• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2010

Electroless nickel plating on porous carbon substrate for the application of MCFC electrodes was investigated. Acidic and alkaline bath were used for the electroless nickel plating. The pore sizes of carbon substrates were 16-20 ${\mu}m$ and over 20 ${\mu}m$. The carbon surface was changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic after immersing the substrate in an ammonia solution for 40 min at $60^{\circ}C$. The contact angle of water was decreased from $85^{\circ}C$ to less than $20^{\circ}$ after ammonia pretreatment. The deposition rate in the alkaline bath was higher than that in the acidic bath. The deposition rate was increased with increasing pH in both acidic and alkaline bath. The content of phosphorous in nickel deposit was decreased with increasing pH in both acidic and alkaline bath. The contents of phosphorous is low in alkaline bath. The minimum concentration of $PdCl_2$ for the electroless nickel plating was 10 ppm in alkaline bath and 5 ppm in acidic bath. The thickness of nickel was not affected by the concentration of $PdCl_2$.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.53-66
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• 2021

Objective The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether herbal bath shortens the duration of pediatric fever. Methods Databases, such as Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane library, OASIS, KISS, KMBASE, CNKI, Wanfang Med Online were used to search randomized controlled trials. Those trials that included children younger than 18-year-old were evaluated for the clinical efficacy of herbal bath in fever by analyzing 'body temperature (BT) drop start time' and 'time to return to normal BT'. Results 12 studies or 1306 participants were analyzed in the study. When applying herbal bath in combination with the controlled treatment, 'BT drop start time' was decreased by 0.11 hours, and 'time to return to normal BT' was decreased by 10.94 hours compared to the controlled group. When comparing herbal bath with tepid bath, 'time to return to normal BT' was reduced by 8.19 hours in herbal bath group. In regards to safety, 3 studies out of 12 studies mentioned about its adverse events: 2 studies did not have any adverse events, and a minor needle-shaped bleeding had occurred in one of the studies. Conclusion Use of herbal bath as a treatment of fever in children was associated with shortened duration of fever. However, cautious interpretation is necessary due to its limited safety data.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.74-98
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• 2023

Objectives : This study aims to evaluate the add-on effect of herbal bath combined with acitretin in patients with psoriasis. Methods : We searched randomized controlled trials(RCTs) reporting the effect of herbal bath and acitretin combined treatment for psoriasis in 10 electronic databases from their inception to January 2023. Study collection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed by two independent researchers. Data synthesis and risk of bias evaluation was conducted using Revman 5.4. Results : Ten RCTs with 1,008 subjects were included. Herbal bath and acitretin combined treatment group showed higher average total effective rate than acitretin alone group(RR 1.39; 95% CI: 1.15-1.68, P=0.0006, I² =0%). Herbal bath and additional treatments such as phototherapy(NB-UVB) and oral herbal medicine, combined with acitretin group also showed higher average total effective rate than acitretin alone group(RR 1.81; 95% CI: 1.47-2.22, P<0.00001, I² =43%). Herbal bath and phototherapy(NB-UVB) combined with acitretin group also showed higher average total effective rate than acitretin alone group(RR 1.51; 95% CI: 1.18-1.93, P=0.0009, I² =0%). The overall risk of bias of the included studies was unclear or of high risks. Conclusions : This review showed that the add-on of herbal bath combined with acitretin treatment could be more effective than acitretin alone treatment in patients with psoriasis. However, because of few included studies, heterogeneity between studies, and insufficient quality of included studies, further well-designed RCTs are needed to confirm the add-on effect of herbal bath on psoriasis.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.352-357
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• 2006

The cotton fabrics were pretreated by sodium 2-(2,3-dibromopropionylamino)-5-(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazinylamino) benzenesulfonate (DBDCBS) at alkaline condition ofroom temperature and then dyed with four disperse dyes having amino groups (C.I. Disperse Yellow 9, C.I. Disperse Red 11, C.I. Disperse Blue 56 and C.I. Disperse Violet 1) at acidic condition of high temperature. A novel hetero-bifunctional bridge compound, DBDCBS, has two reactive groups such as dichloro-striazinyl group and ${\alpha},\;{\beta}$-dibromopropionylamido group. The first has reactivity towards hydroxy group of cellulosic fiber and the second shows reactivity towards amino groups of disperse dye containing amino groups. The results indicate that it is possible to dye polyester/cotton blend at one-bath dyeing using one kind of disperse dye containing amino groups. Therefore, two kinds of dyeing methods such as two-bath process one-bath dyeing and one-bath process one-bath dyeing were investigated and their dyeabilities were compared. The differences between these two methods were negligibly small so that perfect one-bath one-step dyeing of polyester/cotton blend by one kind of disperse dye was achieved.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.36-43
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• 2004

The effect of bath composition, plating condition and plating rate on the magnetic property of electroless Co-Cu-P deposits were investigated. With increasing $CuCl_2$ concentration in the bath, plating rate increased, while the Br value of deposit decreased sharply. Deposited surface were inferiority by the increase pH above 10.5, bath temperature higher than $80^{\circ}C$. Plating reaction had been ceased by the increase of pH above 11, bath temperature higher than $90^{\circ}C$ and under $40^{\circ}C$. The Br value of deposit was uniform with various concentration of complexing agent(sodium citrate) in the bath. The Br value of deposit was almost equal to that found by the addition of stabilizer (thiourea) and accelerator(NaF). The Br value of deposit was uniform in plating time(20min) and heat treatment temperature(below $200^{\circ}C$), and were confirmed to have adequate bath stability for practical use.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.80-87
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• 2001

Decorative properties of chromium depositions from oxalic acid bath containing chromium oxide and ammonium sulfate have been examined over a wide range of bath compositions and plating conditions. The obtained results from this experiment are summarized as follow: The followings were determined as a optimum conditions, bath compositions; $CrO_3\;200{\sim}250\;g/{\ell},\;H_2C_2O_4{\cdot}2H_2O\;500{\sim}700\;g/{\ell},\;(NH_4)_2SO_4\;40{\sim}120\;g/{\ell}$, and operation conditions; pH $2.0{\sim}2.5$, current density $15{\sim}250\;A/dm^2$ at bath temperature range of $30{\sim}80^{\circ}C$. Bright chromium deposits were obtained over a wide range of ammonium sulfate concentration and bath temperature. Decorative property for chromium deposition was adopted to apply stoichiometric ratio of $CrO_3$ concentration and $H_2C_2O_4{\cdot}2H_2O$.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.58-66
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• 2006

The effect of bath composition, plating condition and plating rate on the magnetic properties of electroless Ni-Cu-P deposits were investigated. With increasing $CuSO_4$ concentration in the bath, plating rate increased, while the Br value of deposits decreased Sharply. Plating rate increased up to 34% with the addition of 200ppm of NaF and 0.8ppm of Thiourea to the bath. Plating reaction had been ceased by the increase of pH above 11.3, bath temperature higher than $90^{\circ}C$ and under $70^{\circ}C$. The Br value of deposit was uniform with various concentration of complexing agent (Sodium citrate, Ethylenediamine) in the bath. The Br value of deposit was almost equal to that found by the addition of stabilizer(Thiourea) and accelerator(NaF). The Br value of deposit was uniform in plating time(120 min) and heat treatment temperature(below $200^{\circ}C$), and were confirmed to have adequate bath stability for practical use.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.13 no.3 s.31
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• pp.242-251
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in easy-care and strength properties of the wet fixation processed viscose rayon fabrics. Rayon fabrics were treated with mixed resins of melamine formaldehyde (MF) and DMDHEU by one bath and two bath wet fixation processes. The MF/DMDHEU mixed resin concentrations were 50/100, 50/150, 100/100, 100/150 and 150/100(g/1). Magnasium chloride was used as a catalyst. Treated fabrics were evaluated by nitrogen content, DP rating, wrinkle recovery angle, breaking strength, tearing strength and abrasion resistance. The properties were compared to the fabrics treated by conventional Pad-Dry-Cure (PDC) method. Wet fixation processed fabrics showed DP ratings of higher than 3 and higher than 275 degrees of wrinkle recovery angles in all the mixed resin concentrations. Wet fixation processed fabrics showed increase in breaking strength and tearing strength but decrease in abrasion resistance. However, the decrease in abrasion resistance was much less than the conventional PDC treated fabrics. The one bath wet fixation processed fabrics showed better physical properties than the two bath processed fabrics in general. The optimum treatment condition was the mixed resin concentration of MF/DMDHEU, 100/100 g/l in one bath wet fixation process.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of foot bath therapy on post-operation pain, stress, HRV of hand replantation patients. Methods: Quasi-experimental study design and non-equivalent control group pre & post test repeated measure design were employed for this experiment. 47 subjects were selected for this study. 25 subjects of experimental group participated in foot bath program had foot bath 11 times for 2 weeks; 22 subjects of control group didn't have foot bath. Pain was digitized numerically by using Visual Analogue Scale, stress was measured by stress perception questionnaire, and HRV was measured by using Cnopy9 (IEMBIO). Results: The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS 17.0 Win program. (1) The difference between experimental group and control group was shown statistically significant in aspect of pain (p<.05). (2) The difference between experimental group and control group was shown statistically significant in aspect of stress (p<.05). (3) The difference between experimental group and control group was not shown statistically significant in aspect of HRV (p>.05). Conclusion: Foot bath program was an effective intervention for pain loss and perception of stress reduction. But it wasn't effective for HRV.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.127-136
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine improvements in dye uptake, expression of various colors, and color fastness when washed or exposed to light. We examined these improvements by doing the combination dyeing of Juniperus chinensis heartwood and Alnus japonica heartwood extracts. In this study, two combination dyeing methods were used. One-bath dyeing involves combining Juniperus chinensis heartwood extract and Alnus japonica heartwood extract. Two-bath dyeing involves dyeing by sequence, which means that we dyed the Juniperus chinensis heartwood extract first and then dyed Alnus japonica heartwood extract sequentially (or in the opposite order). In terms of improving dye uptake, two-bath dyeing was more effective than one-bath dyeing. For cotton, dyeing Juniperus chinensis heartwood extract first and then dyeing Alnus japonica heartwood extract sequentially showed higher dye uptake in the two-bath method, while for silk, there wasn't much difference in the dyeing order. Through combination dyeing, red-violet color from Juniperus chinensis heartwood and brown color from Alnus japonica heartwood made various Y, YR, R series of color as a result. Moreover, combination dyeing improved fabric's fastness when washed or exposed to light. In the case of cotton, fabric dyed using two-bath dyeing, with Juniperus chinensis heartwood extract being the first dye, showed improvement in fastness to washing and light. And in the case of silk, fastness to washing and light improved regardless of dyeing order in two-bath dyeing.