• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.291-304
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing family caregivers' reaction of persons with cancer. The study participants were 130 cancer patients and their family caregivers. Data on participant characteristics, caregiver reaction, perceived social support, and cancer related health literacy were collected from July 17 to November 7, 2018 using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed with the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program for descriptive statistics, using independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient and enter multiple regression analysis. The determining factors affecting caregivers' reaction were in case of spouse of patient(${\beta}=.252$, p=.002), subjective health status(${\beta}=-.207$ p=.012), and health literacy (self-care, patient's needs and preference) (${\beta}=-.411$, p<.001; ${\beta}=.247$, p=.037 respectively), and their explanation power was about 37.9%. This finding underscores the need for developing and application of the individualized education program with health literacy improvement strategies for family caregivers of cancer patients.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.297-303
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• 2006

Background : Pulmonary tuberculosis is frequently accompanied with complications such as bronchiectasis, cavities, fibrosis and a deterioration of the lung function. However, there is little information available on the pathogenesis of these complications in pulmonary tuberculosis. Among the many factors involving in tissue remodeling, transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ ($TGF-{\beta}1$) is a potent stimulus of the extracellular matrix fomation and a mediator of potential relevance for airway wall remodeling. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between the radiological changes and the $TGF-{\beta}1$ level in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods : Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected from total of 35 patients before treating them for active pulmonary tuberculosis, and the $TGF-{\beta}1$ levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The BALF levels were recalculated as the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) levels using the albumin method. pulmonary function test (PFT) and high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) were performed before and after treatment. Results : There was a strong correlation between the serum $TGF-{\beta}1$ level and the presence of cavities (r=0.404, p=0.006), even though the BAL $TGF-{\beta}1$ level showed a weak correlation with complications. In addition, there was no correlation between the $TGF-{\beta}1$ levels before treatment and the changes in the PFT and HRCT during treatment. Conclusion : There is a correlation between the serum $TGF-{\beta}1$ level and cavity formation in pulmonary tuberculosis before treatment. However, further study will be needed to confirm this.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.136-144
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• 2017

Objectives : Cognitive complaints are reported frequently after breast cancer treatments. The causes of cognitive decline are multifactorial, a result of the effect of cancer itself, chemotherapy, and psychological factors such as depression and anxiety. However, cognitive decline does not always correlate with neuropsychological test performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of subjective cognitive decline with objective measurement and to explore associated factors of cognitive function in breast cancer survivors. Methods : We included 29 breast cancer survivors who complain cognitive decline at least 6 months after treatment and 20 age-matched healthy controls. Neuropsychological tests were performed in all participants. Multivariable regression analysis evaluated associations between neuropsychological test scores and psychological distress including depression and anxiety, also considering age, education, and comorbidity. Results : There were no statistically significant differences in neuropsychological test performances. However, the breast cancer survivors showed a significantly higher depression(p=0.002) and anxiety(p<0.001) than the healthy controls did. Among the cancer survivors, poorer executive function was strongly associated with higher depression(${\beta}=-0.336$, p=0.001) and anxiety(${\beta}=-0.273$, p=0.009), after controlling for age, education, and comorbidity. In addition, poorer attention was also significantly related with depression(${\beta}=-0.375$, p=0.023) and anxiety (${\beta}=-0.404$, p=0.013). Conclusions : The results of this study showed the discrepancies between subjective complaints and objective measures of cognitive function in breast cancer survivors. It suggests that subjective cognitive decline could be indicators of psychological distress such as depression and anxiety.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.353-363
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• 2018

This study was conducted to identify the level of knowledge, attitude, and educational needs toward dementia, as well as to understand factors influencing educational needs for dementia among nursing students. A total of 213 nursing students at three universities in C province were invited to this study from September to November in 2015. Collected data were analyzed using an independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. All analyses were conducted with SPSS 20.0 for Windows. The level of knowledge, attitude and educational needs for dementia were $12.33{\pm}4.54$ out of 20, $35.53{\pm}8.92$ out of 50 (Item mean 3.56), and $116.46{\pm}32.06$ out of 160 (Item mean 3.63), respectively. There were significant positive correlations between attitude and educational needs (r=0.79, p=<0.01). Moreover, the factors influencing educational needs for dementia in nursing students were attitude (${\beta}=0.73$, p<0.001) and grade (${\beta}=0.19$, p=0.001). Development of diverse educational programs for dementia based on this study can be a cornerstone to improve knowledge and attitudes toward dementia in nursing students. Developing nursing curriculum considering students' attitudes toward dementia and grade may also help increase knowledge of dementia.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.399-404
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• 2009

This paper described the formulation of functional cosmetics and evaluation of anti-wrinkle efficacy in clinical test. Cosmetics were formulated with highly purified $\beta$-carotene obtained from the culture broth of recombinant E.coli cells. Edible oil for solubilizing $\beta$-carotene, vitamine E for long-term storage, detergent/stabilizer (2.0%) for the complete formation of oil/water emulsion, dimethicone (0.35%) for good skin care, and sorbitol for skin moisturizer were also added as ingredients. Physical or chemical degradation of formulated products stored at $0^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, or $40^{\circ}C$ was not observed for 60-day testing period. In clinical test, 68% of applicants observed wrinkle decrease after 8-week treatment. This result indicates that newly formulated cosmetics have strong potential for improving wrinkle skin care.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.459-468
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• 2017

This study investigated the factors influencing how obesity stress and health belief impact weight control behavior among nursing students. Data were collected from nursing students in U city between September 1 and October 10, 2016 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, gender (t=2.30, p=0.044) and health status (F=8.03, p<0.001) significantly influenced weight control behavior. There were negative correlations between diet therapy of weight control behavior (r=-0.26, p<0.001), exercise therapy (r=-0.25, p<0.001), behavior modification therapy (r=-0.29, p<0.001), and perceived barriers in health belief. In addition, acquiring special knowledge for weight control behavior showed positive correlations in obesity stress (r=0.42, p<0.001), perceived susceptibility (r=0.25, p<0.001) and perceived benefits (r=0.19, p<0.001). Furthermore, the significant factors influencing weight control behavior were perceived barriers (${\beta}=-0.30$, p<0.001) and obesity stress (${\beta}=0.20$, p<0.05) in health belief, and these factors explained 17.2% of the variance. Based on the study results, it is necessary to develop and apply effective educational programs that can influence weight control behavior through gender, health status, obesity stress and health beliefs, which determine weight control behavior of nursing students.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.28
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• pp.15.1-15.8
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• 2013

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the association between low-level mercury exposure and neurobehavioral functions in adults living in coastal regions of Korea. Methods We selected 172 adults aged 20-65 years living in a city in the coastal region of Korea. A sociodemographic survey was conducted, mercury levels in the blood, urine, and hair were measured, and the associations according to computerized neurobehavioral tests were determined using univariate analysis. After adjustment for associated variables, a multivariate linear regression analysis was performed. Results The geometric mean mercury levels in the blood, urine, and hair were $5.41{\mu}g/L$ (range, $0.00-15.84{\mu}g/L$), $1.17{\mu}g/g$-creatinine (range, $0.00-32.86{\mu}g/g$-creatinine), and 1.37 mg/kg (range, 0.42-6.56 mg/kg), respectively. Variables that were associated with simple reaction time according to the neurobehavioral test results were age and urine mercury level. Variables associated with choice reaction time were the recent use of Korean traditional medicine and urine mercury level. Variables associated with the right-hand finger tapping speed test were age, gender, smoking behavior, education level, monthly household income, and urine mercury level. Variables associated with the left-hand finger tapping speed test were age, gender, education level, and urine mercury level. After adjustment for associated variables, there was no significant association between urine mercury level and simple reaction time (${\beta}=25.96$; p =0.47), choice reaction time (${\beta}=50.37$; p =0.32), or the number of left-hand finger taps (${\beta}=-1.54$; p =0.21). However, urine mercury level was significantly associated with the number of right-hand finger taps (${\beta}=-3.86$; p =0.01). Conclusions We found no evidence that low-level mercury exposure in adults is associated with deficits in neurobehavioral functions. A longer follow-up study is required to confirm this conclusion.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.221-228
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify advanced beginner-stage nurse's intention of retention. Data were collected from May 1 to June 30 of 2017 using a structured questionnaire. Participants consisted of 150 nurses with 13 to 36 month clinical careers at a hospital located in D, C and K city, Korea. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regression, using IBM SPSS WIN 20.0. The average score was 3.34 (${\pm}0.53$) for ego resilience, 2.28 (${\pm}0.44$) for sense of calling, 3.88 (${\pm}0.58$) for teamwork, 3.36 (${\pm}0.42$) for organizational culture, and 5.27 (${\pm}1.38$) for retention intention. Retention intention was positively correlated with ego resilience (r=0.211, p<0.05), sense of calling (r=0.338, p<0.001), teamwork (r=0.284, p<0.001) and organizational culture (r=0.215, p<0.01). Regression analysis revealed that sense of calling and teamwork explained 11.4% (${\beta}=0.284$, p<0.001) and 4.2% (${\beta}=0.212$ p<0.001) of the retention intention of advanced beginner-stage nurses, respectively, and these variables together explained 15.6% of the retention intention of advanced beginner-stage nurses. The results of this study will improve retention intention of advanced beginner-stage nurses and facilitate development a management program and execution strategy that helps improve sense of calling and teamwork, especially that of friendly social orientation and mutual cooperation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.405-413
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of SNS addiction tendency, depression, and communication skill among university students. Subjects were 200 associate nursing students in Korea. The data were collected using a self-reporting questionnaire from October 11 to November 24, 2016. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, LSD test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. The levels of SNS addiction tendency were dependent on age (t=2.47, p=.044), connection SNS time (F=10.20, p<.001), and place of SNS use (t=2.54, p=.012). SNS addiction tendency was significantly correlated with depression. Higher SNS addiction was associated with higher rates of depression. SNS addiction tendency was not significantly correlated with communication skill in nursing students. Influential factors that affect SNS addiction tendency were depression (${\beta}=.265$, p<.001) and SNS usage time (${\beta}=.265$, p<.001), which explains about 15.5% of the variance. The results of this study indicate that nursing interventions are necessary to improve SNS addiction tendency, and early screening of nursing students is needed to develop health promotion programs for the vulnerable.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.517-526
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the self-resilience, professional self-concept, and major satisfaction on nursing students' adjustment to college life and to present the basic data to assist in healthy adaption of college life. The study included 310 students from two universities in Gwangju and Jeonnam. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the subjects to determine their self-resilience, professional self-concept, major satisfaction, and adjustment to college life with nursing as a major. The data were collected from 1, April, 2016 to 15, April using self-report, questionnaires and analyzed through descriptive statistics, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient, using SPSS 20.0. As a result, self-esteem, professional self-concept, major satisfaction, and adjustment to college life averaged 3.80 (out of 4), 2.81 (4), 3.86 (5), and 2.75 (5) respectively. In terms of correlations, there was a significant positive correlation between adjustment to college life and self-resilience (r=.404, p<.001) and professional self-concept (r=.404, p<.001) and major satisfaction(r=.455, p<.001). In addition, self-resilience (${\beta}=.252$, p<.001) and major satisfaction (${\beta}=.309$, p<.001) of variance in adjustment to college life and the explanatory power of the model was 27.2%. Based on these results, improvement programs are necessary to help nursing students get adjusted to college life.