• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.109-116
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• 2005

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2013

Mare milk is gaining importance because of its nutritional characteristics and therapeutic properties, which enable its use as part of the diet of the elderly, convalescents, and newborn infants. This review describes the functional and bioactive components of mare milk, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, and the characteristics such as acidification and released free amino acids of fermented mare milk. The protein profile of mare milk differs from that of bovine milk but is similar to that of human milk. The salt and lactose content in mare's milk is similar to that in human milk, but mare's milk has a significantly lower content of fat. Whey protein concentration is higher and casein content is much lower in mare milk than in bovine milk. These health-promoting properties indicate that mare milk and its derivatives could become valuable foods for elderly consumers in the form of probiotic beverages. Protein allergies related to and the potential industrial applications of mare milk have also been discussed in comparison with those of bovine milk. Although mare milk has diverse advantages if used as a nutritional food and has positive effects on health, further studies are required to enable its use as a complete substitute for human milk or as a health food.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.154-159
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• 2006

Interleukin-18 (IL-18), otherwise known as interferon-gamma-inducing factor (IGIF), is one of several well characterized and important cytokines that contribute to host defenses. The complementary DNA (cDNA) of mature human interleukin-18 gene (hIL-18) was fused with the signal peptide of the rice amylase 1A gene (Ramy1A) and introduced into the plant expression vector under the control of a duplicated CaMV 35S promoter. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Havana) using the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. The integration of the hlL-18 gene into the genome of transgenic tobacco plants was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and its expression was observed in the suspension cells that were derived from the transgenic plant callus by using Northern blot analysis. The hlL-18 protein was detected in the extracts of the transgenic callus and in the medium of the transgenic tobacco suspension culture by using immunoblot analysis. Based upon enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) results, the expression level of the hlL-18 protein approximated $166{\mu}g/L$ in the suspension culture medium. Bioassay results from the induction of $interferon-{\gamma}$ from a KG-1 cell line indicated that the hlL-18 secreted into the suspension culture medium was bioactive.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.373-381
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• 2017

Hippocampus abdominalis, the big belly sea horse, is widely known for its medicinal value in Chinese folk medicine. In this study, extract obtained by proteolytic degradation of this species was investigated for its effects on skeletal muscle development, both in vitro and in vivo. Muscle cell lines ($C_2C_{12}$ and $L_6$) treated with the bioactive peptide did not have any detrimental effects on the cell viability, which was above 80%. Optical microscopy analysis on the morphology of the sea horse extract (SHE)-treated cells showed enhanced differentiating ability with myotube formation. Moreover, cells incubated with the hydrolysate displayed decreased proliferation rate, as recorded by the electric cell substrate impedance sensing system, thereby supporting enhanced differentiation. For a period of 12 weeks, mice models were fed with SHE and simultaneously subjected to treadmill exercise, which increased the expression of Myogenin, a key myogenic regulatory factor. In addition, there was an increase in the expression of AMPK- and Cytochrome C, both of which are important in mitochondrial biogenesis. Thus, the SHE from Hippocampus abdominalis can be a promising candidate as protein supplement aiding muscle development.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.346-359
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• 2024

Although ovalbumin makes up 54% of the total egg white proteins, individual protein usage is rare. The primary applications of ovalbumin in the food industry relate to other proteins, such as whole egg whites. Ovalbumin has remarkable functional properties, such as those of gelation, foaming, and emulsification, which are crucial in the processing of food, however, its application as a standalone functional protein is severely constrained due to separation issues. In recent years, new methodologies for the large-scale separation of ovalbumin have emerged. Meantime, ovalbumin was identified as a good source to produce bioactive peptides with a variety of functional properties, including antibacterial, antioxidant, and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitory actions, according to research. Newly discovered bioactive peptides from ovalbumin can be used in the food sector in addition to their well-known functional properties to create health-promoting products. Benefits extend beyond the food business to numerous other sectors, such as the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Consequently, a gap between the existing and prospective future uses is found. The main goals of this study were to determine some possible factors for the long-term neglect of the major protein and to determine the growing potential for applications of ovalbumin and peptides.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.138-141
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• 2002

A photo-labile compound which is bioinactive but, upon irradiation with light, yields bioactive species is called as "caged compound". Photolysis of caged compounds generating bioactive species, has become a general method to produce a desired amounts of bioactive species in the specific time interval at the desired place or area of the target biological systems. For this purpose, we designed and synthesized caged hydroxyl radical., "Photo-Fenton Reagent" NP-IIl. NP-IIl has a strong absorption maximum at 377 nm and yields hydroxyl radicals upon UV light irradiation. The antioxidant activity of the ${\alpha}$ -lipoic acid and other naturally occurring compounds has been examined by using NP-IIl as a molecular probe. For example, upon photoirradiation of NP-lII with BSA or apolipoprotein of human low density (LDL), the significant oxidative modifications were observed in both cases. The oxidation was completely suppressed in the presence of ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid, which clearly demonstrates the strong hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid. Other applications of NP-lII will also be described

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a major cellular energy sensor and master regulator of metabolic homeostasis. On activation, this cellular fuel sensing enzyme induces a series of metabolic changes to balance energy consumption via multiple downstream signaling pathways controlling nutrient uptake and energy metabolism. This pivotal role of AMPK has led to the development of numerous AMPK activators which might be used as novel drug candidates in the treatment of AMPK related disorders, diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic diseases. Consequently, a number of patents have been published on AMPK activators from natural products and other sources. This review covers the patented AMPK activators from natural products and their therapeutic potential in treatment or prevention of metabolic diseases including diabetes and obesity.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.39-47
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• 2006

Incorporation of bioactive compounds such as vitamins, probiotics, bioactive peptides, and antioxidants into Nutrient Delivery System (NDS) for 'nanofood' provides simple way to develop novel functional foods that may have physiological benefits or reduce risks of diseases. As vital nutrient in nanofood, proteins possess unique functional properties including ability to form gels and emulsions, which allow them to be ideal nanofood materials for encapsulation of bioactive compounds. Based on protein physico-chemical properties, this review describes potential role of nanofood materials for development of NDS in hydrogel form, micro-or nano-particles. Applications of these nanofood materials to protect delivery-sensitive nutraceutical compounds are illustrated, and impacts of particle size on release properties are emphasized.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.461-473
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• 2020

The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of various supplementary feeds on the chemical composition and production of bioactive substances in Protaetia brevitarsis larvae. The primary feed-oak-fermented sawdust-was supplemented with a variety of substances, including aloe, apple, banana, sweet persimmon (S. persimmon) and sweet pumpkin (S. pumpkin). Crude protein and fat content were the highest in the control and S. pumpkin group, respectively. Supplementary feeds increased the content of unsaturated fatty acids, except in the group receiving S. pumpkin, in which oleic acid was the most abundant (58.2%-64.5%). Free essential amino acids in larvae receiving supplementary aloe were higher compared with the control group except for Lys and His. Polyphenol and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant activities of ABTS and DPPH were higher in all treated groups compared with the control group. Although supplementary feeds led to a decreased crude protein content in the treated larvae when compared with the control group, these treatments generally improved the levels of unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidative activity. Therefore, we suggest that among the supplementary foods tested, aloe is a better resource for P. brevitarsis based on crude protein content, free amino acids and other bioactive compounds such as unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.138-139
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• 2003

To investigated the effect of liquid culture conditions and nutrient sources on the formation with bioactive substance of Paeilomyces japonica and Cordyceps militaris cultivated in the country, the result are as follow; The growth temperature of two mycelia is 25$^{\circ}C$ and the proper temperature for cordycepin growth is around 20$^{\circ}C$. The formation amount of bioactive substance by nutrient sources reached its peak with using 2% glucose and 1% galactose in case of carbon sources and 0.4% inorganic compound in case of nitrogen sources. Also, the ratio of C/N was optimal with 3% glucose 1% peptone. For a natural medium, most grains were sufficient but the soybean oil was superb. The formation amount of protein-binding polysaccharide that are used for anticancer substance was in proportion to the growth rate of mycelium, had lots of aeration and showed a trend of increasing when the acidity lower. and the content of structural protein showed a trend of increasing when the acidity lower. However, the content of the structural hexosamin did not get a great the effect of culture conditions and nutrient sources. The constitution of monosaccharide that organizes a protein-binding polysaccharide greatly changed in proportion to carbon sources. When Paecilomyces japonica cultured in a silkworm larvae for 30 days, the content of cordycepin was 204.5 mg/100mL as a dry weight in the fruiting body, 41.8 mg/100mL in mycelium and larva, and the content for each bottle was average 29.5 mg/100mL. In case of Cordyceps militaris for 45days, the fruiting body was 563.5 mg/100mL, the larva and the mycelium was 86.1 mg/100mL, and the content for each bottle was average 65.0 mg/100mL.