• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.494-500
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Evidence indicates that berry anthocyanins are anti-atherogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. However, berries differ vastly in their anthocyanin composition and thus potentially in their biological and metabolic effects. The present study compared hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of blueberry (BB), blackberry (BK), and blackcurrant (BC) in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high fat (HF; 35% fat, w/w) control diet or a HF diet supplemented with freeze-dried 5% BB, 6.3% BK or 5.7% BC for 12 weeks (10 mice/group) to achieve the same total anthocyanin content in each diet. Plasma lipids, antioxidant status and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured. The expression of genes involved in antioxidant defense, inflammation, and lipid metabolism was determined in the liver, epididymal adipose tissue, proximal intestine, and skeletal muscle. Histological analysis was performed to identify crown-like structure (CLS) in epididymal fat pads to determine macrophage infiltration. RESULTS: No differences were noted between the control and any berry-fed groups in plasma levels of liver enzymes, insulin, glucose, ferric reducing antioxidant power, superoxide dismutase, and tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$. However, BK significantly lowered plasma triglyceride compared with the HF control and other berries, whereas BC significantly reduced F4/80 mRNA and the number of CLS in the epididymal fat pad, indicative of less macrophage infiltration. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides evidence that BB, BK and BC with varying anthocyanin composition differentially affect plasma lipids and adipose macrophage infiltration in DIO mice, but with no differences in their antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory potential.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.287-294
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• 1994

New 3-phenyl-1-(2-furyl)propenones, 1 and 3-phenyl-1-(2-furyl)-3-thiophenyl-propanone, 2 derivatives were synthesized, and their fungicidal activities in vitro against Botrytis cineria (BC), Valsa ceratosperma (VC), Scelerotium cepivorum (SC) and Phytophthora capsici (PC) were investigated using a generalized structure-activity relationship (SAR). The activity of 1 was superior to those of 2, and nonsubstituent, 1a and chloro group substituent, 1d of E (Syn) conformer were the most effective $(EC_{50}=10{\sim}12\;ppm)$ compound to BC. Antifungal activities were able to predict to depend essentially on the ${\beta}$ carbon and their positive charge from the results that the good correlation $(r^2=0.90)$ was observed between hydrolysis rate constant (logk) of 1 and the electronic parameter $({\sigma})$ of X-substituent on the ${\beta}-phenyl$ ring.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.458-472
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• 2017

The optical properties and direct aerosol radiative forcing (DARF) of different aerosol components in $PM_{2.5}$ (water-soluble, insoluble, black carbon (BC), and sea-salt) were estimated using the hourly resolution data measured at Aewol intensive air monitoring site on Jeju Island during 2013, based on a modeling approach. In general, the water-soluble component was predominant over all other components with respect to its impact on the optical properties(except for absorbing BC) and DARF. The annual mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500 nm for the water-soluble component was $0.14{\pm}0.14$ ($0.04{\pm}0.01$ for BC). The total DARF at the surface ($DARF_{SFC}$) and top of the atmosphere ($DARF_{TOA}$), and in the atmosphere ($DARF_{ATM}$) for most aerosol components(except for sea-salt) during the daytime were highest in spring and lowest in fall and/or summer. The maximum $DARF_{SFC}$ of most aerosol components occurred around noon (12:00~14:00 LST) during all seasons, while the maximum $DARF_{TOA}$ occurred in the afternoon (13:00~16:00 LST) during most seasons (except for spring). In addition, the estimated $DARF_{SFC}$ and $DARF_{ATM}$ of the water-soluble component were -20 to $-59W/m^2$ and +3.5 to $+14W/m^2$, respectively, while those of BC were -18 to $-29W/m^2$ and +23 to $+37W/m^2$, respectively.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.122-131
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• 2008

In this paper, an S-band oscillator of the low phase noise property using miniaturized microstrip hairpin shaped ring resonator has been designed and implemented. The TACONIC's RF-35 substrate has a dielectric constant ${\varepsilon}_r$=3.5 a thickness h=20mil a copper thickness t=17 um and loss tangent $tan{\delta}$=0.0025. The designed and implemented 2.45 GHz oscillator shows low phase performance of -100.5 dBc/Hz a 100kHz offset. Output power 20.9 dBm at center frequency 2.45 GHz and harmonic suppression -32 dBc. The circuit was implemented with hybrid technique. But can be fully compatible with the RFIC's, MIC and MMIC due to its entirely planar structure.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.17 no.12 s.115
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• pp.1143-1149
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• 2006

The microstrip square open loop resonator has been employed to reduce the phase noise in VCO. The microstrip square open loop resonator has the large coupling coefficient value, which makes a high Q value, and has reduced the phase noise of VCO. To increase the tuning range of VCO, varactor diode has been connected at the tunable negative resistance in VCO. The output power and harmonic characteristics of VCO has been obtained 4.83 dBm and -28.83 dBc, respectively. The phase noise of VCO has been $-112.33{\sim}-116.16dBc/Hz$ @ 100 kHz in the tuning range, $5.735{\sim}5.845GHz$.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.47 no.12
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• pp.78-83
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• 2010

In this paper, a novel dual-band power amplifier using metamaterials has been realized with one RF GaN HEMT diffusion metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor. The CRLH TL can lead to metamaterial transmission line with the dual-band tuning capability. The dual-band operation of the CRLH TL is achieved by the frequency offset and the nonlinear phase slope of the CRLH TL for the matching network of the power amplifier. We have managed only the second- and third-harmonics to obtain the high efficiency with the CRLH TL in dual-band. Also, the proposed power amplifier has been realized by using the harmonic control circuit for not only the output matching network, but also the input matching network for better efficiency. Two operating frequencies are chosen at 900 MHz and 2140 MHz in this work. The measured results show that the output power of 39.83 dBm and 35.17 dBm was obtained at 900 MHz and 2140 MHz, respectively. At this point, we have obtained the power-added efficiency (PAE) and IMD of 60.2 %, -23.17dBc and 67.3 %, -25.67dBc at two operation frequencies, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.401-408
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• 2001

This paper shows the design, fabrication and performance analysis of VCO which plays a major role in 5.8 GHz RF module for ITS. The design specifications of the VCO are determined on the basis of 5.8 GHz RF modul performance requirements. The design parameters are optimized through ADS simulation tool. The operating characteristic and performance analysis of the implemented VCO based on the design parameters are accomplished. The frequency variations according to the voltage change(0 ~5 V) of varactor diode are from 5.42 GHz to 5.518 GHz and the power level is 6.5 dBm. The second harmonic suppression are -21.5 dBc at 5.51 GHz and the phase noise characteristics are -83.81 dBc at 10 kHz offset frequency. The implemented VCO is available to not only DSRC and also, 5.8 GHz other systems.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.22-27
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• 2007

In this paper, a novel voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) using the microstrip square open loop split ring resonator (OLSRR) is presented for reducing the phase noise. For this purpose, the square-shaped split ring resonator (SRR) haying the form of the microstrip square open loop is investigated. Compared with the microstrip square open loop resonator, the microstrip square OLSRR has the larger coupling coefficient value, which makes a higher Q value, and has reduced the phase noise of VCO. The VCO with 1.7V power supply has the phase noise of $-120\sim-116.5$ dBc/Hz @ 100 kHz in the tuning range, $5.746\sim5.854$ GHz. The figure of merit (FOM) of this VCO is $-200.33\sim-197$ dBc/Hz @ 100 kHz in the same tuning range.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.357-364
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• 2010

In a previous study, we mapped 12 QTLs for 1,000 grain weight (TGW) in the 172 $BC_2F_2$ lines derived from a cross between Oryza sativa ssp. Japonica cv. Hwaseongbyeo and O. rufipogon. These QTLs explained 5.4 - 11.4% of the phenotypic variance for TGW. Marker-aided selection combined with backcrosses was employed to develop QTL-NILs for each QTL. $BC_2F_2$ lines with each target QTL were backcrossed to Hwaseongbyeo twice and then allowed to self to produce $BC_4F_5$ populations. SSR markers linked to TGW were employed to select QTL-NILs with the respective target QTL. Six QTL-NILs with the recurrent parent, Hwaseongbyeo were evaluated for nine traits for three years from 2007 and 2009. Differences were observed between each of the 6 QTL-NILs and Hwaseongbyeo in TGW. In addition to TGW, these QTL-NILs displayed differences in other agronomic traits possibly indicating a tight linkage of genes controlling these traits. The direction of the QTL for TGW in 6 QTL-NILs was consistent as in the $BC_2F_2$ lines from the same cross. Difference in TGW between each of the QTL-NILs and Hwaseongbyeo was associated with the difference in one or two grain shape traits; grain length, grain width, and grain thickness. SSR markers linked to the QTL for TGW will facilitate selection of the grain shape character in a breeding program to diversify grain shape and provide the foundation for map-based gene isolation. Also, the QTL-NILs developed in this report and the progenies from crosses between the QTL-NILs will be useful in clarifying epistatic interactions among QTLs for TGW.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.11B
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• pp.1858-1863
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 SPD(Sampling Phase Detector)를 이용한 위상고정 방법의 무선 CATV용 위상 고정 유전체 공진 발진기(PLDRO)를 설계·제작하였다. 이 발진기는 하이브리드 형태인 12.875 GHz의 VCDRO(Voltage Controlled Dielectric Resonator Oscillator)와 완충 증폭기, 방향성 결합기, 주파수 체배기, 샘플링 위상 검출기, 루프 필터, 기준 주파수 발진기, VHF 증폭기로 구성되어 있다. 위상 고정 유전체 공진 발진기의 발진출력은 25.75 GHz에서 1.17 dBm, 기본주파수 억압 -27.83 dBc로 안정된 위상고정 상태를 나타내었다. 이때의 위상잡음은 -101.7 dBc/Hz @ 100KHz로 측정되었다.