• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.113-122
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• 2018

Residentialization is in progress in the coastal areas of the cities as the number of apartment houses rapidly increase with the simultaneous provision-centered development. It would be necessary to provide quality residential environments which would not deteriorate and would be chosen by many people as a sustainable residence in the future through the demand-centered development, considering the residents' consciousness. To do so, it is necessary to understand the residents' consciousness about the residential environment in the coastal area that has differentiated characteristics as a waterfront space through an evaluation of the residential environment, different from the existing residences. This study understands the significance of the waterfront space in the residential environment through people's consciousness when they choose a residence before they reside and people's consciousness when they evaluate the residence after they reside, concerning how the environment of the waterfront space is recognized as compared to other elements of the residential environment according to the geographic characteristics of the coastal area. In addition, this study analyzes the significance of people's consciousness before and after their residence through a comparison according to the change of distance to the waterfront from the perspective of access to the waterfront, the characteristic as a residential environment in the coastal area.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 1974

The effect of reticuloendothelial hyperfunction on hypothermic preservation of lung was studied in dogs. In order to evaluate the viability after hemodynamic_ load in preserved isolated lung, observations were made on the rate of increase in weight, degree of edema,compliance and surface activity of lung. The results obtained as follows: l. In the group of activating of the reticuloendothelial system by injection of sodium thiosulfate intravenously before pneumonectomy and infusion of naphthionine through the pulmonary artery before hypothermic preservation of isolated lung the limit of preservation was eight hours whereas four hours in non-treated control group. 2.Therefore the method of activating of the reticuloendothelial system before and after pulmonary resection seems effective in preserving for prolonging the period of preservation of lung by means of inhibition of pulmonary edema. 3. Pulmonary surface activity is expected to be valuable as a method in evaluation of the viability of preserved lung along with compliance and rate of increase in weight of lung.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.76-83
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• 1986

Time and temperature, pH and Aw, and microbiological evaluation were made to identify critical control points during various phases in product flow of chicken soup preparation in a university foodservice establishment. The results are summarised as follows: 1) Time and temperature data indicated that the phases of cooling after cooking, post-preparation, and holding ingredients at room temperature before assembly were critical. 2) pH and Aw values were in favorable for microbial growth. 3) Microbiological data indicated that the phases of basic ingredients. post-preparation and holding ingredients before assembly were critical. 4) Critical control points identified were; basic ingredients, cooling after cooking, post-preparation, holding before assembly and service, and assembly and service. 5) Several guidelines were suggested for the effective qualitly control program.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.609-612
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• 1993

Studies of pulmonary function using spirometry were performed before and after pneumonectomy for inflammatory lung diseases from 1985 to 1990 at the Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje Medical College. Fifty-two patients were evaluated ; 33 tuberculosis, 17 bronchiectasis, 2 abscess, and 1 actinomycosis. All patients had preoperative and postoperative FVC, FVC[% predicted], FEV1, %FEV1, MVV and MVV[%predicted] determinations. And above datas were compared each other statistically with applying of the paired t-test. The results were obtained as follows : there were significant decreased after surgery in the values of FVC, FVC[% predicted], MVV, and MVV[% predicted], but the values of FEV1, and %FEV1 were no significant changes after surgery.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.51-63
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• 2014

A microbiological quality evaluation on cooked food, food materials and cooking equipment was conducted in 14 school food services in Changwon area, South Korea for Ojingeochaesomoochim (vegetable salad with blanched squid) which went through cooking process after heating treatment. Only 5 schools out of the 14 (35.7%) observed the sanitization criteria of the Korean School Meals Sanitization Management for raw vegetables (concentration of chlorine solution: 100ppm, immersion time of sanitizing: 5 min). The acceptance rates regarding the microbial standards for Korean school meals showed improvement before and after of sanitization: for onions 57.1% vs 71.4%; cucumber 42.9% vs. 78.6%. However, garlic showed adverse sanitizing effect as the acceptance rate went down from 42.9% to 35.7%. Blanched squid and red pepper paste was acceptable in all 14 schools (100%), while squid seasoned with red pepper powder was acceptable in only 42.9% of the schools. Microbial results for knives, cutting boards, mixing bowls were satisfactory, however 35.7% of sanitary gloves that were put on right before the seasoning showed poor sanitization, and this indicated high probability of cross-contamination from the gloves. We calculated that 57.1% of the cooked foods were in accordance with the microbial standards for Korean school meals. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to have verification process, especially on the effectiveness of sanitization of raw vegetables, in cooking foods through cooking process after heating treatment in HACCP system of school food service.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in the position of the mandibular condyle within articular fossa by a CBCT after wearing complete denture (CD). Materials and Methods: CBCT of 34 temporomandibular joints were taken from 9 male and 8 female patients with CB $Mercuray^{TM}$ (Hitachi, Japan) before and after wearing a CD for rehabilitation. Position of mandibular condyle within articular fossa at centric occlusion was evaluated with $Vimplant2.0^{TM}$ (CyberMed, Korea) on the central parasagittal view and curved panoramic coronal view of the condylar head. A statistical evaluation was done with SPSS. Results: The range of anteroposterior positional rate (AP) of condylar head within articular fossa was -16-5 and -10-12 respectively on the right and left sides. Before wearing CD, the AP rate showed discrepancy between right and left sides (p<0.05). After wearing CD, both condyles showed a tendency to decrease in posterior condylar position (right side; p<0.05). The average discrepancy between right and left side in mediolateral positional rate (MD) was 15.5 and 4.5 respectively before and after wearing CD. The improvement was observed in mediolateral relationship of both condylar heads after wearing CD (p< 0.01). Before wearing CD, the average horizontal angle of long axis of condylar head was $79.6{\pm}2.7^{\circ}\;and\;80.1{\pm}5.7^{\circ}$ respectively on the right and left sides. After wearing CD, both condyles were rotated in the same direction in average on axial plane. Conclusion: We observed with CBCT the significant clinical evidence in case of positional change of mandibular condyle after wearing complete denture.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.168-177
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• 2021

Purpose: This study applies the ICF to identify the patient's body function, structure, and participation, evaluates the patient's environmental factors and individual factors, and is a high level of movement to return to the society of patients with multiple ligament injury of the knee joint. Methods: Progressive strength training and ROM exercise were performed 30 minutes a day, 5 times a week for 6 weeks. The evaluation was performed by examining the ROM, length, MMT, instability, dynamic balance, pain and depression. Results: The ROM of the knee joint was improved from 110° to 135° after intervention, and the knee flexion length decreased from 69 cm to 45 cm. Knee flexor is Good after intervention from Poor-, and knee extensor is Good+ after intervention from Poor, and the plantar flexor of the ankle joint improved from Poor- before intervention to Good after intervention and dorsi-flexor of the ankle joint improve to Good from Poor. Pain index was moderate before and after the intervention, with a score of 3, 2 after the intervention, and when maintaining the sitting cross-legged, the before intervention score was 7 to 4 after the intervention. Conclusion: The patient's posture of sitting cross-legged was maintained from 30 seconds before intervention to 14 minutes after intervention. These results were able to set the hypothesis design, intervention method and goal that the multifaceted approach of environment and individual factors as well as body function and structure area, activity and participation area using ICF checklists, it is helped the patient to return to daily life.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.871-874
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• 2011

Purpose: In some patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), Hypernasality can persist after surgical management. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is applied to these patients for treating hypernasality. The purpose of this study is to report follow-up results of postoperative CPAP therapy. Methods: After performing palatal lengthening, CPAP therapy was applied to three patients for eight weeks from July of 2008 to November of 2009. Perceptual evaluation, nasometry, and nasopharyngeal endoscopy were performed to evaluate hypernasality, nasalance and size of the gap at velopharyngeal port. Each evaluation was made before surgery, right after CPAP therapy and during follow-up of more than a year after CPAP therapy. Results: All of the patients showed improvement in hypernasality right after CPAP therapy according to the auditory perceptual evaluation, nasometry and nasopharyngeal endoscopy. But the improvement in hypernasality in these patients did not last during follow-up. Conclusion: In this study, our results suggest that CPAP therapy is effective in reducing hypernasality for postoperative VPI patients immediately after the therapy, but hypernasality may be worsen in some patients during follow-up. Therefore we recommend follow-ups after CPAP therapy to see if the efficacy of CPAP therapy lasts.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.288-293
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of gait training using functional electrical stimulation on the improvement of hemiplegic patients' functions for balance and gait velocity. The subjects of the experiment were determined to be 10 each hemiplegic patients who had been diagnosed with stroke or brain damage six months or longer earlier assigned to an experimental group and a control group respectively. The subjects were evaluated before the experiment using Tetrax and 10M gait tests, received gait training five times a week for four weeks using functional electrical stimulation and were evaluated after the experiment in the same method as used in the evaluation before the experiment. In order to examine differences between the experimental group that received gait training using functional electrical stimulation and the control group that was treated by functional electrical stimulation and received gait training thereafter, differences between before and after the experiment were analyzed using paired sample t-tests and differences in changes after the experiment between the experimental group and the control group were analyzed using independent sample t-tests in order to compare the two groups with each other. Experimental results showed significant differences in weight bearing, balance and gait velocity between before and after the experiment in the experimental group(p<.05). In the control group, whereas weight bearing and gait velocity did not show any significant difference between before and after the experiment(p>.05), balance showed significant differences(p<.05). Weight bearing, balance and gait velocity change rates showed significant differences between the experimental group and the control group(p<.05). In conclusion, it was indicated that gait training using functional electrical stimulation is effective for enhancing stroke patients' weight bearing rates, balance abilities and gait velocity.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2012

Objectives: The internal adaptation of composite restorations with or without resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) was analyzed non-destructively using Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Materials and Methods: Thirty intact human teeth were used. The specimens were divided into 3 groups. In the control group, the cavities were etched with 10% phosphoric acid for 15 sec. Composite resin was filled into the cavity without adhesive. In group 1, light cured glass ionomer cement (GIC, Fuji II LC, GC) was applied as a base. The cavities were then etched, bonded, light cured and filled with composites. In group 2, the cavities were then etched, bonded, light cured and filled with composites without base application. They were immersed in a 25% silver nitrate solution. Micro-CT was performed before and after mechanical loading. One-way ANOVA with Duncan analysis was used to compare the internal adaptation between the groups before or after loading. A paired t-test was used to compare internal adaptation before and after mechanical loading. All statistical inferences were made within the 95% confidence interval. Results: The silver nitrate solution successfully penetrated into the dentinal tubules from the pulp spaces, and infiltrated into the gap between restoration and pulpal floor. Group 2 showed a lower adaptation than the control group and group 1 (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the control group and group 1. For all groups, there was a significant difference between before and after mechanical loading (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The internal adaptation before and after loading was better when composites were bonded to tooth using adhesive than composites based with RMGIC.