• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.637-647
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• 2016

Purpose: This research was to understand the consumer awareness and consumption of natural carbonated drinks in Korea. Methods: A survey was conducted enrolling adults over the age of 20, residing in Seoul and its metropolitan area, and who consumed natural carbonated drinks. Data analysis of 544 valid samples was performed using SPSS 17.0. Results: The study showed that consumers mostly purchased natural carbonated water the most, primarily as a water substitute. However, many other usages that the consumer selected showed a possibility for a more versatile usages of natural carbonated drinks. As for the reason of purchase, 'interest in a new product' showed the highest mean value. The factor 'interest in a new product', 'interest in its effectiveness on skin care and diet', 'lower-calorie products', 'health benefits from the usage of natural flavoring and coloring' and 'recommendation from acquaintances' showed statistically significant higher values for women than men. The most frequent and preferred location for purchase were large discount stores, and the most preferred, major informants were in the order 'tasting events at marts and department stores', 'TV/radio advertisement' and 'recommendations from family/friends'. Analysis of the purchase intent showed high interest for non-alcoholic natural carbonated drinks. Conclusion: The study results can be used as baseline data to establish marketing strategies in the emerging natural carbonated beverage market.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.375-382
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• 1997

This study was performed to evaluate the nutrient intake status according to coffee intake among Korean female college students. Two-hundred subjects were asked for their daily coffee intake using a questionnaire. Daily intakes of nutrients and food groups were calculated 3-day food records. The mean height and weight of the subjects were 161.6cm and 51.2kg. The mean daily intake of coffee and milk were 0.5 and 0.6 cups, respectively. When nutrient intake was compared to RDA for Koreans, intakes of energy, iron, vitamin A were short of recommendations. The mean intakes of calcium, sodium, vitamin B$_2$ in BMI＜20 group were significantly higher than those in BMI $\geq$20 group. The mean intakes of calcium and phosphorous in no-coffee group were significantly higher than those in $\geq$2 cup-coffee group. The mean intake of beverage and others significantly increased as the level of coffee intake was increased. However, intake of milk and its product decreased. There were significantly negative correlation between coffee and calcium intake, and positive correlation between milk and calcium intake. These results indicate that coffee consumption decreases calcium intake because of decrement of milk and its products. Therefore, it could be suggested that there is increased need for nutritional education on proper eating patterns for female college students.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.75-91
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in dietary life, lifestyle factors, and stress status of Chinese students who came to study abroad to South Korea. A total of 143 Chinese students were recruited from Seoul Women's University and Wonkwang University in 2013. We used SPSS 20 for statistical analyses in this study. The mean length of residence was 2.9 years for Chinese students. Most subjects aged 20~29 years immigrated to South Korea to obtain an academic degree (bachelor, master, or doctorate). We found a significant decrease in the frequency of eating fruits and vegetables among Chinese students in South Korea after migration. Further, there was a significant increase in fast food consumption and frequency of late-night snacking and eating out. In addition, their preferred beverage changed from soft drink or tea to coffee after migration. Stress level significantly (P<0.05) increased in male students compared to female students. The high stress group watched more TV when eating compared to the low stress group. In addition, there were more students who perceived their health status as bad in the high stress group. Overall results give us useful information for targeting the most vulnerable subjects and planning nutrition intervention programs.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.363-375
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• 2023

Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with adolescent obesity, as well as any new factors that correlated with a change in the rate of obesity over time. Methods: The study used 5-yearly data collected by the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey starting from the year 2006 up until 2021 (data from 2nd, 7th, 11th, and 17th surveys were analyzed). Factors such as demographics, dietary factors, health behavioral factors, and mental health factors were studied. All data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 27.0, employing chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: This study included data from a total of 255,200 participants. Factors contributing to obesity varied with time. Over the survey duration of 15 years, low academic achievement, parents with low levels of education, low frequency of fruit consumption, low frequency of fast food intake, long periods of being seated, and high levels of stress were significantly associated with a high rate of obesity. Factors that showed a new correlation with an increase in obesity rates included living with single parents, low frequency of muscle strengthening exercises, and experiencing intense sadness and despair in the past year. Factors that were correlated with a change in obesity rates over time included household economic status, frequency of carbonated beverage consumption, frequency of intense physical activity, and frequency of alcohol consumption. Breakfast intake and smoking were not significantly associated with obesity rates in the 15-year period. Conclusions: While several factors associated with obesity remained consistent over time, several new factors have emerged in response to social, economic, and environmental changes contributed to a change in obesity rate over time. Therefore, to prevent and manage adolescent obesity, continuous research into the new emergent factors contributing to obesity is needed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.204-208
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• 2012

Objectives: To investigate whether caffeine intake is associated with urinary incontinence (UI) among Japanese adults. Methods: A total of 683 men and 298 women aged 40 to 75 years were recruited from the community in middle and southern Japan. A validated food frequency questionnaire was administered face-to-face to obtain information on dietary intake and habitual beverage consumption. Urinary incontinence status was ascertained using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form. Results: Mean daily caffeine intake was found to be similar between incontinent subjects (men 120 mg, women 94 mg) and others without the condition (men 106 mg, women 103 mg), $p$=0.33 for men and $p$=0.44 for women. The slight increases in risk of UI at the highest level of caffeine intake were not significant after adjusting for confounding factors. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) were 1.36 (0.65 to 2.88) and 1.12 (0.57 to 2.22) for men and women, respectively. Conclusions: No association was evident between caffeine intake and UI in middle-aged and older Japanese adults. Further studies are required to confirm the effect of caffeine in the prevention of UI.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.103-106
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• 2016

태국의 플라스틱 소비는 포장분야 49%, 직물 15%, 건설 11%, 전기전자가 10% 순으로 나타났다. 종사자는 106천명이며 공장생산 용량대비 실제 생산은 85%이고 식품포장용 플라스틱수지 수요는 월간 135천톤에 달한다. 업종별 제조사는 필름가공업체가 503개 공장으로 전체의 39%를 점하며 인젝션 몰딩 사가 231개로 18%, 블로우 몰딩 사가 216개사로 17% 순으로 나타났다. 주요 수지들의 생산은 PP는 총 1,950천톤을 생산하였으며, LDPE는 685천톤을 LLDPE는 1,150천톤을 생산하였고, HDPE는 1,920천톤을 생산한 것으로 나타났다. 플라스틱 수입은 16,668백만 바트였고 수출은 33,778백만 바트로 수출액이 2배 이상 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2001

본 연구는 1996년부터 대구광역시 달성군 보건소와 협동을 수행한 달성군 노인추적 조사(Dalsung Elderly Follow-up Study)의 일부 결과로 달성군내 거주하는 반 60~64세 남자노인 416명(44.1%), 여자노인 528명(55.9%)으로 총 944명을 대상으로 농촌 사회의 노인에서의 음주 양상과 고혈압과의 관계를 알아봄으로써 고혈압을 비롯한 심혈관계질환의 선행요인이 되는 음주의 건강 유해를 간접적으로 평가하고자하는 것으로 알콜소비양상과 혈압과의 관련성에서 음주의 양상이 혈압에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자한 것이다. 조사는 보건진료소의 간호사 및 간호조무사 자격취득 공무원이 직접 면담으로 일대일 면담형식으로 1996년 4월부터 9월 사이에 조사되었다. 분석결과를 식사 전 공복에 해장술을 먹는 사람의 분포, 일일 평균 음주량, 월 음주빈도, 1회 음주시 음주량, 선호하는 술의 종류, 음주기간 등 모두 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 성별, 연령별 수축기 및 확장기 혈압의 평균치를 살펴보면, 성별로 혈압의 차이는 없었다. 각 연령대별로 성별로 혈압을 64세에서, 확장기 혈압은 60세에서 유의한 차이가 64세에서, 확장기 혈압은 60세에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 같은 성에서 연령군별로 비료를 하였을 때, 남자에서는 수축기 혈압에서 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 여자에서는 수축기 혈압에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 음주자에서 음주양상에 따른 일평균 음주량 분포를 살펴보면 먼저 아침식사전 음주자 즉, 공복시 해장술 유무와 월 음주빈도, 일회음주량의 분포에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 또한 선호하는 술의 종류, 음주기간 간에 일평균 음주량 분포도 유익한 차이가 있었다. 음주 행태에 따른 수축기 혈압 및 다른 공변수를 통제한 조정된 수축기 혈압을 비교하면 공변수 조정 선에서는 음주유무, 아침식사전 음주유무, 선호하는 음주의 종류, 등에서 유의한 차이를 보였으나(p<0.05) 공변수 조정후에는 음주유무, 아침식사전 음주에서만 유의한 차이가 있었으며(p<0.05), 음주 행태에 따른 공변수 조정전후 확장기 혈압을 살펴보면 조정전에서는 선호하는 음주 종류에서 유의한 차이는 있었으나(p<0.05), 공변수를 조정한 후에는 유의한 차이는 없었다. 회귀분석 결과, 모형 1에서 수축기 혈압을 종속변수로 하였을 때 유의한 변수로 선택된 것은 연령, 교육수준 및 순환기계질환을 의미하는 과거 병력 등이었으며, 확장기 혈압에서는 교육수준, 체질량지수, 과거병력 등이었다. 모형 2에서 수축기 혈압을 종속변수로 하였을때 과거병력이 유의한 기여변수로 선택되었고, 확장기 혈압에서는 체질량지수와 과거병력이 유의한 변수로 도출되어 음주양상 변수는 선택되지 않았다. 선행연구에서 밝혀진 일일 음주량과 혈압과의 정의 관련성이 본 연구에서는 도출되지 않았다. 이러한 연구결과들은 지금까지 연구된 음주와 고혈압의 보건 및 임상적 관련성과는 다소 거리가 있는 결과를 보임으로 음주양상이 건강에 미치는 중요한 영향를 더욱 모호하게 한다. 따라서 추후 이러한 소견은 재검정되어야 할 필요가 있으므로 음주로 인한 혈압의 변화에 미치는 다양한 변수를 고려하고, 음주양상을 측정하고 분석하는 방법들을 도입한 연구들이 뒤따라야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.318-327
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• 2008

This study examined the cultural dietary habits as well as attitudes toward food, within other life pattern elements, of students living in Gwangju City and Chonnam Province, Korea. Questionnaires from 1,000 student respondents were analyzed. The survey consisted of questions regarding physical condition and health status, dietary consciousness, food preference, knowledge of food and nutrition, and dietary culture. The results showed that 1.6% of the students considered their own physical condition to be extremely poor, and 2.7% and 2.1% also considered their father's and mother's physical conditions as extremely poor, respectively. Among the respondents, 18.3% were smokers and consumed an average of 14.8 cigarettes per day. With regard to their dietary habits, the students answered that they preferred to eat meals with friends rather than with family members, fruit was chosen for eating over health food supplements, and there was very little participation or interest in various food and cultural festivals. The female students had a tendency to alleviate mental stresses by eating, while the male students performed more physical activity to deal with stress. The female students also preferred cereal, fruit, fast food, and sweetened foods more than the male students. Between the smokers and non-smokers, significantly more non-smokers chose fruit (p<0.01), ethnic foods (p<0.05), and sweetened foods (p<0.05) as compared to the smokers. Body mass index (BMI) had significant positive correlations with soft drink (p<0.01), health food supplement (p<0.01), and alcoholic beverage (p<0.001) consumption, while BMI was negatively correlated with cereal (p<0.01), fruit (p<0.001), and sweetened food (p<0.01) intake. The health status of students was positively correlated with their father's health status (p<0.01), mother's health status (p<0.001), and BMI (p<0.05), as well as cereal (p<0.001), high protein side dish (p<0.01), fruit (p<0.01), vegetable (p<0.01), and traditional food (p<0.001) intake. The average body weight for female students was approximately 5 kg less than the Korean Nutrition Society's standardized weight, therefore, it is strongly recommended that measures be taken to develop a systematic nutrition education program that would help those students who often unintentionally skip breakfast or go on extreme diets to improve body image.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.217-230
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• 2023

본 연구는 성인영양지수 조사지를 바탕으로 북한이탈주민의 전반적인 식사의 질을 평가하고자 진행되었다. 특히 연령대별 식품 섭취 빈도와 식습관 및 식행동, 영양 지수의 차이를 분석하였다. 대상자는 서울 및 경기 일부 지역의 만 19-64세 성인 166명을 대상으로 진행되었으며 각 연령대별로 20대 41명, 30대 41명, 40대 41명, 50대이상 43명으로 연령대를 평준화하였다. 연령대가 낮을수록 라면, 패스트푸드, 과자 (초콜릿, 사탕 포함), 달거나 기름진 빵 (케이크, 도넛, 단팥빵 등), 가당 음료 등 고에너지 식품 섭취 빈도와 외식, 야식 섭취 비율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 20대 연령대에서 총점 NQ, 절제 영역 총 점수가 낮고 등급은 '하'로 판정된 비율이 높았다. 50대 연령대에서 절제영역의 점수가 높게 나타난 원인은 라면, 패스트푸드, 과자, 달거나 기름진 빵, 가당 음료 등과 같은 고에너지 식품 섭취 빈도도 낮기 때문인데, 이는 이 집단이 절제력있는 식사를 하고 있는 것으로 비춰질 수도 있으나 중년층에서 패스트푸드, 라면과 같은 식품의 기호도가 낮아 아예 섭취 고려 대상이 아니라는 점에 주목해야 한다. 본 연구에서 주목해야 할 점은 연령이 낮을수록 식사의 질이 매우 열악하게 나타나 식사의 질 개선을 위한 맞춤형 영양 교육 프로그램 개발 및 보급의 필요성을 시사한다. 이에 본 연구의 결과와 시사점이 북한이탈주민의 건강 증진을 위한 영양 교육과 이를 위한 정책 마련의 기초자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.218-236
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• 1995

The author studied prognostic indicators of sixty Korean male alcoholics in psychological, social and biological aspects who were divided into abstinent and drinking groups. Thirty patients were assigned to each group. They were controlled in age and sex. Both groups were compared in terms of the demographic characteristics, past drinking history, treatment history, famaily history, ego strength and personality factors differences and distribution of dopamine $D_2$ receptor gene Al allele. Also the author studied relation of clinical course, alcoholic family history and dopamine $D_2$ receptor gene Al allele in both groups. The results were as follows; 1) The abstinent group had higher rate of married state, higher economic status, longer education years and maintained more stable job than the drinking group. But made no differences in occupation and religion. 2) The abstinent group showed higher rate of living with family members than the drinking group, and wives and fellows of the alcoholics anonymous were important factors for maintenance of abstinence. Family loading and parent's characters were not different. 3) The abstinent group had longer maximal length of abstinence but mean amount of alcohol consumption per day were larger than the drinking group. But there were no differences in duration of past drinking, drinking pattern, main drinking time, first drinking age and preference of the kind of alcoholic beverage in the past drinking history. 4) The abstinent group showed stronger treatment motivation, absolute abstinence in treatment goal, more voluntary adimission and maintained longer therapeutic relationship otter discharge than the drinking group. But both groups showed negative attitude toward antabuse therapy. 5) The abstinent group had higher mean score in ego strength scale than the drinking group. 6) In the personality factor questionnaire, the abstinent group showed strong laugh poise and the trait of praxernia, conservatism personality but the drinking group showed tough poise, the trait of weak ego strength(unstableness) and tough mindedness personality. 7) In comparision of dopamine $D_2$ receptor gene A1 allele, the prevalence of A1 allele was seventy percent and the frequency was 0.38 in the abstinent group. The prevalence of A1 allele was sixty percent and the frequency was 0.42 in the drinking group. Both groups were not significantly different in A1 allele prevalence and frequency. 8) In comparision of dopamine $D_2$ receptor gene A1 allele according to alcoholic family history, the prevalence of A1 allele was seventy percent and the frequency was 0.43 in the family history positive group. The prevalence of A1 allele was sixty-one percent and the frequency was 0.38 in the family history negative group. Both groups were not significantly different in A1 allele prevalence and frequency. In comparision of past drinking history according to alcoholic family history, the family history positive group showed earlier first drinking and problem drinking, but the family history negative group hod longer duration of past drinking. The mean amount of alcohol consumption per day, the longest duration of abstinence and Alcoholism Screening Test of Seoul Natoinal Mental Hospital(NAST) results were not significant. In conclusion, the results suggest that successful prognostic indicators of Korean alcoholics are married state, higher economic status, longer education years, stable job, living with family members, longer abstinence during past drinking history, strong treatment motivation, absolute abstinence in treatment goal, voluntary adimission, maintained therapeufic relationship, strong ego strength and the trait of praxernia, conservatism personality. But occupation, religion, alcoholic family history, parent's characters, duration of past drinking, drinking pattern, main drinking time, first drinking age, preference of the kind of alcoholic beverage, attitude to antabuse therapy and distribution of dopamine $D_2$ receptor A1 allele were not significantly related to the prognostic indicators of Korean alcoholics.