• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.123-131
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• 1999

Liquid crystal known as a rheological barrier to coalescence of oil droplets, increases emulsion stability, water-holding capacity and promotes active material penetration to skin. Some investigation for its rheological characteristics have been reported but its relations to consumer perception have been rarely published. In this study, oil/water emulsion and oil/liquid crystal/water systems were manufactured using the same composition or Behenyltrimethylammonium chloride/Cetostearyl alcohol/Lanolin oil. and rheological properties or each system were investigated with Cone and Plate rheometer. The formation of liquid crystalline phase was observed with polarized microscope and Differential Scanning Calorimeter. Continuous shear experiment, creep, yield and water holding capacity were measured for oil/water and oil/liquid crystal/water systems. The results were compared with sensory evaluations. Oil/liquid crystal/water system showed higher,viscosity at the same shear rate. higher viscoelasticity and higher yield stress than oil/water system. These properties were expected to show good spreadability and excellent richness without waxiness in hair can: products of creme type. This expectation was consistent with the results of sensory experiments. Water-holding capacity was evaluated by measuring residual water of specimens at specific temperature and relative humidity. Oil/liquid crystal/water system was proved to have higher ability to hold water in comparison with oil/water system. The results indicated that oil/liquid crystal/water system was of benefit to rheological properties creme type hair care products.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.605-613
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• 2000

Objective : The investigation had been performed since from January 1st to August 31th of 1998. The patients for the experiment were mainly composed of patients who had trouble in breathing due to the pneumonectasis, asthmas, pneumonias. The percent of men is 67% in sex distribution and the ratio of persons over 50's was 85%, The effect was invastgated for the labored respiration who had Keumsuyukunjeon. Methods : In this research, some remarkable results are referred which were detected by measuring the variations of the breathing volume of 20 patients after taking Keumsuyukunjeon. Picrometer is used for the measurement of the volume. Results : From the relations between the breathing volume before treatment and the enhancement ratio, the increase of the enhancement ratio and the better response to the medicine were shown to the more serious patients. The period of treatment was 27.5 days average. The enhancement ratio of smoker was 23, and that of non-smoker was 50. At the test of relation between the trouble rate in breathing and the enhancement ratio, Grade ill shows the highest enhancement value 50%. conclusions : It is found that Keumsuyukunjeon gives a noticeable benefit for the patients whose main symptom was breathing problem. Long-term treatments for the serious and aged patients will make much more efficient to the reduction of the symptoms.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1624-1630
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• 2007

This study was designed to investigate the clinical effect of Kamkil-tang on the dyspnea. In this study, we measured the variations of the breathing volume of 20 patients after taking Kamkil-tang. Picrometer is used for the measurement of the volume. The investigation had been performed since from January 1st to August 31th of 2005. The patients for the experiment were mainly composed of patients who had trouble in breathing due to the pneumonectasis, asthmas, pneumonias. The percent of men is 65% in sex distribution and the ratio of persons over 50's was 90%. The results are as follows: After Kamkil-tang was taken to the patients, the enhancement ratio of breathing volume was appeared as 6.6%. The analysis based on an age was that the patients of 50's show the highest volumetric advancement. The ratio of breathing volume was higher as the patients were younger. From this, Kamkil-tang has more efficient on the younger patients. From the relations between the breathing volume before treatment and the enhancement ratio, the increase of the enhancement ratio and the better response to the medicine were shown to the more serious patients. The period of treatment was 22.4 days average. The enhancement ratio of smoker was 25.5, and that of non-smoker was 31.1. At the test of relation between the trouble rate in breathing and the enhancement ratio, Grade I shows the highest enhancement. From the experimental results, It is found that Kamkil-tang gives a noticeable benefit for the patients whose main symptom was breathing problem. Long-term treatments for the serious and younger patients will make much more efficient to the reduction of the symptoms.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the toxicity of hematoporphyrin-coated magnetic ferrofluid (HP-MF) through intravenous administration in Sprague-Dawley rats. Each group was treated with either saline, or the HP-MF at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 4 ml/kg body weight (b.w.) for the observation of survival rate, clinical symptoms, laboratory values and histopathological findings. In this study, HP-MF was evaluated for the survival rates, symptoms, laboratory values and histopathological examination after treatments. The result revealed that the animals in the group of HP-MF at 2 and 4 ml/kg b.w. showed some lethality. In serum biochemistry, the levels of AST, ALT and ALP were increased in the MF and HP-MF treated groups. However, histopathological examination for the suspected organs showed no evidence of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of typical iron poisoning. Though the toxicity of HP-MF was higher than that of HP, long retention of hematoporphyrin via HP-MF provides additional benefit over conventional hematoporphyrin. HP-MF could be utilized as a potential photodynamic agent in cancer therapy. It is suggested to develop an efficient external magnetic device to attract hematoporphyrin in the target site, thereby enabling to administering a small amount of HP-MF.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.19-33
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• 2019

이 연구는 한국어 자음과 모음 대해 단기간의 지각 훈련을 받은 이집트인 학습자들이 학습 수준별로 어떠한 지각 개선 양상을 보이는지 조사하고, 각 음소 쌍의 학습용이성 정도를 파악해 이집트인 학습자들을 대상으로 하는 한국어 발음교육에 실질적인 기여를 하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 50명의 한국어 학습자를 대상으로 이집트 현지에서 고변이 음성 훈련을 실시하였다. 한국어 수준에 따라 학습자를 초급 집단과 중고급 집단으로 나누었고, 2주간에 걸쳐 각 집단에 대해 30~40분의 지각 훈련을 10회 진행하였다. 고변이 음성 훈련용 자료는 다수의 한국어 원어민 화자가 발화한 자연음이었으며, 최소대립 쌍을 이루는 단어와 문장으로 최대한 다양하게 구성하였다. 사전과 사후 테스트 비교 결과, 이집트인 초급과 중고급 집단의 한국어 모음과 초성에 대한 지각 능력이 뚜렷하게 향상된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 종성에 대한 지각 능력 역시 향상되었지만 훈련 전부터 정확도가 높아 향상폭은 다소 낮게 나타났다. 각 음소에 대한 지각 정확도와 향상도를 바탕으로 음소 쌍별 학습용이성을 측정하고, 이집트인 학습자를 위한 학습용이성 위계를 학습 단계별로 설정하였다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of overlaying titanium mesh (TM) with an adjunctive collagen membrane (CM) for preserving the buccal bone when used in association with immediate implant placement in dogs. Methods: Immediate implant placements were performed in the mesial sockets of the third premolars of five dogs. At one site the TM was attached to the fixture with the aid of its own stabilizers and then covered by a CM (CM group), while the contralateral site received only TM (TM group). Biopsy specimens were retrieved for histologic and histomorphometric analyses after 16 weeks. Results: All samples exhibited pronounced buccal bone resorption, and a high rate of TM exposure was noted (in three and four cases of the five samples in each of the TM and CM groups, respectively). A dense fibrous tissue with little vascularity or cellularity had infiltrated through the pores of the TM irrespective of the presence of a CM. The distances between the fixture platform and the first bone-implant contact and the bone crest did not differ significantly between the TM and CM groups. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the additional use of a CM over TM does not offer added benefit for mucosal healing and buccal bone preservation.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2009

As the number of personal computers installed in vehicles increases, a touchpad often used in a labtop computer can be used for the control of an in-vehicle information system (IVIS). Using a touchpad to control the system allows the user to select among large amount of information with a single touch of dragging. For safety and convenience of a driver, the touchpad could be placed on a steering wheel. This research is designed to calculate the most efficient Control-Response Ratio (C/R ratio) for the menu interaction of a touchpad on a steering wheel. Since the menu pointer's rate of movement and proper C/R ratio is determined by the amount of selected information, the amount of displayed information and the movement of a menu pointer was chosen to be independent variables. The dependent variables are a user's preference and task completion time. Two factor full factorial within subject design was used 16 subjects. The investigation revealed that the amount of selected information increased with increasing C/R ratio. The movement of the pointer became slower as the amount of information increased. The best C/R ratio was calculated for each amount of information and preference regression of the user's preference was drawn accordingly. Through this research, the automobile interior designer can benefit from the guidelines suggested for the touchpad control.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.2095-2100
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• 2014

Objective: Most patients with advanced breast cancer experience resistance to endocrine treatment and eventual disease progression. This meta-analysis was designed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of fulvestrant 250mg with anastrozole 1mg in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Methods: Electronic literature databases (Cochrane Library, Medline, and Embase) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published prior to August 2013. Only RCTs that compared fulvestrant 250mg to anastrozole 1mg in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer were selected. The main outcomes were time to treatment failure (TTF), time to progression (TTP), duration of response (DOR), clinical benefit rate, and tolerability. Results: Four RCTs covering 1,226 patients (fulvestrant, n=621; anastrozole, n=605) were included in the meta-analysis. Fulvestrant increased the DOR compared to anastrozole (HR =1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-1.51). There was no statistically significant difference between fulvestrant and anastrozole in terms of TTF (HR=1.02, 95%CI 0.89-1.17), complete response (RR=1.79, 95%CI, 0.93-3.43), and partial response (RR=0.91, 95%CI 0.69-1.21). As for safety, there was no statistical significance between the two groups for common adverse events. Conclusion: Fulvestrant 250mg is as effective and well-tolerated as anastrozole 1mg treatment for advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women whose disease progressed after prior endocrine treatment. Thus, fulvestrant may serve as a reasonable alternative to anastrozole when resistance is experienced in breast cancer cases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3579-3586
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• 2015

Geographic information system (GIS) technology has useful applications for epidemiology, enabling the detection of spatial patterns of disease dispersion and locating geographic areas at increased risk. In this study, we applied GIS technology to characterize the spatial pattern of mortality due to liver cancer in the autonomous region of Guangxi Zhuang in southwest China. A database with liver cancer mortality data for 1971-1973, 1990-1992, and 2004-2005, including geographic locations and climate conditions, was constructed, and the appropriate associations were investigated. It was found that the regions with the highest mortality rates were central Guangxi with Guigang City at the center, and southwest Guangxi centered in Fusui County. Regions with the lowest mortality rates were eastern Guangxi with Pingnan County at the center, and northern Guangxi centered in Sanjiang and Rongshui counties. Regarding climate conditions, in the 1990s the mortality rate of liver cancer positively correlated with average temperature and average minimum temperature, and negatively correlated with average precipitation. In 2004 through 2005, mortality due to liver cancer positively correlated with the average minimum temperature. Regions of high mortality had lower average humidity and higher average barometric pressure than did regions of low mortality. Our results provide information to benefit development of a regional liver cancer prevention program in Guangxi, and provide important information and a reference for exploring causes of liver cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2225-2228
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• 2012

Background: We assessed the efficacy and toxicity of ifosfamide and doxorubicin combination chemotherapy (CT) regimen retrospectively in Turkish patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods: A total of thirty patients who had received cisplatin based chemotherapy/chemoradiotherapy as a primary treatment received ifosfamide 2500 $mg/m^2$ days 1-3, mesna 2500 $mg/m^2$ days 1-3, doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 day 1 (IMA), repeated every 21 days. Eligible patients had ECOG PS< 2, measurable recurrent or metastatic disease, with adequate renal, hepatic and hematologic functions. Results: Median age was 47 (min-max; 17-60). Twenty six (86.7 %) were male. Median cycles of chemotherapy for each patient were 2 (range:1-6). Twenty patients were evaluable for toxicity and response. No patient achieved complete response, with nine partial responses for a response rate of 30.0% in evaluable patients. Stable disease, and disease progression were observed in five (16.7%) and six (20.0%) patients, respectively. Clinical benefit was 46.7%. Median time to progression was 4.0 months. Six patients had neutropenic fever after IMA regimen and there were one treatment-related death due to tumor lysis syndrome in first cycle of the CT. No cardiotoxicity was observed after CT and treatments were generally well tolerated. Conclusion: Ifosfomide and doxorubicin combination is an effective regimen for patients with recurrent and metastatic NPC. For NPC patients demonstrating failure of cisplatin based regimens, this CT combination may be considered as salvage therapy.