• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.177-181
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the two prosthesis that used for total ankle arthroplasty. Materials and Methods: From Sept. 2003 to Jun 2006, 13 patients and 14 ankles that could be follow up more than 1 months. Semiconstrained type (Group I, 7 cases) and Unconstrained type (Group II, 7 cases) were used for total ankle arthroplasty. Mean age was 63.2 year-old, 12 ankles are men and 2 ankles were women. Mean follow up periods were 29 months. The criteria to compare the clinical result were postoperative range of motion, AOFAS score and residual bone stock of medial malleolus. Results: Postoperative range of motion of group I was $43.6{\pm}9.4$ degrees and of group II was $50.7{\pm}7.3$ degrees (p=0.115). Postoperative AOFAS score of group I was $77.1{\pm}13.0$ points and of group II was $86.0{\pm}5.7$ points (p=0.094). Resected bone stock in medial malleolus of group I was $10.7{\pm}2.5\;mm$ and of group II was $5.1{\pm}1.2\;mm$ (p=0.003). Total number of complication in our study was 9 cases. 3 cases were a malleolar fracture, two occurred at intra-operation, the other at follow-up period. Re-operation was done in 6 cases, 3 cases were calcaneal corrective osteotomy, 2 cases were resection of a heterotopic bone and one case was pedicular flap operation for skin problem. Conclusion: In our hospital, mobile bearing type prosthesis shows good result than a semiconstrained type in respect of residual bone stock in medial malleolus. Postoperative range of motion and AOFAS score between two groups shows no significant difference. But small number of patients and short term follow up period is a defect in our study, afterward more population and long term follow up period are needed.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 2010

Purpose: Anatomically, the foot is provided with insufficient blood supply and is relatively vulnerable to venous congestion compared to other parts of the body. Soft tissue defects are more difficult to manage and palliative treatments can cause hyperkeratosis or ulcer formation, which subsequently requires repeated surgeries. For weight bearing area such as the heel, not only is it important to provide wound coverage but also to restore the protective senses. In these cases, application of flaps for hind foot reconstruction is widely recognized as an effective treatment. In this study, we report the cases of soft tissue reconstruction for which various types of flaps were used to produce good results in both functional and cosmetic aspects. Methods: Data from 37 cases of hind foot operation utilizing flaps performed between from June 2000 to June 2008 were analyzed. Results: Burn related factors were the most common cause of defects, accounting for 19 cases. In addition, chronic ulceration was responsible for 8 cases and so forth. Types of flaps used for the operations, listed in descending order are radial forearm free flap (18), medial plantar island flap (6), rotation flap (5), sural island flap (3), anterolateral thigh free flap (2), lattisimus dorsi muscular flap (2), and contra lateral medial plantar free flap (1). 37 cases were successful, but 8 cases required skin graft due to partial necrosis in small areas. Conclusion : Hind foot reconstruction surgeries that utilize flaps are advantageous in protecting the internal structure, restoring functions, and achieving proper contour aesthetically. Generally, medial plantar skin is preferred because of the anatomical characteristics of the foot (e.g. fibrous septa, soft tissue for cushion). However alternative methods must be applied for defects larger than medial plantar skin and cases in which injuries exist in the flap donor / recipient site (scars in the vicinity of the wound, combined vascular injury). We used various types of flaps including radial forearm neurosensory free flap in order to reconstruct hind foot defects, and report good results in both functional and cosmetic aspects.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 1995

The radial forearm flap was first designed at the Ba-Ba Chung Hospital of People's Republic of China in 1978. The flap consists of the skin of the volar surface of the forearm, the subcutaneous fat, the underlying fascia, and the intramuscular fascia which includes the radial vessels. It is very useful flap in soft tissue coverage of skin defects of the upper and lower extremities. The authors have reported 13 cases of forearm free flap treated in the Korea University Hospital from January 1991 to Jun 1995 with a review of literature. The results were as follows. 1. We had good results in soft tissue coverage for all patients 2. The average size of flaps was $54cm^2$ and the average ischemic time of flaps was 74minutes. 3. The postoprative complication was occurred in three of 13 cases, two of three cases were arterial thrombosis treated with thrombectomy in postoperative 2 days, and one case was venous thrombosis resulted in superficial necrosis of the flap treated with STSG. 4. Forearm free flap with sensory innervation is a good donor site for reconstruction of weight-bearing areas of heel and sole. 5 The forearm free flap is suitable for soft tissue coverage of the upper and lower extremities, and can be used by skillful microsurgeon with high success rate.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 1994

The heel, with its specialized fat for shock absorption at heel strike and large surface area for balance and weight bearing, is a important component of normal ambulation. Despite of distinguished improvement in the field of microsurgical free flaps, the choice of reconstruction of the heel has been remained controversial. We reviewed 22 cases of the heel reconstruction using vascularized free flaps from January, 1980 through May, 1993 at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Korea University Hospital. The results were as follows: 1. The etiology was traumatic in 21 cases, and chronic ulceration due to burn in 1. 2. The arteries used in free flaps were 11 dorsalis pedis arteries, 2 deep circumflex iliac arteries, 2 supeficial iliac arteries, 2 branches of lateral femoral circumflex iliac arteries, 2 radial arteries, and 3 thorcodorsal arteries. 3. The mean size of the vascularized bone was $4.5cm{\times}3.5cm$, and that of skin flap was $12.1cm{\times}9.2cm$. 4. Of the 22 cases, 19 had a successful outcome and 3 in failure, the causes of failure were thrombosis and infection.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.45-55
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• 2009

The quality of railroad trackbed fills has been controlled by field measurements of density and bearing resistance of plate-load tests. The control measures are compatible with the design procedures whose design parameter is $k_{30}$ for both ordinary-speed railways and high-speed railways. However, one of fatal flaws of the design procedures is that there are no simple laboratory measurement procedures for the design parameters ($k_{30}$ or, $E_{v2}$ and $E_{v2}/E_{v1}$) in design stage. To overcome the defect, the compressional wave velocity was adopted as a control measure, in parallel with the advent of the new design procedure, and its measurement technique was proposed in the preliminary investigation. The key concept of the quality control procedure is that the target value for field compaction control is the compressional wave velocity determined at optimum moisture content using modified compaction test, and direct-arrival method is used for the field measurements during construction, which is simple and reliable enough for practice engineers to access. This direct-arrival method is well-suited for such a shallow and homogeneous fill lift in terms of applicability and cost effectiveness. The sensitivity of direct-arrival test results according to the compaction quality was demonstrated at a test site, and it was concluded that compressional wave velocity can be effectively used as quality control measure. The experimental background far the companion study (Park et al., 2009) was established through field and laboratory measurements of the compressional wave velocity.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.40-48
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• 2017

Purpose: Soft tissue reconstruction of a defect around the foot and ankle is a particularly challenging procedure due to the anatomical and functional characteristics of this area. Hence, only a limited number of treatment options are available. Moreover, if patients wish to avoid additional scars on the ipsilateral lower leg for cosmetic reasons, even fewer options are available for treatment. The authors used an anterolateral thigh perforator flap for soft tissue defects in this area, when other surgical options were inadequate. The aim of this study was to report the clinical results and the efficacy of this procedure. Materials and Methods: Sixteen cases of soft tissue defects around the foot and ankle were included. Participants included 12 male and 4 female subjects, and the mean age was 34 years. The most common cause of defect was acute trauma, and the average follow-up period was 33 months. Flap survival time, surgical complications, and ambulation status at the final follow-up stage were evaluated. Results: All 16 flaps successfully survived, except for one case with partial flap necrosis that was thought to be due to weight bearing earlier than scheduled. All patients were able to walk independently without any aid at the final follow-up stage. No patients showed other significant surgical complications. Conclusion: The anterolateral thigh perforator flap is a good alternative for soft tissue defects of the foot and ankle, when other options are not applicable. This study also demonstrated that surgery using an anterolateral thigh perforator flap is safe and highly reliable.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.71-86
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• 2000

According to Torrance, it is said that about 30% of feeble-headed children are bearing potential brilliant quality. Such potential gifted children exist really much more than children who appear to show their own brilliant quality. Nevertheless, research activity to reveal children's potential giftedness has not been relatively actively progressed. Renzulli, Smith and so on progresses research activity to reveal children's potential giftedness and strategies developed by them are being used widely all over the world, but these strategies show the defect that children can not overcome by themselves the interfered factors influenced negatively on their gift revelation. Russian scholar Babaeva made the effective education program to develop children's potential giftedness. Her program includes various activity methods or mental correct activity and psychological training activity and such training activity is realized through some steps and each step has it's own purpose and realization method. With the result that children discriminated as common children by the experimental study which is progressed by the present program participate, their standard of intelligence and originality showed the improved effect of the similar standard to children factors not a little influencing on children's giftedness development process but she also developed the leading concrete study method for the children to overcome this by themselves. In this paper, the present writer will examine potential giftedness development program researched in Russia and discuss their theoretic background and concrete activity course, activity result. Through this, children's have the excellent abilities in various spheres, this writer will obtain significant suggestions to educate the potential gifted children who do not display their own potentialities and do not receive a favor from gifted children program.