• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.527-536
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• 2005

The effects of dietary Gleditschia on fatty acid composition, lipid oxidation, and pork quality were investigated. Pigs (n=40) were fed a diet containing 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 1% Gleditschia for 14 weeks and slaughtered at 110 kg average. The longissimus throracis et lumborum muscle was collected at 24 hr postmortem. Pork loin chops (3 cm thick) were packaged aerobically and stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. Samples were analyzed for fatty acid composition, ultimate pH, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS), color ($L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$), drip loss and water-holding capacity. There was no significant difference of moisture and crude fat percent in between treatment and control group, and the color stability of pork loin better in all treat groups was more improved during cold storage. The change of pH was significantly increased (p<0.05) in 0.2, 0.4, 1% treatment groups compare to the control group. Water-holding capacity of pig loins was significantly higher (p<0.05) in all treat groups than in control group; 0.2% treat group was the highest in the water holding capacity followed by 0.4, 1, and 0.1% treat groups. Less drip loss of pig loin was observed with samples from Gleditschia-fed pigs except 1% treat group. Unsaturated fatty acid were tend to be decreased and saturated fatty acid were tend to be increased in Gleditschia-treated group. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance value of control was significantly higher than that of the Gleditschia-fed group (p<0.05).

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.310-320
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• 2003

To study the nutritional and health status of the elderly in Songnam, the anthropometic measurments, fat composition of body(FAT), blood pressure(BP) and blood test for analyzing biochemical indies of the elderly in seongnam were carried out in 338 free-living elderly (161 men, 177 women) aged from 58 to 92. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were assessed, and body fat was analyzed by BI(Bioelectrical Impedence) method. Biochemical measurements including blood glucose(BG), GPT, serum total cholesterol(TC) and albumin(AL) were analyzed. Average heights of the subjects were lower than the standards established in the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances, and average weights were similar to the standards. FAT were significantly higher in women(36.4%) than men(27.7%), and both groups showed higher values than the reference. Mean systolic BP levels of men and women were 153.3mmHg and 153.7mmHg, and diastolic BP levels were 87.5mmHg and 86.0mmHg, respectively, and there were no significant differences between the sex. Mean BG levels of men and women were 115.9mg/㎗ and 123.7mg/㎗, respectively, and there were no significant differences between the sex and among the age groups. Mean GPT levels of men and women were 19.4unit and 18.1unit, respectively, and women older than 75 years showed significanly low levels of GPT compared to other women's age groups. Mean TC levels of men and women were 186.0mg/㎗ and 206.6mg/㎗, respectively, and significantly higher TC levels were shown in women than men. Mean AL levels of men and women were 4.8g/㎗ and 4.8g/㎗, respectively, and men aged 50 ∼ 64 years showed significant high AL levels compared to other age groups of men. It was suggested that nutrition education program was a good way to improve health status of the elderly.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.285-293
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• 2000

The present study has been carried out to investigate the effect of fluoride toxicity on the morphology as well as inorganic chemical constituents of rat teeth. Rats were administered sodium fluoride at dose of 0 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm and 300 ppm at the beginning of pregnancy. Animals were perfused intravascularly with glutaraldehyde and the incisors were removed. Changes in the protein composition of the secretory and maturation enamel were investigated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE). And the enamel surface of incisors was examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Changes of protein quantities were found significantly in high levels fluoride administration for experimental groups compared with control. The SDS PAGE analysis demonstrated as follows In control group, secretory phase enamel protein, amelogenins, was detected more quantities than experimental group. The enamelin, presence in maturation phase enamel , showed more quantifies than control enamel with an increasing fluoride concentration in the drinking water. Also, the scanning electron micrographic data showed hypoplastic, tough, uneven, pitted and cracked enamel surfaces covered with granular deposits as a result of excessive intake of fluoride. From these results we conclude that high dose of fluoride administration leads to severe structural alterations on the enamel surface and these structural changes could be through defective mineralization.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2003

Background: There is abundance of studies on the decrease in body fat through limited calorie intake or exercise; however, studies focusing simultaneously on functional foods and exercise are rare. This study was aimed to identify the effects of combination of a functional beverage and exercise on body composition and biochemical metabolic profiles. Method: Eighty-one healthy volunteers (69 females aged 19 to 50 years and 12 males aged 19 to 55 years), who maintained their body weight stable with 23 or higher in BMI (kg/$m^2$) and 25% or higher body fat for the last three months, were recruited in the study through written advertisement. All the subjects gave their informed consent, and the study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study design was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel group design. All participants were given 12-week programed-exercise, which was performed 3 times a week. One bottle (100 ml) of test (Garcinia cambogia 300 mg, L-carnitine 20 mg, Soy peptide 1,000 mg) or placebo solution was given daily 30 min before each session of programed-exercise. BMI (body mass index), %fat, local fat amount (visceral and mid-thigh), waist circumference, skin fold thickness and some biochemical metabolic parameters like glucose, insulin and free fatty acids, etc in the blood were measured and compared before and after 12-week intervention within groups as well as between groups according to the protocol Results: Twenty six volunteers were dropped out and fifty five volunteers completed the study. At the end of 4, 8, and 12 weeks, approximately 1.98%, 3.00% and 3.50% losses of initial body weight were observed, respectively, in the test group (P<0.01), and 0.29, % ,0.74%, 1.60%, respectively, in the placebo group (P>0.05). BMI changed by 2.40%, 3.41% and 4.46%, respectively, in the test group, and 0.38%, 0.95% and 1.75%, respectively, in the placebo group, at each period of time. The reductions of body weight and BMI were significantly higher in the test group than in the placebo group at each period of time (P<0.05). Conclusions: It is thought that the combination of functional beverage, which contains mostly garcinia cambogia, L-carnitine, and soy peptide, and exercise have synergy effects on reducing body fat.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.280-289
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• 2015

Anaerobic digestion is an efficient and renewable energy technology that can produce biogas from a variety of biomasses such as animal manure, food waste and plant residues. In developing countries this technology is widely used for the production of biogas using local biomasses, but there is little information about the value of these biomasses for energy production. This study was therefore carried out with the objective of estimating the biogas production potential of typical Vietnamese biomasses such as animal manure, slaughterhouse waste and plant residues, and developing a model that relates methane ($CH_4$) production to the chemical characteristics of the biomass. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) and biomass characteristics were measured. Results showed that piglet manure produced the highest $CH_4$ yield of 443 normal litter (NL) $CH_4kg^{-1}$ volatile solids (VS) compared to 222 from cows, 177 from sows, 172 from rabbits, 169 from goats and 153 from buffaloes. Methane production from duckweed (Spirodela polyrrhiza) was higher than from lawn grass and water spinach at 340, 220, and 110.6 NL $CH_4kg^{-1}$ VS, respectively. The BMP experiment also demonstrated that the $CH_4$ production was inhibited with chicken manure, slaughterhouse waste, cassava residue and shoe-making waste. Statistical analysis showed that lipid and lignin are the most significant predictors of BMP. The model was developed from knowledge that the BMP was related to biomass content of lipid, lignin and protein from manure and plant residues as a percentage of VS with coefficient of determination (R-square) at 0.95.This model was applied to calculate the $CH_4$ yield for a household with 17 fattening pigs in the highlands and lowlands of northern Vietnam.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.79-94
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• 2001

The fluorescence emanating from a biological tissue contains information about scattering, absorption and the intrinsic fluorescence (fluorescence only due to fluorophores). Becaue fluorescence spectra of biological tissue are often significantly affected by the presence of tissue absorbers and scatterers, the measured tissue fluorescence cannot be interpreted as a linear combination of intrinsic fluorescence spectra of different tissue biochemical. We conducted experiments to examine the influence of scattering and absorption on the experimentally measured fluorescence of a turbid medium such as biological tissue. Therefore, we acquired fluorescence and reflectance spectra of tissue phantoms with a wide range of scatterer and absorber concentrations. By applying a photon migration model, which uses the scattering and absorption information contained in reflectance spectra to remove their distortion also present in fluorescence spectra, we extract the intrinsic fluorescence of these tissue models. We achieved excellent agreement between modeled and actual intrinsic fluorescence spectra. The motivation for this research is that intrinsic fluorescence spectra are expected to change with progression of disease in human tissue, due to changes in the tissue biochemical composition. It is not possible to distinguish the two tissue types by using only the measured fluorescence, however clear separation can be achieved with the intrinsic fluorescence in real time optical biopsy.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.431-437
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• 2005

Molecular methods were employed to investigate microorganisms in a thermophilic continuous stirred tank reactor(CSTR) used for continuous $H_2$ production. The reactor was inoculated with heat-treated anaerobic sludge and fed with a glucose-based medium. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed dynamic changes of bacterial populations in the reactor during 43 days of operation. Gas composition was constant from approximately 14 days but population shift still occurred. Populations affiliated with Fervidobactrium gondwanens and Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum were dominant on 21 and 41 days, respectively. Keeping pH of the medium at 5.0 could suppress methanogenic activity that was detected during initial operation period. $CH_4$ and mcrA detected in the samples obtained from the reactor or inoculum suggested the heat treatment condition employed in this study is not enough to remove methanogens in the inoculum. PCR using primer sets specific to 4 main orders of methanogens suggested that major $H_2$-consuming methanogens in the CSTR belong to the order Methanobacteriales.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.201-209
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• 2016

Theoretical maximum methane yield of glucose at STP (1 atm, $0^{\circ}C$) is 0.35 L $CH_4/g$ COD. However, most researched actual methane yields of anaerobic digester (AD) on lab scale is lower than theoretical ones. A wide range of them have been reported according to experiments methods and types of organic matters. Recent year, a MET (Microbial electrochemical technology) is a promising technology for producing sustainable bio energies from AD via rapid degradation of high concentration organic wastes, VFAs (Volatile Fatty Acids), toxic materials and non-degradable organic matters with electrochemical reactions. In this study, methane yields of food waste leachate and sewage waste sludge were evaluated by using BMP (Biochemical Methane Potential) and continuous AD tests. As the results, methane production volume from the anaerobic digester equipped with MET (AD + MET) was higher than conventional AD in the ratio of 2 to 3 times. The actual methane yields from all experiments were lower than those of theoretical value of glucose. The methane yield, however, from the AD + MET occurred similar to the theoretical one. Moreover, biogas compositions of AD and AD + MET were similar. Consequently, methane production from anaerobic digester with MET increased from the result of higher organic removal efficiency, while, further researches should be required for investigating methane production mechanisms in the anaerobic digester with MET.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.271-277
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• 2017

Ethyl formate has been used for the control of insect pests by fumigation. However, there were not many reports to show its target site of fumigant toxicity on insect pests since its first use in the agricultural industry. In the present study, we showed the presumable target sites of ethyl formate fumigation in insect pests using Myzus persicae nymphs. After ethyl formate fumigation, the nymphs of this species were collected and the changes at the biochemical and molecular level were determined. The activity of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) was approximately two-fold higher after ethyl formate fumigation. In addition, the expression levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) decreased gradually with increasing ethyl formate concentration. These two findings suggested that COX and AChE might be the major target sites of ethyl formate fumigation. In addition to these results, the analysis of lipid content using MALDI-TOF MS/MS identified 9 phospholipids differently generated 2-fold higher in the ethyl formate-treated nymphs than that in the control nymphs, thereby leading to changes in cell membrane composition in M. persicae nymphs. Therefore, the ethyl formate fumigation caused lethal effects on M. persicae nymphs by changing COX activity, AChE gene expression, and phospholipid production.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2012

Lactobacillus acidophilus isolated from the feces of a 7-day-old breast-fed infant was characterized to examine the scope of its commercial use. Forty-three Lactobacillus strains, which could grow at pH 5.5, were isolated. From these Lactobacillus isolates, 14 Lactobacillus strains were selected, which demonstrated more than 80% viability and homofermentative lactic fermentation. Finally, 9 L. acidophilus strains (NB 201~NB 209) were identified as candidate strains based upon biochemical properties, carbohydrate utilization, and cellular fatty acid composition. L. acidophilus isolates demonstrated a survival rate of more than 80% when exposed to pH 2.5 for 2 h. In particular, L. acidophilus NB 204 showed a strong acid tolerance, with a 71% survival rate even at pH 2.0. L. acidophilus isolates also manifested high bile acid tolerance; more than 87% of the cells survived on agar containing 1% bile extract, except for L. acidophilus NB 206, which showed a 73% survival rate. All L. acidophilus isolates were confirmed to have proteolytic activity; L. acidophilus NB 204 and NB 209 yielded higher levels of TCA-soluble peptides and free amino acids. The ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity of the L. acidophilus isolates was in the range of 1.97~2.45 units/mL.