• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.580-586
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• 2010

Acid and alkali pretreatments were applied to tofu processing waste (TPW) to increase the solubility of ingredients in TPW. Pretreatment at 1.0% of HCl and 2.5% of NaOH condition resulted in the increase of SCOD concentration from 3.2 g COD/L to 27 g COD/L and 33 g COD/L, respectively. The acid and alkali-pretreated TPW was studied for its fermentative $H_2$ production capacity in batch mode using a thermophillic mixed culture. Alkali pretreatment on presence of 2.5% NaOH exhibited more soluble portion released compared to acid pretreatment using HCl, however the $H_2$ production from acid pretreated TPW was better than alkali-pretreated TPW probably due to the sodium inhibition on microbial activity. In addition, sewage sludge was externally added to the acid-pretreated (1.0% HCl) TPW by 20% (on volume basis). Average H2 production rate was increased from 31 to 78 ml/L-broth/hr, and it was attributed to the high buffer capacity and abundant nutrients especially divalent cation in sewage sludge.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.4583-4591
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• 2010

Existing XML-based variable data publishing, in which a user has to manually prepare and edit template rules, is rather difficult for general users to create documents. Especially when processing large variable XML documents such as manuals or technical documents, fast document formatting is required to provide fast response speed for editing, which the existing batch processing cannot provide. This paper proposes a variable data publishing system with dynamic editing and formatting function, which support fast formatting upon user's request for large volume documents as well as for template editing through interaction by displaying the result of template-based variable documents on WYSIWYG screen. Proposed system can be effectively used for creating customized documents with many variable data that can be changed according to individual characteristics such as individual, company or area; source documents, template documents and formatted documents adopt XML, XSLT and XPath standards suggested by W3C, which facilitates extension to web document processing system.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.9D no.4
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• pp.555-560
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• 2002

Subsequence matching, which consists of index searching and post-processing steps, is an operation that finds those subsequences whose changing patterns are similar to that of a given query sequence from a time-series database. This paper discusses optimization of post-processing for subsequence matching. The common problem occurred in post-processing of previous methods is to compare the candidate subsequence with the query sequence for discarding false alarms whenever each candidate subsequence appears during index searching. This makes a sequence containing candidate subsequences to be accessed multiple times from disk, and also have a candidate subsequence to be compared with the query sequence multiple times. These redundancies cause the performance of subsequence matching to degrade seriously. In this paper, we propose a new optimal method for resolving the problem. The proposed method stores ail the candidate subsequences returned by index searching into a binary search tree, and performs post-processing in a batch fashion after finishing the index searching. By this method, we are able to completely eliminate the redundancies mentioned above. For verifying the performance improvement effect of the proposed method, we perform extensive experiments using a real-life stock data set. The results reveal that the proposed method achieves 55 times to 156 times speedup over the previous methods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.694-702
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to evaluate a de-watering filtrate treatment and the possibility of securing biological treatment capacity by changing the structure of the secondary clarifier. Accordingly, the column test was conducted to determine the effect of polymer in the de-watering filtrate on sludge sedimentation. Also, the characteristics of de-watering filtrate processing was evaluated through batch test and continuous processing operation. The results showed that sludge settling velocity increased with higher polymer concentration, and that effluent SS concentration was found to decrease. Regarding processing characteristics of de-watering filtrate, the removal efficiency of TSS and TBOD5 increased as the length of secondary clarifier was longer. Also, comparing injections into anoxic tank and secondary clarifier, de-watering filtrate by continuous infusion treatment process showed stability in both conditions. Therefore, by modifying the structure of secondary clarifier, efficient processing of de-watering filtrate is expected to be possible and processing capacity of small sewage treatment plants is considered to be improved.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.572-577
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• 2017

Background: Panax ginseng Meyer is cultivated because of its medicinal effects on the immune system, blood pressure, and cancer. Major ginsenosides in fresh ginseng are converted to minor ginsenosides by structural changes such as hydrolysis and dehydration. The transformed ginsenosides are generally more bioavailable and bioactive than the primary ginsenosides. Therefore, in this study, hydrothermal processing was applied to ginseng preparation to increase the yields of the transformed ginsenosides, such as 20(S)-Rg3, Rk1, and Rg5, and enhance antioxidant activities in an effective way. Methods: Ginseng extract was hydrothermally processed using batch reactors at $100-160^{\circ}C$ with differing reaction times. Quantitative analysis of the ginsenoside yields was performed using HPLC, and the antioxidant activity was qualitatively analyzed by evaluating 2,2'-azino-bis radical cation scavenging, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, and phenolic antioxidants. Red ginseng and sun ginseng were prepared by conventional steaming as the control group. Results: Unlike steaming, the hydrothermal process was performed under homogeneous conditions. Chemical reaction, heat transfer, and mass transfer are generally more efficient in homogeneous reactions. Therefore, maximum yields for the hydrothermal process were 2.5-25 times higher than those for steaming, and the antioxidant activities showed 1.6-4-fold increases for the hydrothermal process. Moreover, the reaction time was decreased from 3 h to 15-35 min using hydrothermal processing. Conclusion: Therefore, hydrothermal processing offers significant improvements over the conventional steaming process. In particular, at temperatures over $140^{\circ}C$, high yields of the transformed ginsenosides and increased antioxidant activities were obtained in tens of minutes.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.23-28
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• 2007

A number of batch isotherm and electrokinetic experiments were conducted in order to investigate the migration of zinc and its removal efficiency during electrokinetic soil processing. Sorption and desorption characteristics of zinc spiked kaolin clay have been examined by comparison with electrically induced desorption and precipitation occurring in the anode and cathode regions, respectively. The removal efficiency of zinc under the applied voltage gradient of 300 V/m was found to be up to approximately 80 % within 4 hours of the electrokinetic treatment. The study is significant with respect to the remediation of contaminated areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.596-600
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• 2013

We report here on the processing and manufacturing of thin film for printed electronics by micro-gravure coating system. The micro-gravure coating systems are consisted of various modules such as web and system tension controller, micro-gravure coating units, dispenser and hybrid dry units (UV, NIR, Hot air). Especially, for the optimization of system, the number of idle roller was minimized and tension isolating infeeder was included. Also, we applied four patterns circle, 45 degree, square and 35 degree for the optimizing coating thickness. The micro-gravure coating system which applied various patterns to enable continuous coating process and fast coating time compare with conventional batch coating system. In this paper, introduce of micro-gravure coating system and testing results of coating thickness (20~700nm), coating time (1~2sec) and surface roughness (3~12nm) by using micro-gravure coating system.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1187-1190
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• 2004

This paper presents a traveler guidance system that offers 3D street information such as road types, signal light systems, street trees, buildings, etc. We consider 5x4 road system of Gangnam(in Seoul, Korea) as a test area and reflect the traveler's car-driving situation. A web server is constructed to serve traveler's driving path by switching 3D animation scenes automatically. To do batch processing of geometric data for the 3D graphical streets construction, we have extracted major street information from present GIS database and created new GIS file formats (SMF files), which contain data sessions for links, nodes, and facilities. With these files, we can render 3D navigation scenes. A number of vector calculations were performed for the geometrical consistence and texture-mapping method was used for the realistic scene generation. Finally, we have verified the effectiveness of the service by operating a test scenario. We have checked whether traveler's 2D path and 3D navigation are exactly reported after setting specific departure and destination. This system offers us well awareness of streets and takes useful role of traveler guidance.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1993.10b
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• pp.30-35
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• 1993

Simple recurrence relations for calculating completion times of various storage polices (unlimited, intermediate storages(FIS), finite intermediate storages(FIS), no intermediate storage(NIS), zero wait(ZW) for serial multi-product multi-unit processes are suggested. Not only processing times but also transfer times, set-up (clean-up) times of units and set-up times of storages are considered. Optimal scheduling strategies with zero transfer times and zero set-up times had been developed as a mixed integer linear programniing(MILP) formulation for several intermediate storage policies. In this paper those with non-zero transfer times, non-zero set-up times of units and set-up times of storages are newly proposed as a mixed integer nonlinear programming(MINLP) formulation for various storage polices (UIS, NIS, FIS, and ZW). Several examples are tested to evaluate the robustness of this strategy and reasonable computation times.

• IE interfaces
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.450-462
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• 2003

In this paper, we deal with a process and layout design for producing a planned amount of Sikhye in a given limited time period under a reasonable production schedule. We represent a Sikhye production line as a vector N, the element of which denotes the number of tanks required in each process and our objective is to find an appropriate vector which minimizes the total investment cost. We suggest a systematic method for finding an appropriate N and an appropriate layout to N. In detail, first, we decide the required sequence of processes and the required operations for each process and we estimate standard operating times. Second, constructing a precedence diagram, we find a critical path in order to reduce the total production lead time for a batch of Sikhye. Third, given a limited N space, we manage to construct manually each production schedule using both the processing times of the critical operations and transfer times. Finally, we find an optimal vector N which gives a minimum investment cost and meets both the time constraint and quantity constraint. In addition, with the estimated relative size of each tank, we suggest an appropriate conceptual layout design including an expansion area for future demands, based on the span technique used in the field of architectural design.