• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.257-262
• /
• 2004

Purpose: We reported our preliminary result in 2001. At that time, the follow-up period was too short to evaluate the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer without serosal invasion. Therefore, we followed those patients for 66 months to determine the long-term effects of adjuvant chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the recurrence pattern, the survival rate, and the disease-specific survival of 135 patients by reviewing their medical records and calling the patients or their relatives. All enrolled patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis of efficacy. Results: The follow-up rate was $89.6\%$ (121/135), and the median follow-up duration was 66 months. Among the 135 patients, 4 relapsed in group 1 (5-FU+cisplatin), 7 in group 2 (mitomycin C+oral 5-FU), and 6 in group 3 (oral 5-FU only). The overall survival rate was $89\%$ in group 1, $84\%$ in group 2, and $82\%$ in group 3. There were no differences in the overall survival rates and the disease-specific survival rates among the three groups. Conclusion: Oral chemotherapeutic agents have an acceptable effect for adjuvant chemotherapy compared with intravenous agent. However, a large-scale, prospective, randomized study, including a control group, is needed for an exact evaluation.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.74-81
• /
• 2007

Purpose: Routine pancreatico-splenectomy with total gastrectomy should no longer be considered as the standard surgical procedure for gastric cancer because of the lack of proven surgical benefit for survival. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinicopathologic factors and the survival of patients with locally advanced gastric cancer and they had undergone combined pancreatico-splenectomy with a curative intent. Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a total of 118 patients who had undergone total gastrectomy with distal pancreatico-splenectomy from 1990 to 2001. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 90 patients who were free from cancer invasion (group I), and 28 patients with histologically proven cancer invasion into the pancreas (group II). The various clinicopathologic factors that were presumed to influence survival and the survival rates were analyzed. Results: The rate of pathological pancreatic invasion was 23.7%. The tumor stage, depth of invasion, pancreas invasion, lymph node metastasis, lymph node ratio, curability and the hepatic and peritoneal metastasis were statistically significance on univariate analysis. Among these factors, the tumor stage, lymph node ratio and curability were found to be independent prognostic factor on multivariate analysis. The 5-years survival rates were 36.2% for group I and 13.9% for group II. The morbidity rate was 22.1%, and this included pancreatic fistula (5.1%), intra-abdominal abscess (4.2%) and bleeding (4.2%). The overall mortality rate was 0.8%. Conclusion: Combined distal pancreatico-splenectomy with total gastrectomy with a curative intent was selectively indicated for those patients with visible tumor invasion to the pancreas, a difficult complete lymph node dissection around the distal pancreas and spleen, and no evidence of liver metastasis or peritoneal dissemination.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.249-252
• /
• 1991

A Retrospective study to analyze the failure pattern in locally advanced stomach cancer, treated with radical surgery and post-op chemotherapy was perfomed. Among 107 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy in Asan Medical Center between June 1989 and August 1990. there were 20 stage II(T2NO, T2N1) and 87 stage III(T3N1, T3N2) and 91 patients were eligible for study. 57 patients treated with 6 cycles of postop adjuvant chemotherapy. Among 57 patients treated with postop adjuvant chemotherapy, local failure occurred in $21\%$ and distant failure in $12\%$. Among 34 patients who were not treated with postop chemotherapy, local failure occurred in $24\%$ and distant failure in $26\%$. Among 29 failures including 13 locoregional, 9 distant metastasis and 7 locoregional and distant metastasis, 11 cases recurred in the anastomotic site, 3 in the gastric bed,7 in the regional lymph nodes and peritoneal seeding occurred in 6 cases. The true incidences of gastric bed, nodal and peritoneal failures may be higher in the longer follow-up or reoperative or autopsy series. Our data sugest that postop chemocherapy is beneficial by reducing distant failure rate. Our data suggest that postop chemocherapy is beneficial by reducing distant failure rate. Postop adjuvant locoregional radiotherapy in addition to the systemic adjuvant therapy may reduce the local failure rate and potentially benefit in at least $20\%$ of patients who developed the local failure only.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2011.10a
• /
• pp.2192-2204
• /
• 2011

Recently, The government is actively transit road-oriented Traffic System to the eco-friendly and high-efficiency railroad-oriented transportation system for the sustainable green growth. The second plan of Nationwide Railway Network which has been officially announced rearrange to integration, multi-core, open architecture country by the railway network and integrate to the one mega city that rink an important city in one hour 30 minute. But the railroad industry is disadvantageous when it compares with the road industry on the ground that railroad industry peculiarities(a cost-benefit analysis, an environment value, etc) have not reflected in the (preliminary) feasibility study for SOC industry. The government establish Improved methodology of Rail Investment Rating System and improved preliminary feasibility study in railroad project by introduction many content(analysis periods, rate of discount, the benefits of shortening of transit hours, the estimation of traffic accident reduction benefits, investment cost of vehicle substitution and operation and maintenance cost of high speed rail) about the Improved methodology of Rail Investment Rating System. This study is intended to consideration the key content that was included in the Improved methodology of Rail Investment Rating System. In addition, the points to be considered for additional study have been reviewed in this study. We hope we will carry out make a reasonable and objective Rail Investment Rating System and to perform the railway industry of the virtuous cycle such improvement plans are reflected at a hereafter railroad section.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.313-327
• /
• 2020

Purpose: Nodal downstaging after preoperative therapy for gastric cancer has been shown to impart excellent prognosis, but this has not been validated in a national cohort. The role of neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NACR) in nodal downstaging remains unclear when compared with that of neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone (NAC). Furthermore, it is unknown whether the prognostic implications of nodal downstaging differ by preoperative regimen. Materials and Methods: Using the National Cancer Database, overall survival (OS) duration was compared among natural N0 (cN0/ypN0), downstaged N0 (cN+/ypN0), and nodepositive (ypN+) gastric cancer patients treated with NACR or NAC. Factors associated with nodal downstaging were examined in a propensity score-matched cohort of cN+ patients, matched 1:1 by receipt of NACR or NAC. Results: Of 7,426 patients (natural N0 [n=1,858, 25.4%], downstaged N0 [n=1,813, 24.4%], node-positive [n=3,755, 50.4%]), 58.2% received NACR, and 41.9% received NAC. The median OS durations of downstaged N0 (5.1 years) and natural N0 (5.6 years) patients were similar to one another and longer than that of node-positive patients (2.1 years) (P<0.001). In the matched cohort of cN+ patients, more recent diagnosis (2010-2015 vs. 2004-2009) (odds ratio [OR], 2.57; P<0.001) and NACR (OR, 2.02; P<0.001) were independently associated with nodal downstaging. The 5-year OS rate of downstaged N0 patients was significantly lower after NACR (46.4%) than after NAC (57.7%) (P=0.003). Conclusions: Downstaged N0 patients have the same prognosis as natural N0 patients. Nodal downstaging occurred more frequently after NACR; however, the survival benefit of nodal downstaging after NACR may be less than that when such is achieved by NAC.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.96-101
• /
• 2002

Background: Aerobic training can be defined as any physical exercise that increases the heart rate and enhances the body's intake of oxygen long enough to benefit the condition of body. Running, cycling, and swimming are examples of aerobic activities. This type of exercise optimises immune functions. Recently several experimental findings suggested that the regular swimming training increase immune response, but there have been very few reports which compare warm water exercise with cold water exercise in spleen lymphocytes. Methods: This study was designed to examine the effects of regular swimming training on Index, the number of lymphocytes, proliferative activity and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by splenocytes in BALB/c mice. Thirty six mice (6 week old) were performed 10 weeks of regular swimming training and they were divided into 6 groups according to the regular swimming training (CRG: control resting group, CEG: control exercise group, WRG: warm water trained resting group, WEG: warm water trained exercise group, CORG: cold water trained resting group, COEG: cold water exercise group). Analytical items were weight change, spleen index, the number of lymphocytes, proliferative activity and production of ROS. All data were expressed as mean and standard deviation by using SPSS package program (ver. 10.0). Results: The swimming training significantly decreased body weight, and increased spleen index, the number of lymphocytes and proliferative activity in the presence or absence of Con A and LPS added conditions. For the WRG and CORG, the quantity of ROS from splenocytes was higher than CRG, whereas, ROS by spleen lymphocytes was lower following 90 min acute exercise stress. Conclusion: These results suggested that the swimming training not only increases the number of lymphocytes but also increases proliferative activity by splenocytes in vitro.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.159-164
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics and antioxidant properties of cookies supplemented with 1-4% (w/w) persimmon leaf powder (PLP). pH and density of the cookie dough increased significantly with increase in PLP concentration (p<0.05). The moisture content, spread ratio, and loss rate of cookies decreased significantly with increase in PLP concentration (p<0.05). Lightness ($L^*$), redness ($a^*$), and yellowness ($b^*$) also decreased significantly with increase in PLP concentration (p<0.05). The use of PLP significantly increased the hardness of the cookies. Moreover, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities were significantly elevated (p<0.05). The consumer acceptance test indicated that addition of PLP at a concentration of up to 2% (w/w) garnered a favorable response from consumers with respect to softness, taste, and overall preference. On the basis of the overall observations, cookies supplemented with 2% (w/w) PLP were found to benefit from the functional properties of PLP, without compromising on consumer acceptance.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2020

Objective: The aim of the study was to perform a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials to compare the clinical efficacy and safety between combination of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) and AIs alone in patients with hormone receptor+/human epidermal growth factor receptor type2-(HR+/HER2-) advanced breast cancer. Methods: Published clinical studies were identified through electronic database searches until February 2019. Literature qualities were assessed by the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network Checklist. Key endpoints of efficacy were progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and clinical benefit (CB). Endpoints of safety were adverse events (AEs) (neutropenia, leukopenia, any grade 3/4 AEs, and serious AEs) and on-treatment death. Meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.3 software. Results: The selected five studies were evaluated as "good" in quality assessment. Compared to AIs alone, the combination therapy significantly improved PFS (pooled hazard ratio=0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49-0.62), ORR (odds ratio=1.78; 95% CI=1.49-2.13), and CB (odds ratio=1.86; 95% CI=1.51-2.28). The prevalence of AEs was significantly higher in the combination group than in the AIs alone group. On-treatment death was greater in the combination group than in the AIs alone group, although insignificant. Conclusion: The combination therapy of CDK4/6 inhibitors with AIs was more effective for the treatment of HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer, but less safe than AIs alone. The combination therapy should be effectively managed through patient monitoring, and further studies are needed to reduce AEs in the combination therapy of CDK4/6 inhibitors with AIs.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.198-211
• /
• 2015

The following research was done to develop a low calorie muffin that has good taste, as well as nutritional benefit. This was done through adding various nutritional qualities of Makgeolli Lees to muffins. It was found that adding Makgeolli Lees substantially increased the amount of ash, crude protein, crude fiber, and moisture. However, it decreased the amount of crude fat. It was also found that the volume, height, and weight all increased with a lower baking loss rate. Other testing on the hardness, expand chewiness, gumminess, and cohesiveness of the muffins with different amounts of Makgeolli Lees found that more Makgeolli Lees led to a lower hardness and chewiness. However, it did not affect the gumminess. "MLM10" with 10 g of added Makgeolli Lees had a cohesiveness that was significantly different from other samples. The cohesiveness of the other samples was substantially lower. "L-value", or lightness, as well as yellowness, decreased as more Makgeolli Lees was added. On the other hand, "a-value", or redness, increased as more Makgeolli Lees was added. A sensory test proved that Makgeolli Lees added muffins were not preferred over the control group in its color, texture, and overall preference, but was evaluated as "good". However, the Makgeolli Lees added muffins were evaluated better than the control group in the categories of "expanded", "uniformity", and "he size of the pores". Therefore, creating muffins by using Makgeolli Lees instead of fat was proven to be possible, and furthermore proved to be a viable substitute.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.10
• /
• pp.4769-4774
• /
• 2016

Objective: To analyze the survival of elderly patients with breast cancer according to the type of treatment used. Methods: A cohort study of women aged 80 or over with breast cancer registered with the Brazilian National Cancer Institute (Instituto Nacional do $C{\hat{a}}ncer$ - INCA) between 2008 and 2009 was conducted. Prognosis was analyzed according to the cancer treatment performed: surgery, radiotherapy, or hormone therapy. Analysis of the overall 5-year survival rate was performed using the Kaplan - Meier method, and comparisons of curves were undertaken using the log-rank test. For multiple regression analysis, Cox regression was used, adjusting for age and clinical stage, considering values of p < 0.05 as significant. Data were all analyzed using the statistical package SPSS version 20. Results: 70 women with a mean age of $84.0{\pm}3.7years$ at diagnosis participated in the study. The median follow-up time was 37.1 months (range 0.5-75.5), and 31 deaths (44.3%) occurred during this time. The median survival time was 51.2 months (95% CI, 44.9-57.4), higher in those who underwent surgery (p = 0.012) and those who had hormone therapy (p=0.001). Treatment with surgery reduced the risk of death by 61.7% (HR 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.6; p = 0.001) when adjusted for clinical stage and age at diagnosis. However, there was no significant benefit from radiotherapy (HR 1.2; 95% CI, 0.5-2.5; p = 0.694). Conclusion: Treatment with surgery and hormone therapy increased the survival of our Brazilian patients with breast cancer aged 80 or over.