• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.650-655
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• 2016

Gears are components of transmission which transmit the power of an engine to a machine and offer numerous speed ratios, a compact structure, and high efficiency of power transmission. Gear train design in the automotive industry uses simulation software. However, PTO (Power Take-Off) gear design for agricultural applications uses the empirical method because of the wide range of load fluctuations in agricultural fields. The PTO is an important part of agricultural tractors which transmits the power to various tractor implements. Therefore, a simulation was essential to the optimal design of the PTO. When the PTO gear is optimally designed, there are many advantages such as low cost, reduced size, and light weight. In this study, we conducted the bending and contact safety factor simulation for the PTO gear of an agricultural tractor. The bending and contact safety factors were calculated on ISO 6336 : 2006 by decreasing the face widths of the PTO pinion and wheel gear from 18 mm at an interval of 1 mm. The safety factor of the PTO gear decreased as the face width decreased. The contact safety factors of the pinion and wheel gear were 1.45 and 1.53, respectively, when the face width was 18 mm. The simulation results showed that the face width of the PTO gear should be greater than 9 mm to maintain the bending and contact safety factors higher than 1. It would be possible to reduce the weight of the PTO gear for different uses and working conditions. This study suggests that the possibility of designing an optimal PTO gear decreases as its face width decreases.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.195-210
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• 2020

The observed time series from the Korea Ocean Research Stations (KORS) in the Yellow and East China Seas (YECS) have various sources of noise, including bio-fouling on the underwater sensors, intermittent depletion of power, cable leakage, and interference between the sensors' signals. Besides these technical issues, intricate waves associated with background tidal currents tend to result in substantial oscillations in oceanic time series. Such technical and environmental issues require a regionally optimized automatic quality control (QC) procedure. Before the achievement of this ultimate goal, we examined the approach of the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI)'s standard QC to investigate whether this procedure is pertinent to the KORS. The OOI QC consists of three categorized tests of global/local range of data, temporal variation including spike and gradient, and sensor-related issues associated with its stuck and drift. These OOI QC algorithms have been applied to the water temperature time series from the Ieodo station, one of the KORS. Obvious outliers are flagged successfully by the global/local range checks and the spike check. Both stuck and drift checks barely detected sensor-related errors, owing to frequent sensor cleaning and maintenance. The gradient check, however, fails to flag the remained outliers that tend to stick together closely, as well as often tend to mark probably good data as wrong data, especially data characterized by considerable fluctuations near the thermocline. These results suggest that the gradient check might not be relevant to observations involving considerable natural fluctuations as well as technical issues. Our study highlights the necessity of a new algorithm such as a standard deviation-based outlier check using multiple moving windows to replace the gradient check and an additional algorithm of an inter-consistency check with a related variable to build a standard QC procedure for the KORS.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2020

Brain tumors or gliomas are fatal cancer species with high recurrence rates due to their strong invasiveness. Therefore, the goal of surgery is complete tumor resection. However, the surgery is difficult to distinguish the border because tumors and blood vessels have the same color tone and shape. The fluorescein sodium is used as a fluorescence contrast agent for boundary separation. When the external light source is irradiated, yellow fluorescence is expressed in the tumor, which helps distinguish between blood vessels and tumor boundaries. But, the fluorescence expression of fluorescence sodium depends on the concentration of fluorescein sodium and such analytical data is insufficient. The unclear fluorescence can obscure the boundaries between blood vessels and tumors. In addition, reduce the efficiency of fluorescence sodium use. This paper proposes a protocol of concentration range for fluorescence expression conditions. Fluorescent expression was observed using a near-infrared (NIR) color camera with corresponding dilution using normal saline in 1 ml microtube. The flunoresence emission density range is 1.00 mM to 0.15 mM. The fluorescence emission begin to 1.00 mM and the 0.15 mM discolor. The discolor is difficult to fluorescence emission condition obserbation. Thus, the maximum density range of the bright fluoresecein is 0.15 mM to 0.30 mM. When the concentration range of fluorescein sodium is analyzed based on the gradient of fluorescence expression and the power measurement, the brightest fluorescence is expected to facilitate the complete resection of the tumor. For the concentration range protocol, setting concentration ranges and analyzing fluorescence expression image according to saturation and brightness to find optimal fluorescence concentration are important. Concentration range protocols for fluorescence expression conditions can be used to find optimal concentrations of substances whose expression pattern varies with concentration ranges. This study is expected to be helpful in the boundary classification and resection of brain tumors and glioma.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.330-338
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• 2015

The influences of fluorescence, scattering, and flocculation in turbid material by light scattering of N-propyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine, fluorescence agent and absorption agent were interpreted for the scattered fluorescence intensity and wavelength. They have been studied the molecular properties by the spectroscopy of laser induced fluorescence (LIF) and flocculation. The effects of optical properties in scattering media have been found by the optical parameters(${\mu}_s$, ${\mu}_a$, ${\mu}_t$). Flocculation is an important step in many solid-liquid separation processes and is widely used. When two particles approach each other, interactions of several colloid particles can come into play which may have major effect on the flocculation and LIF process. The values of scattering coefficient ${\mu}_s$ are large by means of the increasing scattering of scatterer, The values have been found that the slope decays exponentially as a function of concentration from laser source to detector by our experimental result. It may also aid in designing the best model for oil chemistry, bio-pharmaceutical, laser medicine and application of medical engineering on LIF and coagulation in particle transport mode.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.947-956
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• 2015

In the knowledge and information age, to discover and protect Intellectual Properties would be very important for their economic value as a major growth engine. This study evaluated the reliability of a Delphi survey conducted by experts to assess the value of agricultural resources knowledge obtained from literature reviews and field interviews. Delphi method is collecting the opinions of experts for several rounds repeatedly, in the next round the experts have chance to modify their opinion. Scores between two rounds are highly correlated and standard deviations are declined for second round to imply that some correction of their evaluations are made. To check reliability of Delphi survey of two rounds Cronbach's reliability coefficient and Generalizability coefficient are derived. The Cronbach alpha's supported the reliability of the method, but the Generalizability analysis revealed some unexpected results while checking the variance components of sources of measurement errors. Despite the increased reliability coefficients, the deviations between the raters are increased which means that additional rounds are required to get consensus, the goal of Delphi research.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.76-88
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• 2003

This study exploits the robot system which is necessary in gene study, bio-technology industry. As well, it can achieve the job of DNA chip manufacturing whose use rate has been increased recently. The robot consists of DNA spotting device for spotting DNA on the silylated slide and well plate, bed for fixing well-plate, washing & drying device of washing and drying the pin part of DNA spotting device, distillation-water vessel, and discharge vessel of wash water. We made the term of sticking DNA to the pin on well plate to be 15 seconds. The spot size of DNA was set to be 0.28 mm on the average by bringing the slide into contact with pin for 1 second. At this rate, if DNA is spotted in the minimum space possible of about 0.32mm, it can stick about 8,100 DNA spots on the well plate. Analyzing the procedure: Movement starts. Pin washes, dries, and smears DNA on the well plate. Spots DNA onto 12 chips takes 2 minutes and 50 seconds.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.150-150
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• 2017

조립라인에서 볼트의 수량을 정확하게 검출하는 장치는 작업속도의 향상 및 불량발생을 줄이기 위해 필요한 것이다. 현재 조립에 필요한 수량을 작업자의 시각에 의해 파악하고 있기 때문에 작업시간이 증가되고 있으며 특히 조립 과정 중 작업자의 실수로 볼트가 제품의 내부에 침투하여 제품의 소음, 성능저하 및 수명단축을 초래하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 작업자의 편의성 및 조립속도 향상을 위해 볼트를 감지하여 자동으로 수량을 검출하는 장치를 개발하였다. 볼트의 특성에 따라 볼트 선별부의 치수를 수정하면 되도록 하였다. 조립라인의 생산성을 향상시키기 위한 설계는 Auto CAD를 이용하였다. 조립라인의 공간 효율 증가를 위하여 볼트 수량 검출기의 가로${\times}$세로의 크기를 최소로 하여 $220{\times}360{\times}1170mm$로 설계하였다. 받침대는 $60{\times}60$ 프로파일을 이용하였고 다른 구성 부품은 SUS304 재질을 가공하여 조립하였다. 실험은 실험구 마다 100회 측정하여 평균값을 나타냈으며, 소수점은 시스템에 영향이 없기 때문에 절사하였다. Test 19-27 구간이 배출부가 가장 적게 구동하는 것으로 나타났다. 정렬부의 각도가 10, $15^{\circ}$의 경우는 볼트와 배출부의 마찰력이 증가하여 구동횟수가 증가한 것으로 판단된다. $20^{\circ}$이상의 각도에서는 볼트가 배출부에 안착하기 전에 하강하기 때문에 반복횟수가 증가한 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 최적의 정렬부 각도는 $20^{\circ}$로 나타났다. 볼트의 지름이 3, 5, $7{\phi}$ 일 때 정렬부의 각도에 따른 정렬부의 반복횟수에 대한 결과 값을 한 결과 $20^{\circ}$에서 정렬부의 구동횟수가 가장 적은 것 으로 나타났다. 정렬부의 각도가 큰 경우 구동에 의한 볼트와의 운동에너지의 증가로 반복횟수가 증가한 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.243-250
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• 2009

Fifty percent ethanol extract of Lythrum salicaria Linne root (LSR) was tested in vitro on antioxidant activity, and furthermore was investigated on antioxidative and fibrosis protecting activities in $CCL_4$-induced liver fibrosis rat model. Ratio of hepatic GSH/GSSG (reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione) as bio-parameter of antioxidant level in $CCL_4$ plus LSR-treated rats for 6 weeks significantly increased from 2.8- to 5.7-fold than that of $CCL_4$-treated rats at p < 0.05. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) contents in $CCL_4$ plus LSR-treated rats ranged from 1.57- to 2.19-fold of normal rats and were lower than those in $CCL_4$ plus silymarin-treated rats ($1.78{\sim}2.46$-fold of normal rats) (p < 0.05). Amounts of hydroxyproline of liver tissue showing the content of total collagen, a parameter of fibrosis, in $CCL_4$ plus LSR-administrated rat livers were $4.9{\sim}8.8{\mu}g$/mg ($-47{\sim}-71%$, compared with that in $CCL_4$-treated rat livers ($16.6{\mu}g$/mg tissue), which were significantly lower than those in $CCL_4$ plus silymarin-administrated rats being $8.4{\sim}11.7{\mu}g$/mg ($-30{\sim}-50%$). This collagen reducing effect of liver tissue in $CCL_4$ plus LSR-treated rats was supported by histological observation using microscopy assay. From the results, we conclude that the root of L. salicaria have efficient antioxidant potential and effective antifibrotic activities.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.64-68
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• 2005

An analytical method of nine synthetic foods colors in Korea, Japan, Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee of Food Additives (JECFA), and USA were compared. Contents of water insoluble matter in synthetic food colors tested were not different by general test methods of various organs. Contents of chloride and sulfate salts in Food Green No.3, Food Red No.3, Food Blue No.2, and Food Yellow No.4 slightly differed in various methods, and but up to the standard, and general test methods of JECFA and USA needed far more time. For the measurement of arsenic contents in food colors, colorimetric method in Korea and Japan, and silver diethyldithiocarbamate colorimetric method in USA and JECFA were used, but the standards of them were different. Content of heavy metals was up to the standard, but the methods were used colorimetric method in Korea, atomic absorption method in Japan, and both methods in JECFA and USA.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) ranks as the 6th most planted crop in the world behind wheat, rice, maize, soybean, and barley. The objective of this study was to identify bio-marker among sorghum cultivars using proteomics approach such as two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). METHODS AND RESULTS: Proteins were extracted from sorghum seed, and separated by 2-DE. Total 652 spots were detected from 4 different sorghum seed after staining of 2-DE with colloidal Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB). Among them, 8 spots were differentially expressed and were identified using MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. They were involved in RNA metabolism (spot1, spot 4), heat shock proteins (HSPs, spot 2), storage proteins (spot 3, spot 5, and spot 6), and redox related proteins (spot 8). Eight of these proteins were highly up-regulated in Whinchalsusu (WCS). The HSPs, Cupin family protein, and Globulin were specifically accumulated in WCS. The DEAD-box helicase was expressed in 3 cultivars except for WCS. Ribonuclease T2 and aldo-keto reductase were only expressed in 3 cultivars except for Daepung-susu (DPS). CONCLUSION(S): Functions of identified proteins were mainly involved in RNA metabolism, heat shock protein (HSP), and redox related protein. Thus, they may provide new insight into a better understanding of the charactreization between the cultivars of sorghum.