• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.600-608
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• 2019

울금(Curcuma longa L.)의 생리활성 및 지질과산화 저해능에 미치는 영향을 확인하고 기능성 식품 소재로 활용 가치를 검토하기 위하여 연구를 수행하였다. 총 카로티노이드(total carotenoid) 함량은 $1.581{\pm}0.005mg$ ${\beta}$-carotene equivalents (BCE)/g dry weight으로 관찰되었다. 70% 메탄올, chloroform:methanol (CM, 2:1, v/v), 에틸 아세테이트(ethyl acetate, EA) 3가지 용매를 사용한 추출 수율은 70% 메탄올(16.54%), CM (5.64%), EA (4.14%) 순으로 나타났다. 총 페놀 함량은 EA, CM 및 70% 메탄올에서 각각 106.287, 90.614 및 18.527 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g의 함량으로 나타났으며, 추출 용매 별 항산화능은 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mg/mL의 농도로 측정하였고, 양성대조구로 사용된 BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole) 및 trolox 보다는 낮은 항산화능을 보였다. Nitric oxide (NO) 라디칼 소거능은 70% 메탄올에서 28.65~48.43%, CM 18.86~55.10%, EA에서 15.68~56.25%로 관찰되었다. Nitrite ($NO_2$) 소거능은 70% 메탄올, CM 및 EA 순으로 나타나 EA 추출물에서 유의적인 차이를 보이며 강한 $NO_2$ 소거능을 나타내었다(p<0.05). ${\beta}$-carotene 탈색 저해능은 70% 메탄올, CM 및 EA에서 각각 1.64~23.79%, 6.99~41.16% 및 10.20~48.52%로 관찰되었다. 한편, 지질과산화 저해능은 70% 메탄올, CM 및 EA 추출물에서 높게 측정되었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 댕댕이나무 열매 추출물이 3T3-L1과 마우스 지방유래줄기세포의 지방 분화유도 및 지방생성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 3T3-L1에 댕댕이나무 열매 추출물을 처리하였을 때, 농도의존적으로 지방구의 생성을 줄였고 지방세포 분화에 있어서 중요한 전사인자인 $PPAR{\gamma}$, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, SREBP1의 발현을 억제시켜 지방 합성이 감소됨을 확인하였다. 또한, 마우스 지방에서 분리한 줄기세포의 지방 분화과정에서도 댕댕이나무 열매 추출물이 $PPAR{\gamma}$, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, SREBP1의 단백질 발현을 감소시켜 지방 축적을 농도 의존적으로 억제하였다. 이상의 결과로 댕댕이나무 열매 추출물은 세포독성이 없는 농도에서 지방 세포의 분화를 억제 하는 것으로 확인되어 항비만 기능성 소재로서의 활용 가능성이 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.825-835
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• 2020

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary zinc supplementation of Friesian cows on chemical-nutritional and aromatic properties of Caciocavallo cheese after 7 days (C₇) and 120 days (C₁₂₀) of ripening. Methods: Twenty eight Friesian cows, balanced for parity, milk production and days in milk, were randomly assigned to 2 groups. The control group (CG) was fed with a conventional complete diet, while the experimental group (zinc group, ZG) received a daily zinc supplementation of 60 mg for kg of dry complete feed. During the experimental period, the milk yield was monitored and samples of milk and caciocavallo cheese were collected and analyzed for chemical-nutritional composition and aromatic profile. Results: The enrichment of dairy cows diet with zinc, did not influence milk yield and composition, however a marked reduction of somatic cell count was evidenced. Both in milk and cheese the ZG samples were characterized by a lower concentration of satured fatty acids and an increase in oleic, vaccenic and rumenic acids. The aromatic profile of dairy products was also positively affected by dietary zinc intake, with an increase in concentration of carboxylic acids, esters and lactones. Conclusion: The present results suggest a positive role of dietary zinc intake in improving the quality of bovine milk and related cheese, in particular for the increase in concentration of bioactive fatty acids such as rumenic acid. The changes evidenced in cheese through the analysis of the volatile profile, would be consistent with the development of interesting organoleptic properties, although further evaluations should be performed to confirm the consumer acceptability of these changes.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2015

Phenolic rich ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) from lotus leaves was prepared and its bioactive components, antioxidant and cytoprotective effects were investigated. EAF showed high total phenolic content and flavonoid content and contained rutin ($11,331.3{\pm}4.5mg/100g\;EAF$), catechin ($10,853.8{\pm}5.8mg/100g\;EAF$), sinapic acid ($1,961.3{\pm}5.6mg/100g\;EAF$), chlorogenic acid ($631.9{\pm}2.3mg/100g\;EAF$), syringic acid ($512.3{\pm}2.5mg/100g\;EAF$), and quercetin ($415.0{\pm}2.1mg/100g\;EAF$). EAF exerted the $IC_{50}$ of $4.46{\mu}g/mL$ and $5.35{\mu}g/mL$ toward DPPH and ABTS cation radicals, respectively, and showed strong reducing power, which was better than that of ascorbic acid, a positive control. Additionally, EAF protected hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage indicated by the conversion of supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA to the open circular form and inhibited lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid in a linoleic acid emulsion. In cultured hepatocytes, EAF exerted a cytoprotective effect against oxidative stress by inhibiting intracellular reactive oxygen species formation and membrane lipid peroxidation. In addition, depletion of glutathione under oxidative stress was remarkably restored by treatment with EAF. The results suggest that EAF have great potential to be used against oxidative stress-induced health conditions.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2008

Efficiency of a far-infrared radiation (FIR) dryer for drying of citrus by-products (CBPs) was evaluated through their antioxidant activities. The CBPs dried through FIR were enzymatically digested by six carbohydrases (AMG, Celluclast, Pectinase, Termamyl, Ultraflo and Viscozyme) to prepare digests for evaluation of the activities. The total polyphenolic and total flavonoid contents of the digests were determined by colorimetric assays. The AMG digest was selected for the further experiments. The antioxidant potential of the digests were evaluated by DPPH, superoxide, hydroxyl and alkyl radical scavenging activities, $H_2O_2$ scavenging activity, metal chelating, lipid peroxidation inhibition and the reduction of DNA damage. The AMG digest from CBPs dried through FIR at $50^{\circ}C$ showed strong antioxidant activities in DPPH, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, alkyl and metal chelating assays while all the digests showed strong lipid peroxidation activities. Further, enzymatic digests showed remarkable inhibitory activities against $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage. Hence, the data obtained using different in vitro models clearly established the antioxidant potential of enzymatic digests from CBPs dried through FIR. Furthermore, they can be used as a source of natural antioxidants; hence, far-infrared radiation drying is a viable method for transforming wet CBPs into a dried form without destroying the bioactive components.

• 생약학회지
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• 제32권2호통권125호
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• pp.108-115
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• 2001

Based on DPPH radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity, the MeOH extracts of 139 crude drugs were screened in order to search for antioxidants. Among tested samples, the extracts from the seed of Nelumbo nucifera, the fruit of Terminalia chebula var. gangetia, the root of Salvia miltiorhiza, the fruit of Ziziphus jujuba var. innermis, the root bark of Paeonia moutan, the fruit of Rubus coreanus, the fruit of Zanthoxylum schinifolium, the lignum of Caesalpinia sappan, the leaf of Pinus densiflora, the rhizome of Alpinia officinarum, the fruit of Syzygium aromaticum, the ramulus and uncus of Uncaria rhynchophylla, the root bark of Lycium chinense, and the fruit of Alpinia katsumadai showed a relatively strong antioxidative activity. Furthermore, the BuOH fraction from the extract of N. nucifera showed a potent activity in each assay. The isolation of bioactive compounds has been carried out and will be reported in the next paper.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.210-218
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• 2015

The antioxidant activity of white ginseng was not recorded in Korea Functional Food Code, while its activity of red ginsengs was recorded. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and hepato protective effect of different ginsengs in H₂O₂-treated HepG2 cells. White and red ginseng were prepared from longitudinal section of the same fresh ginseng (4-year old). The whole parts of white and red ginsengs were separately extracted with 70% ethanol and distilled water respectively, at 70 ℃ to obtain therapeutic ginseng extracts namely, WDH (distilled water extract of white ginseng), WEH (70% ethanol extract of white ginseng), RDH (distilled water extract of red ginseng) and REH (70% ethanol extract of red ginseng). In this work, we have investigated the DPPH, hydroxyl radical, Fe²⁺-chelating activity, intracellular ROS scavenging capacity and lipid peroxidation of different ginsengs. All these extracts showed a dose dependent free-radical scavenging capacity and a ROS generation as well as lipid peroxidation was significantly reduced by treatment with bioactive extracts of white ginsengs (WDH) than red ginsengs. Additionally, white ginseng extracts (WDH) has dramatically increased intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities like superoxide dismutase and catalase in H₂O₂-treated HepG2 cells. All these results explain that administration of white ginseng is useful as herbal medicine than red ginseng for chemoprevention of liver damage.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.518-528
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• 2005

In the present study, the antioxidative and inhibitory activity of Zingiber officinale Rosc. Rhizomes-derived materials (on mushroom tyrosinase) were evaluated. The bioactive co mponents of Z. officinale rhizomes were characterized by spectroscopic analysis as zingerone and dehydrozingerone, which exhibited potent antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activities. A series of substituted dehydrozingerones [(E)-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-ones] were prepared in admirable yields by the reaction of appropriate benzaldehydes with acetone and the products were evaluated in terms of variation in the dehydrozingerone structure. The synthetic analogues were examined for their antioxidant and antityrosinase activities to probe the most potent analogue. Compound 26 inhibited Fe$^{2+}$-induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate with an IC$_{50}$ = 6.3${\pm}$0.4 ${\mu}$M. In the 1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical quencher assay, compounds 2, 7, 17, 26, 28, and 29 showed radical scavenging activity equal to or higher than those of the standard antioxidants, like ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and ascorbic acid. Compound 27 displayed superior inhibition of tyrosinase activity relative to other examined analogues. Compounds 2, 17, and 26 exhibited non-competitive inhibition against oxidation of 3,4- dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). From the present study, it was observed that both number and position of hydroxyl groups on aromatic ring and a double bond between C-3 and C-4 played a critical role in exerting the antioxidant and antityrosinase activity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2019

Background: Ginsenosides, which are bioactive components in ginseng, can be converted to smaller compounds for improvement of their pharmacological activities. The conversion methods include heating; acid, alkali, and enzymatic treatment; and microbial conversion. The aim of this study was to determine the bioconversion of ginsenosides in fermented red ginseng extract (FRGE). Methods: Red ginseng extract (RGE) was fermented using Lactobacillus plantarum KCCM 11613P. This study investigated the ginsenosides and their antioxidant capacity in FRGE using diverse methods. Results: Properties of RGE were changed upon fermentation. Fermentation reduced the pH value, but increased the titratable acidity and viable cell counts of lactic acid bacteria. L. plantarum KCCM 11613P converted ginsenosides $Rb_2$ and $Rb_3$ to ginsenoside Rd in RGE. Fermentation also enhanced the antioxidant effects of RGE. FRGE reduced 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and reducing power; however, it improved the inhibition of ${\beta}$-carotene and linoleic acid oxidation and the lipid peroxidation. This suggested that the fermentation of RGE is effective for producing ginsenoside Rd as precursor of ginsenoside compound K and inhibition of lipid oxidation. Conclusion: This study showed that RGE fermented by L. plantarum KCCM 11613P may contribute to the development of functional food materials.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.357-366
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• 2022

Background: Withania somnifera (Solanaceae), generally known as Indian ginseng, is a medicinal plant that is used in Ayurvedic practice for promoting health and longevity. This study aims to identify the bioactive metabolites from Indian ginseng and elucidate their structures. Methods: Withanolides were purified by chromatographic techniques, including HPLC coupled with LC/MS. Chemical structures of isolated withanolides were clarified by analyzing the spectroscopic data from 1D and 2D NMR, and HR-ESIMS experiment. Absolute configurations of the withanolides were established by the application of NMR chemical shifts and ECD calculations. Anti-adipogenic activities of isolates were evaluated using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with Oil Red O staining and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Results: Phytochemical examination of the roots of Indian ginseng afforded to the isolation of six withanolides (1-6), including three novel withanolides, withasilolides GeI (1-3). All the six compounds inhibited adipogenesis and suppressed the enlargement of lipid droplets, compared to those of the control. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of Fabp4 and Adipsin, the adipocyte markers decreased noticeably following treatment with 25 µM of 1-6. The active compounds (1-6) also promoted lipid metabolism by upregulating the expression of the lipolytic genes HSL and ATGL and downregulating the expression of the lipogenic gene SREBP1. Conclusion: The results of our experimental studies suggest that the withasilolides identified herein have anti-adipogenic potential and can be considered for the development of therapeutic strategies against adipogenesis in obesity. Our study also provides a mechanistic rationale for using Indian ginseng as a potential therapeutic agent against obesity and related metabolic diseases.