• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권24호
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• pp.10819-10824
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• 2015

Aims: To explore the effect and probable mechanism of a synthetic retinoid 4-amino-2-tri-fluoromethylphenyl ester (ATPR) on apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Materials and Methods: MTT assays were performed to measure the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells treated with different concentrations of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and ATPR. Morphologic changes were observed by microscopy. The apoptosis rates and cell cycling of MDA-MB-231 cells treated with ATRA or ATPR were assessed using flow cytometry analysis. Expression of retinoic acid receptor and phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, p38 proteins were detected by Western blotting. Results: Treatment of the cells with the addition of $15{\mu}mol/L$ ATPR for 48 h clearly demonstrated reduced cell numbers and deformed cells, whereas no changes in the number and morphology were observed after treatment with ATRA. The apoptosis rate was 33.2% after breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells were treated by ATPR ($15{\mu}mol/L$) whereas ATRA ($15{\mu}mol/L$) had no apoptotic effect. ATPR inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 while ATRA had no significant effect. ATPR inhibited the expression of BiP and increased the expression of Chop at the protein level compared with control groups, ATRA and ATPR both decreased the protein expression of $RXR{\alpha}$, ATPR reduced the protein expression of $RAR{\beta}$ and $RXR{\beta}$ while ATRA did not decrease $RAR{\beta}$ or $RXR{\beta}$. Conclusions: ATPR could induce apoptosis of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, possible mechanisms being binding to $RAR{\beta}/RXR{\beta}$ heterodimers, then activation of ER stress involving the MAPK pathway.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 1992

Higenamine is an Aconiti tuber derived compound whose chemical structure is 1-(4'-hydroxybenzyl)-6, 7-dihydroxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinoline containing catechol ring and tetrahydroisoquinoline nucleus in its own structure, both of which are well known to have agonistic effects on adrenergic receptors. Using guinea-pig atria(rich in ${\beta}_1$-receptor) and treachea(rich in ${\beta}_2$-receptor), we studied pharmacological actions of higenamine on these organs with special interest of its relevancy of ${\beta}$-receptor selectivity. In order to further clarify its pharmacological characteristics, the influncences of pretreatment of reserpine or cocaine were also investigated. The results were summarized as follows : 1. Higenamine had remarkable chronotropic, inotropic and bronchodilator effects in guinea-pig spontaneously beating right atria, left atria and trachea, in dose-dependent manners. 2. All of above actions were blocked competitively by propranolol, which shows nonselectivity of higenamine on ${\beta}$-receptor. $pA_2$ values of propranolol against higenamine were 7.93, 7.76 and 8.46 in guinea-pig right atria, left atria and treachea, respectively. 3. Reserpine pretreatment(5mg/kg, ip, 24h) did not show my decrease in pharmacological actions of higenamine, which suggests higenamine has direct action on ${\beta}$-receptor not via catecholamine release. 4. Cocaine pretreatment$(1{\mu}M)$ had no influence on pharmacological actions of higenamine in contrast with nor epinephrine, which suggests there is no neuronal uptake mechanism of higenamine in the studied organ preparations.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.689-695
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of concentrated growth factors (CGFs) on human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. Blood was collected from three male volunteers (average age 27 years). CGFs were prepared using standard protocols. The CGF exudates were collected at the following culture time points: 1, 7, 14, and 21 days. The levels of platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) and transforming growth factor ${\beta}1$ (TGF-${\beta}1$) in CGFs were quantified. The CGF exudates were then used to culture human gingival fibroblasts. The biologic characteristics of these fibroblasts were analyzed in vitro for 21 days. Platelet-rich plasma released the highest amounts of TGF-${\beta}1$ and PDGF-BB on the first day. The level of TGF-${\beta}1$ had decreased slightly by day 7, although the difference compared to levels at day 1 was not statistically significant. However, by days 14 and 21, levels of TGF-${\beta}1$ had dropped significantly compared to day 1 levels. The levels of PDGF-BB at days 7, 14, and 21 did not differ significantly from that measured on day 1. CGFs maintained the release of autologous growth factors for a reasonable period of time (7 days for TGF-${\beta}1$ and 21 days for PDGF-BB). Gingival fibroblasts treated with CGF exudates collected at day 14 reached peak viability and synthesized type I collagen. Furthermore, the CGF exudates exerted positive effects on the proliferation and differentiation of these cells at days 1, 7, 14, and 21. The findings of this study suggest that treatment with CGFs represents a promising method of enhancing mucosal healing following surgical procedures.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.82-93
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and the effect of PTSD on quality of life (QoL) among coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Methods: The participants were 135 CAD patients who visited outpatient clinics in a university hospital in B city of Korea. Their PTSD symptoms and QoL were measured by structured questionnaires and analyzed with multiple hierarchical regression analysis. Results: Among the 135 participants, 20.7% were classified as moderate risk, and 3.7% as high risk for PTSD. PTSD symptoms were significantly higher in participants who were diagnosed with CAD within 6 months (t=26.02, p<.001). The physical component of health-related QoL was influenced by gender (${\beta}=-.25$, p =.003), recurrence of CAD (${\beta}=.21$, p =.008), and PTSD symptoms (${\beta}=-.33$, p <.001). The mental component of health-related QoL was influenced by religion (${\beta}=-.17$, p =.044), body mass index (${\beta}=.17$, p =.033), and PTSD symptoms (${\beta}=-.37$, p <.001). Conclusion: Patients who had had a CAD diagnosis for less than 6 months were found to be vulnerable to PTSD, and PTSD was found to have a negative impact on the physical and mental components of their QoL. It is necessary to develop an intervention program for the effective prevention and management of PTSD symptoms in patients with CAD.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2010

The volatile aroma of fresh leaves is one of main factor in taste of all the edible green plants. The volatile aroma in almost edible green leaves are suggested as essential oil compounds. Ligularia fischeri, Synurus deltoides, Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis and Aster scaber are one of the favourable edible green plants in Korea. In this study, volatile aroma compounds from Ligularia fischeri and Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis species were analyzed by the SPME/GC/MSD method. Ligularia fischeri had 78 volatile aroma compounds such as D-limonene(20.28%), ${\alpha}$-pinene(dextro, 14.15%), L-${\beta}$-pinene(12.85%), 3-carene, ${\beta}$-cubebene(10.39%), etc. Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis had 83 volatile aroma compounds such as D-limonene(36.97%), ${\beta}$-cubebene(13.95%), L-${\beta}$-pinene(13.38%), ${\alpha}$-pinene(dextro, 4.76%), caryophylle-ne(3.33%) etc. Conclusively, the commom volatile aroma compounds in Ligularia fischeri and Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis leaves were D-limonene, ${\alpha}$-pinene, L-${\beta}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-cubebene, Caryophyllene, ${\alpha}$-farnesene, terpinolen. However, the composition and amount of volatile aroma compounds were very different between the two species.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.552-557
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• 2009

Objective : Interferon-$\beta$, (IFN-$\beta$) has been used in the treatment of cancers. Inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) with celecoxib had a significantly suppressive effect on tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis in a variety of tumors. The aim of this study was to elucidate the antiglioma effect of combined treatment with IFN-$\beta$ and celecoxib in U87 glioma model. Methods : The in vitro effects of IFN-$\beta$ (50-1,000 IU/mL) and celecoxib ($50-250\;{\mu}M$) alone or combination of both on the proliferation and apoptosis of U87 cells were tested using MTT assay, FACS analysis and DNA condensation. To determine the in vivo effect, nude mice bearing intracerebral U87 xenograft inoculation were treated with IFN-$\beta$ intraperitoneally ($2{\times}10^5\;IU/day$ for 15 days), celecoxib orally (5, 10 mg/kg) or their combination. Results : IFN-$\beta$ or celecoxib showed an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of U87 cells. When U87 cells were treated with IFN-$\beta$ and celecoxib combination, it seemed that IFN-$\beta$ interrupted the antiproliferative and apoptotic activity of celecoxib. No additive effect was observed on the survival of the tumor bearing mice by the combination of IFN-$\beta$ and celecoxib. Conclusion : These results suggest that IFN-$\beta$ seems to inhibit the antiglioma effect of celecoxib, therefore combination of IFN-$\beta$ and celecoxib may be undesirable in the treatment of glioma.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.675-683
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• 2003

This study investigated the effect of dietary $\beta$-carotene supplementation on lipid peroxidation and anti oxidative enzyme activity as indices of oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Fifty Sprague-Dawley male rats aging 7 weeks were used as experimental animals, which were divided into the non-diabetic control group and the diabetic group. The diabetic group received an intraperitoneal injection with streptozotocin to induce diabetes. Then the diabetic rats were divided into four dietary groups which contained different amounts of $\beta$-carotene; 0%, 0.002%, 0.02%, or 0.2% of the diet. The diabetic rats were fed the experimental diets and the non-diabetic rats were fed the basal diet without $\beta$-carotene supplementation for 2 weeks and then sacrificed. The diabetic group had a significantly higher blood glucose level than the non-diabetic group. However, blood glucose level were not significantly changed by the level of dietary $\beta$-carotene supplementation. Compared to the non-diabetic control group, the diabetic control group indicated a significant increase of plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS). Liver TBARS level also tended to be higher in diabetic control group, although it was not significant. The $\beta$-carotene supplementation did not reduce plasma TBARS level. However, Liver TBARS level was significantly decreased when 0.02% or more $\beta$-carotene was supplemented in the diet. The liver lipofuscin level in the diabetic control group was higher than in the non-diabetic control group, but the effect of $\beta$-carotene supplementation did not show any differences. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly lower in the diabetic group, but it was increased in groups receiving 0.02% or more $\beta$-carotene. Compared to the non-diabetic control group, lower activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase were observed in the diabetic control group, although it was not significant. Catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities tended to increase as the levels of $\beta$-carotene supplementation increased, although it was not statistically significant. Therefore, it seems that dietary $\beta$-carotene supplementation might reduce diabetic complications by partly decreasing the lipid peroxidation and increasing the activity of antioxidative enzyme in diabetes.

• 한국키틴키토산학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.220-227
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• 2018

Amyloid plaque is a product of aggregation of ${\beta}$-amyloid peptide ($A{\beta}$) and is an important factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). $A{\beta}$ is a major component of amyloid plaque and vascular deposits in the AD brain. The enzyme ${\beta}$-secretase is required for the production of $A{\beta}$; thus, prevention of the formation of $A{\beta}$ through the inhibition of ${\beta}$-secretase is a major focus in the study of the treatment of AD. In this study, we investigated ${\beta}$-secretase inhibitory activity of an Arctoscopus japonicus peptide. An Alcalase hydrolysate had the highest ${\beta}$-secretase inhibitory activity. A ${\beta}$-secretase inhibitory activity peptide was separated using ion exchange column chromatography (carboxy-methyl: CM, quaternary methyl ammonium: QMA) and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) on a C18 column. The $IC_{50}$ value of the purified peptide was $248.2{\pm}1.73{\mu}g/mL$. The ${\beta}$-secretase inhibitory peptide was identified as a six amino acid residue of Gly-Pro-Val-Gly-Ala-Pro (MW: 497.27 Da). In cell viability experiments, the final purified fraction, the carboxy-methyl ion exchange column fraction (CM-F1) showed no significant cytotoxic effect in SH-SY5Y cells at concentrations below $100{\mu}g/mL$ in 24 h. The results of this study suggest that peptides separated from Arctoscopus japonicus may be beneficial as ${\beta}$-secretase inhibitor compounds in functional foods.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.103-115
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine the amount of $\beta-endorphin$ and pain threshold according to time sequences in applying experimented TENS and MENS(pre treatment, posttreatment, 25 minutes after the treatment). This test was to aim at showing the effects of the experimental $\beta-endorphin$ and pain threshold applied to the randomly selected twenty healthy men in their twenties. The subjects were divided into two group(ten for TENS and the other ten MENS). The results obtained are as follows : 1. There was no significant difference in the $\beta-endorphin$ between TENS and HENS(p>0.05). There was no difference in the pain threshold at pretreatment and posttreatment(p>0.05), but there was some difference at 25 minutes after the treatment(p<0.05). 2. The group of TENS in the experimental $\beta-endorphin$ had the highest level of $14.40{\pm}3.098$ at posttreatment, but the level decreased a little according to time passed. And in the experimental pain threshold, the level went to the highest plateau of $2.92{\pm}0.483$ at 25 minutes after the treatment. 3. The group of MENS in the experimental $\beta-endorphin$ had the highest plateau of $14.20{\pm}3.967$ at posttreatment, but the level decreased a bit according to time passed also. And in the experimental pain threshold, the level went to the highest plateau of $2.49{\pm}0.617$ posttreatment. 4. There were some differences of the experimental $\beta-endorphin$ in TENS group at pretreatment and posttreatment(p<0.05). There were some differences in the experimental pain threshold between pretreatment and posttreatment as well as between pretreatment and 25 minutes after the treatment(p<0.05) MENS did not influence the experimental $\beta-endorphin$ and pain threshold. This experiment showed that TENS increased the levels of the experimental $\beta-endorphin$ at posttreatment and increased the levels of the experimental pain threshold untill 25 minutes after the treatment. Therefore, the time of sustaining pain in TENS group was longer than that of MENS group. Also, MENS showed that it increased each level of the experimental $\beta-endorphin$ and pain threshold, but these levels were not statistically meaningful.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.585-596
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• 2016

본 연구는 청소년의 스트레스 인지, 식생활, 신체활동, 음주, 흡연, 잠으로 피로회복 정도에 따라 주관적 행복감에 미치는 영향을 파악하고, 이를 바탕으로 향후 청소년의 주관적 행복감을 향상시키는 실질적인 방안을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 2015년 제11차 청소년건강행태온라인조사 원시자료의 9,599명을 대상으로 IBM SPSS 20.0과 IBM SPSS AMOS 23 프로그램을 이용하였으며, 빈도분석, 기술통계, 상관분석, 부트스트래핑과 팬텀변수를 이용하였다. 연구결과, 주관적 행복감에 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 직접효과는 스트레스 인지(${\beta}=-.457$, p =. 005), 잠으로 피로회복(${\beta}=.136$, p = .004), 신체활동(${\beta}=.055$, p = .005), 식생활(${\beta}=-.035$, p = .014), 흡연(${\beta}=-.030$, p = .011이었다. 스트레스 인지가 주관적 행복감으로 가는 경로의 간접효과(${\beta}=-.052$, p = .006)가 있었으며, 팬텀변수를 이용하여 다중매개의 간접효과 크기와 유의도를 분석한 결과 스트레스 인지와 주관적 행복감 사이에 간접효과는 잠으로 피로회복(${\beta}=-.041$, p = .001), 신체활동(${\beta}=-.007$, p = .003), 식생활(${\beta}=-.003$, p = .008), 흡연(${\beta}=-.002$, p = .001)순으로 나타났으며, 음주는(${\beta}=000$, p = .636) 간접효과가 없었다. 그러므로 청소년의 주관적 행복감을 증진시키기 위하여 다학제간의 협력이 요구되며 가정, 학교, 지역사회 및 국가차원의 교육환경 개선과 인력 및 재정적 지원이 모색되어야 할 것이다.