• 자원환경지질
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.189-204
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• 1982

The Geodo mine is located in the southern limb of the Hambaeg syncline. Geology of the area consists of Paleozoic-Mesozoic sedimentary Rocks and Cretaceous igneous rocks. The important igneous rocks presumably related to skarnization and ore mineralization in the area, are the early granodiorite and the late porphyritic granodiorite. Two mineralogical types of ore deposits are recognized in the area. They are the Fe-Cu deposits in the Myobong formation and the Au-Bi-Cu deposits in the Hwajeol formation. Contact metamorphism due to granodiorite intrusion includes hornfelsization, exoskarnization and endoskarnization. Wall-rock alterations related to the Fe mineralization are grouped into the hydrothermal replacement skarnization and the hydrothermal filling skarnization. Another hydrothermal alteration is associated with the Cu mineralization. Various mineralogical analyses have been applied for the identification of minerals. They include optical microscopy, chemical analysis, etching test, X-ray diffraction, and infrared absorption spectroscopic analyses. The ore minerals in these ore deposits are classified into two groups;hypogene and supergene minerals. Hypogene minerals consist of magnetite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and chalcocite. Supergene minerals consist of chalcocite, bornite, and geothite. Ore minerals show various kinds of ore texture: open-space filling, exsolution, replacement, and cementation texture. The gangue minerals consist of quartz, diopside, epidote, garnet and plagioclase in the hornfelsic zone, garnet, diopside, scapolite, actinolite, sericite, chlorite, quartz, and calcite in the skarn zone, and, epidote, chlorite, sericite, quartz, and calcite in the late hydrothermal alteration zone. This study shows that the Fe-Cu deposits are of metasomatic pipe type with the later hydrothermal fillings, and the Au-Bi-Cu deposits are of hydrothermal fissure-filling type. The mineralization is probably related to the intrusion of porphyritic granite.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.826-831
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• 2018

본 연구는 다중 형광이 표지된 이중 분획 입자의 제조에 관한 것이다. 입자 내에서 형광 발현을 분획화하기 위하여, 형광의 여기 및 방출 스펙트럼의 중첩이 적은 두가지의 형광 염료를 선정한다. 또한, 형광 안정성을 확보하기 위하여 선정된 형광 염료는 입자를 구성하는 소재와 함께 가교될 수 있도록 분자 내에 아크릴레이트(acrylate) 작용기를 포함한다. 공초점 현미경 촬영을 통하여 선정된 형광 물질을 이용하여 제조된 입자에서 강한 형광 발현 및 형광의 분획화를 확인하였다. 더 나아가 4주 동안 형광 발현 및 세기를 측정하여 장기간의 형광 안정성을 검증하였다. 본 연구에서 제조된 다중 형광 표지된 이중 분획 입자는 다중 표적형 약물 전달 체계, 3차원 브라운 운동의 해석 연구, 3차원의 복잡한 자기 조립체 형상의 규명 연구 등에 널리 활용될 수 있으리라 기대한다.

• 감성과학
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 긍정감성과 부정감성을 각각 유발시키는 음향을 제시할 때에 반응자의 행동활성화체계(BAS)와 행동억제체계(BIS)의 개인차가 심박동변이도(HRV)에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 조사하기 위하여, BAS와 BIS 민감성의 고저에 따라 네 집단으로 분류된 25명의 대학생(남:14명)에게 명상음악과 소음을 제시하고 심전도를 측정하였다. 심전도로부터 HRV의 전력스펙트럼밀도를 유도하여 3개의 주된 주파수영역에 대한 HRV의 전력을 구하였다[저주파수(LF : low frequency), 중간주파수(MF : medium frequency), 고주파수(HF : high frequency)]. 그 결과, 명상음악을 제시한 경우 BIS와 BAS가 모두 낮은 집단에 비하여 BIS는 낮고 BAS가 높은 집단의 MF/(LF+HF)가 유의하게 높았다. 아울러, 전자의 집단에서 명상음악 청취시가 소음 청취시에 비하여 MF/(LF+HF)가 더 높은 경향을 보였으나, BIS가 높은 경우에는 BAS의 민감성에 관계없이 이러한 경향성을 보이지 않았다. 이 결과는 BIS는 낮고 BAS가 높은 집단은 다른 집단에 비하여 명상음악과 같은 긍정감성에 더 민감하며, MF/(LF+HF)는 긍정 및 부정감성을 평가할 수 있는 지표로 사용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.337-350
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• 1998

The purpose of this' study was to compare surface roughness and morphologic changes after use of various plaque control devices to titanium implant surfaces. The study materials were 6 ITI titanium implants($Bonefit^{(R)}$) and 5 plaque control devices. 6 implants were divided into 6 different groups and instrumented by each plaque control devices as follows. 1) Group I : untreated control 2) Group II : Titanium curette(Titanium $curette^{(R)}$, 3i) 80 vertical/horizontal strokes 3) Group III : Plastic curette($Implacare^{(R)}$, Hu-Friedy) 80 vertical/horizontal strokes 4) Group N : Plastic tip-ultrasonic scaler($Amdent^{(R)}$, Amdent) 160 seconds 5) Group V : Rotating interdental brush($Identobrush^{(R)}$, Identoflex) 160 seconds 6) Group VI : Abrasive rubber cup polisher($Zircate^{(R)}$, Prophy paste, Dentsply) 160 sec-onds. All specimens were prepared for evaluation by surface roughness tester, optical stereomicroscopy(OM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The Ra and Rt mean values of the tested specimens were 1) Group I ($Ra=0.170{\pm}0.007{\mu}m$, $Rt=1.297{\pm}0.016{\mu}m$) 2) Group II ($Ra=0.209{\pm}0.006{\mu}m$, $Rt=1.602{\pm}0.110{\mu}m$) 3) Group III ($Ra=0.179{\pm}0.001{\mu}m$, $Rt=1.429{\pm}0.055{\mu}m$) 4) Group IV ($Ra=0.182{\pm}0.005{\mu}m$, $Rt=1.511{\pm}0.085{\mu}m$) 5) Group V ($Ra=0.301{\pm}0.008{\mu}m$, $Rt=1.882{\pm}0.131{\mu}m$) 6) Group VI ($Ra=0.147{\pm}0.010{\mu}m$, $Rt=1.059{\pm}0.021{\mu}m$) In Ra values, experimental group II, V, VI were statistically significant different when compared with control. OM and SEM observation showed that experimental group III, IV were minimal changes when compared with control and group VI was smoothest among other experimental groups. The results suggested that plastic curette and plastic tip-ultrasonic scaler were predictable devices to titanium implant surface.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 1996

Reaction of carbonyl compounds with diisopinocampheylhaloboranes (Ipc2BX,X=Cl, Br, I) was investigated in detail in order to establish their usefulness as selective reducing agents. The reagents reduced aldehydes and ketones to the corresponding alcohols. The reactivities are in the order of Ipc2BCl Ipc2BBr>Ipc2BI.The reagents also reduced ${\alpha}{\beta}-unsaturated$, aldehydes and ketones to the corresponding allylic alcohols without any detectable 1,4-reduction. Especially, the chloro derivative nicely achieved the selective reduction of aldehyde or ketone groups in the presence of many other functional groups. The most remarkable result of this investigation is that aldehydes and ketones can be selectively reduced in the presence of acid chlorides.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.567-572
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• 2010

The objective was to assess the concentrations of Vitamins A and E in blood of growing lambs infected or not with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) and fed a diet containing clinoptilolite. Twenty-four male lambs were used. A $2{\times}2$ factorial design consisting of two feeding treatments (B and Z) and two levels of parasitic status, infected (I) and uninfected (U) was used. Lambs were randomly assigned to one of four (n = 6), groups: BU (basal-uninfected), BI (basal-infected), ZU (zeolite-uninfected) and ZI (zeoliteinfected). Lambs of groups BI and ZI were infected with a single dose of 15,000 $L_3$ larvae of GIN. Blood samples were collected from individual animals at the start of the experiment and, thereafter, at 15-day intervals. The average blood serum vitamin A and vitamin E, concentration in lambs (mean${\pm}$SD) was 0.25${\pm}$0.090 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 1.59${\pm}$0.769 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Lambs fed Z diet had higher values of vitamin A (p<0.001), but lower values of vitamin E (p<0.01) when compared with those fed B diet.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.23-48
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• 2018

SK group has been a pioneer in overall brand management and, more recently, in CSR-imbedded brand management. SK vision of "improving itself to give greater happiness to all of its customers" and the symbol mark of "Wings of Happiness" are some good examples of integrating distinct brand identities of various member companies. After impressive growth and expansions into diverse business areas, SK group is ranked as the third largest company based on asset amounts according to the Fair Trade Commission of Korea, only after Samsung and Hyundai Motor groups. SK brand management can be analyzed, using the framework of 4 stages - 'infrastructure', 'planning', 'doing', and 'seeing' stages. In order to secure 'infrastructure' of brand management system, SK has invested huge resources to the 'SK BMS' (SK Brand Management System). At the 'planning' stage, the most important task of SK like other Korean business groups is perhaps to adopt a well-organized 'brand identity (BI) system' which may consolidate brand values of individual member companies. In actuality, SK BI consists of Customer Happiness located at the center and 3 other elements of Pride, Professionalism, and Customer-orientation. At the 'doing' stage, the slogan of 'OK! SK' and the logo of 'Wings of Happiness' have been placed at the core of the SK group brand building programs. SK adopts the principle of 'independent yet united', pinpointing that each member company independently works for its business performance but it is, at the same time, encouraged to integrate its capabilities for the SK group brand. In addition, SK has sought 'shared growth' with business partners for happiness for all the members in the society. 'Social Contribution Philosophy' based on SK value of 'creation of greater happiness' is again one of the most important guidelines for CSR (corporate social responsibility) at the doing stage. At the seeing stage, SK regularly evaluates its branding programs. SK has shown some very impressive achievements in brand management: (1) a core identity of 'Customer Happiness' participating member companies may share, (2) harmonious relationships between the group brand management office and brand management divisions of member companies, and (3) consistency-keeping in brand management over time. However, there remain two major challenges: (1) globalization of SK and (2) reinforcing sustainable superiority over not only Korean rivals but also global ones.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.321-334
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• 2017

Process surveillance within agricultural biogas plants (BGPs) was concurrently studied by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and an optimized quantitative microscopic fingerprinting (QMF) technique. In contrast to 16S rRNA gene amplicons, digitalized microscopy is a rapid and cost-effective method that facilitates enumeration and morphological differentiation of the most significant groups of methanogens regarding their shape and characteristic autofluorescent factor 420. Moreover, the fluorescence signal mirrors cell vitality. In this study, four different BGPs were investigated. The results indicated stable process performance in the mesophilic BGPs and in the thermophilic reactor. Bacterial subcommunity characterization revealed significant differences between the four BGPs. Most remarkably, the genera Defluviitoga and Halocella dominated the thermophilic bacterial subcommunity, whereas members of another taxon, Syntrophaceticus, were found to be abundant in the mesophilic BGP. The domain Archaea was dominated by the genus Methanoculleus in all four BGPs, followed by Methanosaeta in BGP1 and BGP3. In contrast, Methanothermobacter members were highly abundant in the thermophilic BGP4. Furthermore, a high consistency between the sequencing approach and the QMF method was shown, especially for the thermophilic BGP. The differences elucidated that using this biphasic approach for mesophilic BGPs provided novel insights regarding disaggregated single cells of Methanosarcina and Methanosaeta species. Both dominated the archaeal subcommunity and replaced coccoid Methanoculleus members belonging to the same group of Methanomicrobiales that have been frequently observed in similar BGPs. This work demonstrates that combining QMF and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing is a complementary strategy to describe archaeal community structures within biogas processes.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.153-163
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 운전자 별로 생활 중에 이동하는 주행 도로의 특징 및 교통상황이 서로 다르며 운전습관이 상이함을 고려하여, 운전자 혹은 운전자 그룹별 기계학습모형을 구성하고, 학습된 모델을 분석하여 운전자의 주행모드 별 특징을 탐색하여 자율 주행 자동차를 시뮬레이션 하였다. 운전지식을 활용하여 주행조작 전후 센서의 동작 상황에 따라 8종류의 종방향 모드와 4종류 회전모드로 구분하고, 종방향 모드와 회전모드를 결합한 21개의 결합형 주행모드로 세분화 하였다. 주행모드가 레이블 된 시계열 데이터에 대해 딥러닝 지도학습 모델인 RNN (Recurrent Neural Network), LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory), Bi-LSTM 모델을 활용하여서 운전자 별 혹은 운전자 그룹별 주행데이터를 학습하고, 학습된 모델을 테스트 데이터 셋에서 주행 모드인식률을 검증하였다. 실험 데이터는 미국 VTTI 기관에서 수집된 22명의 운전자의 1,500개의 실생활 주행 데이터가 사용되었다. 주행 모드 인식에 있어, 데이터 셋에 대해 Bi-LSTM 모델이 RNN, LSTM 모델에 비해 향상된 성능을 보였으며, 최대 93.41%의 주행모드 인식률을 확인하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집C
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• pp.464-469
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• 2001

This work provides the biomechanical evaluations of a manual wheelchair with a bi-directional driving system. The new propulsion strategy can be accomplished by employing a special gear system that converts the oscillatory motion of a handrim into the unidirectional output motion of a wheel. A main feature of the forward. backward propulsion is to supply continuous driving torque without break. Motion. analysis has been performed through 2-dimensional image processing for measuring the kinematic properties of the upper arm and fore arm. Then, the inverse dynamics analysis has been done for obtaining the joint torques, the handrim forces and input/output powers. Results show that the output power by the forward. reverse propulsion is almost twice as much as that by conventional propulsion. Also, the new propulsion is expected to reduce the fatigues and injuries at arm joints by employing more muscle groups for movement. In conclusion, the forward. reverse propulsion can greatly improve the performances of manual wheelchairs by providing better mobility as well as by guaranteeing several advantages from a biomechanical viewpoint. Future development of a manual wheelchair optimized for the bi-directional propulsion will further improve the propulsion performances.