• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.180.1-180.1
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• 2003

Proanthocyanidins, one of the major natural polyphenolic compounds of grape has been reported to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties. In this study, we investigated the hepatoprotective effect of proanthocyanidins on the dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver damage in rats. Oral administration of proanthocyanidins (20, 50mg/kg daily for 4 weeks) into the DMN-treated rats remarkably prevented the elevation of serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin levels. (omitted)

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.819-824
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of Whuallak-tang on the inflammation and Liver of the Rat with Arthritis, and to demonstrate its efficiency as well as its safety, Have the each group eat a saline solution, 72mg of Whuallak-tang and 144mg of Whuallak-tang respectively at the same time once a day during a week. After a week, check if there is edema and count the number of leukocyte. Measure total protein and bilirubin, GOT and GPT after extracting serum through centrifugal separation. Right plantat edema occurred much less in sample A and sample B compared to control group. The number of leukocyte of sample A and sample B decreased remarkably compared to control group. The amount of total protein in serum decreased only in sample B group compared to control group. The amount of total bilirubin in serum has no change in both sample A group and sample B group compared to control group. The amount of GOT in serum decreased in both sample A and sample B group compared to control group, but it has no meaning. The amount of GPT in serum decreased remarkably in both sample A and sample B group compared to control group. As a result it was proved that Whualk-tang is good as antiphlogistic of infalmmation of Rat with Arthritis and doesn't bad effect on the liver. Therefore it can be used fot healing Arthritis.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.91-102
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• 2005

1. Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out effects of Hyeongbangpaedok-san(HBPDS) and Dokhwaljihwang(DHJH) against decline of physical function as aging. 2. Methods Administrating HBPDS and DHJH to 40-week-old Wistar rat for 10 weeks so, I researched weight change, weight change of internal organs, and hematological and serological changes. 3. Results & Conclusions 1. Both examining groups, which were taken HBPDS and DHJH, got more weight than control group. But that was regardless. 2. Both examining groups got more weight on internal organs than control group. But that was regardless, too. 3. Both examining groups decreased in amount of MDA in serum, as contrasted with control group. But it was regardless. 4. Both examining groups improved on hematological condition. WBC, RBC, Hgb, monocytes and eosinophil rates were decreasing and HCT and PLT were increasing. Especially monocytes(p<0.001) and eosinophil(p<0.05) rate of DHJH taken group was decreased remarkably. 5-1. Both examining groups show decline in each item of functional examination of liver, such as ALT, AST, T-bilirubin, T-protein, ALB, A/G. T-chol, TG, etc. HBPDS taken group showed meaningful decline in Albumin(p<0.01) and A/G(p<0.01) and DHJH taken group showed meaningful decline in T-bilirubin(p<0.01). 5-2. Both examining groups showed decline in items of functional examination of kidneys. Specially HBPDS taken group showed meaningful decline in CRN rate(p<0.05) and DHJH taken group showed meaningful decline in BUN rate(p<0.05). As those results, HBPDS and DHJH are effective against decline of physical function as aging.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

1. Purpose Stroke is the most frequent cause of mortality and morbidity rate in Korea with coronary heart disease and cancer. The ischemic type of stroke is increasing tendency. The purpose of this studies is to examine the hematologic difference between cb infarction patients and Korean normal adults. 2. Method The study group consisted of neurologically confirmd 50 cb-infarction patients as the case group and 278 patients as control group that they had no significant result by CT through early examination of stroke in Cheonan oriental hospital of Daejeon university. We tested and compared RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC, PT, PTT, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, GOT GPT, $\gamma$-GTP, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C, glucose, BUN, creatinine, Na, K in the both group. 3. Result In the sample group(cb infarction group), there were many patients with low RBC count but no significant and with low hemoglobin, hematocrit(p<0.05). Thereas, increased WBC count and delayed PTT were showed respectively 20%, 36% in patient group, 7.9%, 4.7% in normal group(p<0.05). Comparing the LFT between cb infarction patients and normal adults, we founded significant cases with low HDL-C level, high glucose level, low potassium level in patient group(p<0.05). But the percentage of high total cholesterol level and triglyceride level were 18%, 29%(norma1 group), 20%, 28%(cb infarction group) respectively, there were no significant difference. 4. Conclusion In this study, we demonstrated that low HDL-C level and high glucose level is one of important risk factor of cb infarction. Also prospective studies are needed to evaluate many risk factor(hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC, cholesterol, triglyceride, K, etc) of cb infarction.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.85-94
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effect of pharmacopuncture of Mori Cortex on galactosamine-induced liver injury in rats. Methods : Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups; Normal, liver injury not induced and not treated group. Control, the liver injury-induced and not treated group. Saline group, the liver injury-induced and saline injection at $BL_{18}$. HA-1 and HA-2 group, the liver injury-induced and pharmacopuncture of Mori Cortex applied to $BL_{18}$, each $1.3{\mu}g/g$, $2.6{\mu}g/g$. Then we observed the changes of ${\gamma}$-GTP, GOT, GPT, LDH, total cholesterol, triglyceride, total bilirubin. Results : Pharmacopuncture of Mori Cortex treatment significantly inhibited the activities of ${\gamma}$-GTP, GOT, total cholesterol, triglyceride and total bilirubin in HA-1 group. ${\gamma}$-GTP, GTP, LDH, ${\gamma}$-GTP levels were significantly inhibited in HA-2 group. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that the reduce of hepatic enzyme activation and lipid accumulation by pharmacopuncture of Mori Cortex may be by an antioxidant properties of Mori Cortex.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.836-843
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• 2005

Objective : Liver cirrhosis is a disease of the liver in which normal cells are replated by scar tissue. Chronic liver disease and liver cirrhosis are the foutth ranked causes of death in Korea. However, clinical data on liver cirrhosis is not accumulated in oriental medicine. Therefore, clinical characteristics of 33 liver patients admitted to Hana Oriental Hospital from May 2004 to May 2005 were studied. Methods : Clinical characteristics of liver cirrhosis, such sex, age, causes, Child-Pugh class, chief complain, abdomen ultrasonography, disease duration, past history, blood test and urinalysis were reviewed. Results : The results of this study were as follows: 1 The distribution of sex and age in our study is similar to already reported statistics. 2. Hepatitis B and alcohol are the major factors to cause the liver cirrhosis. Diabetes and hypertention contribute more to cause than they have in previous histories. 3. Major symptoms are following: fatigue 87.9%, ascites 84.8%, jaundice 78.8%, leg edema 72.7%, dyspepsia 45.5%. 4. Most liver cirrhosis patients have pancytopenia. Standard Deviation accentuates the big differences between total bilirubin and serum amonia. 5. In urinalysis, Urobilinogen 19 patients (57.6%), bilirubin 12 patients (36.4%), blood 15 patients (45.5%) are positive. 11 cases of 15 in blood positive results scored $3{\sim}4+$. Contusions : In oriental medicine, it will be necessary to research and develop oriental medical therapies for liver disease including liver cirrhosis.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the risk factors for the development of coronary artery lesions (CALs) and to determine whether hyponatremia is associated with CALs in children with Kawasaki disease (KD). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 105 children with KD who were admitted to Ilsan Hospital between January 2000 and July 2011. Results: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.013), total bilirubin levels (P = 0.017) were higher and serum sodium levels (P = 0.027) were lower in KD children with CALs than those without. White blood cell (WBC) counts (P = 0.006), neutrophil counts (P = 0.003) were higher and albumin levels (P = 0.009) were lower in KD children with hyponatremia than those without. On multiple logistic regression analysis, hyponatremia (P = 0.024) and intravenous immunoglobulin-resistance (P = 0.024) were independent risk factors for CALs in KD. Furthermore, serum sodium levels were correlated negatively with WBC counts (P = 0.004), neutrophil counts (P < 0.001), total bilirubin levels (P = 0.005) and positively with albumin levels (P = 0.009). Conclusion: Our study indicates that hyponatremia may reflect severe inflammation in children with KD.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2015

Purpose: Cholecystectomy is rarely performed in the child and adolescent. However, it is associated with several conditions. This study was conducted to describe the characteristics of pediatric patient who underwent cholecystectomy unrelated to hematologic disorders, and then to suggest its clinical significance in management by comparing a simple and complicated gallbladder disease. Methods: We reviewed cases of cholecystectomy in pediatric patients (under 18 years old) at a single institution between January 2003 and October 2014. There were 143 cases during the study period and 24 were selected as the subject group. Results: There were 7 male (29.2%) and 17 female (70.8%) patients. The mean age was 13.1 years old, and 66.6% of patients were older than 12 years. Mean body weight was 52.7 kg, and body mass index was $21.7kg/m^2$, with 41.7% of patients being overweight or obese. We could identify a female predominance and high proportion of overweight or obesity in a complicated disease. There were also significantly increased levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin in this group. Most patients (87.5%) underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Conclusion: Cholecystectomy for diseases unrelated to hematologic disorders is rarely performed in the child and adolescent. In general, female patients who are overweight or obese, and those older than 12 years old, require laparoscopic cholecystectomy owing to multiple gallstones. This condition has a tendency to show a complicated gallbladder disease and significantly increased levels of AST, ALT, ALP, and bilirubin.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.313-325
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• 1996

Experiments were undertaken to examine the ability of selenium to protect against alcohol and/or paraquat-induced hepatotoxicity and to examine the additive effect between alcohol and paraquat. Protective effect against hepatotoxic functions was measured in serum from alcohol(15% v/v), paraquat(200ppm), alcohol and paraquat, and combination of sodium selenite(4ppm) in drinking water-fed guinea pigs ad libitum for 4 weeks. A total of 68 healthy 7-weeks-old male animals were assigned at random to 8 treatment groups(9~13 animals/group). Body and liver weight losses, and high serum concentrations in aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT, in only paraquat group), $\gamma$-glutamyltranspeptidase($\gamma$-GTP), cholesterol(Cho), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen(BUN), total bilirubin(TB), direct bilirubin(DB), total protein(TP), albumin and globulin as well as low values in alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and glucose were produced in a groups of alcohol or paraquat-fed. These values were not potentiated in a group given the combination of alcohol plus paraquat. Morphological changes in the liver were also observed in the alcohol or paraquat-fed group. Lipid droplet and cell swelling in the hepatocytes were observed in alcohol-fed guinea pig, especially Mallory's hyaline arounded hepatic vein. In the paraquat-fed guinea pig, lipid droplet, pyknosis and karyolysis were observed. When alcohol or paraquat was combined with selenium-fed, hyperplasia of Kupffer cell in liver were observed. However, the mean ALT, $\gamma$-GTP, Cho, BUN, TB, TP, albumin and globulin values were lower in groups given the combination of alcohol and/or paraquat plus selenium, compared with groups given alcohol and/or paraquat. Also, the ratio of liver weight to body weight and ALP values(exception of paraquat plus selenium group) were increased by selenium. These results suggest that an adequate selenium confers marked protection against alcohol and paraquat-induced hepatotoxicity.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 1976

The clinical abuse of C.N.S. stimulants during recent years has directed particular attention. Effect of various organs other than C.N.S. was also extensively investigated with those agents. It has been shown that, although there is a wide variation in sensitivity between species, caffeine stimulates gastric secretion in man, cat, guinea pig and dog. Roth and Ivy(1944) reported that caffeine and histamine acted synergistically in stimulating gastric secretion in the cat. Vaille et al(1966) studied that production of pancreatic juice in the rat was enhanced, but bile secretion was not affected by caffeine. In clinical study the effect of chlorpromazine on the external pancreatic secretion in the 24 subjects, the volume fell more than 20% in 7 subjects. (Skajaa et al 1960) It is widely known that C.N.S. stimulants enhanced spontaneous motor activity in the mice, while tranquilizers depressed the activity. Woo (1975) reported that the group of mice treated with chlorpromazine showed markedly inhibited motor activity and in the group of mice treated with amphetamine, there was a significant increase in the motor activity. The purpose of the present experiment was to study the effects of C.N.S. stimulants and depressant on the exocrine pancreas, and on the spontaneous motor activity in the rats. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. In animals treated with xanthine derivatives, the volume of pancreatobiliary secretion was markedly increased. 2. Total bilirubin output was elevated markedly in the xanthine derivatives and imipramine treated animals. The bilirubin concentration was increased in xanthine derivatives treated group. 3. The concentration of cholate in the bile was decreased in the chlorpromazine treated group. 4. The activity of lipase in the pancreatobiliary juice was elevated markedly in the xanthine derivatives treated group only. 5. In the all experimental groups, the activity of amylase in pancreatobiliary juice was significantly elevated. 6. In the caffeine treated group, spontaneous motor activity was markedly increased in $30{\sim}60$ minutes, and the amphetamine treated group showed the increased motor activity in first 30 minutes. 7. The group of rats treated with chlorpromazine showed markedly inhibited motor activity after 30 minutes, and the imipramine treated group showed similar result but less inhibition.