• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.138-156
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• 2004

GPR(Ground Penetrating Radar) was used for imaging the interior of the historical masonry such as stone pagoda in order to provide the basic information of safely inspection. The scope of the imaging was restricted to the foundation part of stone pagoda that transferred the load of the pagoda to the ground. Kirchhoff migration and traveltime tomography was used for imaging the outer stone and the inside of stone pagoda, respectively. From the migrated images, we could measure the thickness and the shape of the boundaries of the outer stone in the foundation part. From the reconstructed tomograms for the physical model, we could get the GPR propagation velocity distribution and exactly find the position of the air in the model and calculate the average velocity with respect to the different filling materials. The properties and the shape of the interior materials of stone pagoda can be basic informations for the safety inspection.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2016

Recently, interest for environmental pollution in various fields is on the increase, and the researches on the life cycle assessment of environmental performance assessment method for calculating the environmental loads are currently most performed. It is expected to have a significant influence on the environment, since SOC infrastructures are go through a variety of materials, manufacturing process, however it is judged that researches and measures for environmental pollution is insufficient. In this study, we build the data for 204 of steel bridge designed after 2000 year, and the 100 of bridge which were selected to from obtained results were calculated the environmental loads at the planning stage based on the life cycle assessment. In addition, standard classification systems in work type for steel bridges were established. Based on this, the basic design data and input materials for the bridges are applied to the LCI DB, and the environmental load for required material is evaluated and is shown as Eco-point. Environmental loads obtained from this study, it is judged that can be utilized as a basic data for the process of the life cycle assessment in future steel bridge design.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.716-721
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• 2015

As the severity of environmental pollution has increased, restrictions on air pollution have been strengthened. Stringent regulations have been imposed, not only on marine diesel engines but also on automotive and industrial power plants. Thus, biofuels have been directly applied in practical engines and used in training ships for basic research. Even though a high biofuel percentage cannot be used in a training ship engine for safety reasons, because this type of engine is larger than those used in institutional laboratories, the results will provide important basic information that will allow organizations to determine the status of a large output. Biodiesel fuel was studied to determine how it would affect the combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions of a marine diesel generator engine. The main results can be summarized as follows. Because the physical and chemical compositions of biofuels are similar to those of diesel fuel, it was found that their practical use was possible in a training ship. The specific fuel consumption and NOx increased, whereas a tendency was found for carbon monoxide and soot to decrease. In addition, no significant pressure change difference was found between the diesel fuel and biofuels.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.401-404
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• 2008

Bridges are exposed to very severe environment and experience, as service life increased, elevated traffic load and traffic flow, in addition to natural disasters. In comparing to other road structures, bridges may cause more significant damage, such as human-involved accidents, to the society in the event of collapse. A certain level of service shall be necessarily secured to assure the minimum safety of users. The cost for manage and preserve bridges will increase gradually and more restrictions will be loaded to efficiently distribute the limited resources, such as monetary budget and human resource etc. In order to enhance performance and serviceability of bridges with the limited resource, asset management technique has been applied into the bridge management system, which capitalizes the road infrastructures including bridges and assess them in accordance with the government finance report. In the application of asset management, there must be a tool for assess the performance of bridges and this study introduces the basic information on the definition and role of performance measures for asset management for bridges.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.103-110
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• 2010

Recently, reducing usage of cement and using by-product of industry such as blast furnace slag and fly-ash have been increased to reduce $CO_2$ gas emission. That apply to construction. As a result, reduction of environmental stress and recycling of resources are expected. In this study, as basic study to the reuse of resources and reduce Environmental Load, comparing and analyzing hardening characteristics and durability as using the blast furnace slag and fly-ash, examining concrete characteristics substituted the three elements for the blast furnace slag and fly-ash and evaluating the relationship as binder. Through this, it want to provide the basic data for mass utilization. Blast furnace slag powder and replaced at fly-ash compressive strength of concrete in the strength of the initial seven days material age lower level of expression significantly compared to the concrete, but, 28 days after the similar or higher compressive strength than the concrete expression of the was. In addition, the reserves replacement of blast furnace slag powder salt injury increasing resistance are seen improvements, according to the conventional blast furnace slag powder study by the chloride ions on the surface of the concrete are improved being fixation salt injury resistance is considered.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.1249-1249
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• 2022

The facade, an exterior material of a building, is one of the crucial factors that determine its morphological identity and its functional levels, such as energy performance, earthquake and fire resistance. However, regardless of the type of exterior materials, huge property and human casualties are continuing due to frequent exterior materials dropout accidents. The quality of the building envelope depends on the detailed design and is closely related to the back frames that support the exterior material. Detailed design means the creation of a shop drawing, which is the stage of developing the basic design to a level where construction is possible by specifying the exact necessary details. However, due to chronic problems in the construction industry, such as reducing working hours and the lack of design personnel, detailed design is not being appropriately implemented. Considering these characteristics, it is necessary to develop the detailed design process of exterior materials and works based on the domain-expert knowledge of the construction industry using artificial intelligence (AI). Therefore, this study aims to establish a detailed design automation algorithm for AI-based condition-responsive exterior wall panels and their back frames. The scope of the study is limited to "detailed design" performed based on the working drawings during the exterior work process and "stone panels" among exterior materials. First, working-level data on stone works is collected to analyze the existing detailed design process. After that, design parameters are derived by analyzing factors that affect the design of the building's exterior wall and back frames, such as structure, floor height, wind load, lift limit, and transportation elements. The relational expression between the derived parameters is derived, and it is algorithmized to implement a rule-based AI design. These algorithms can be applied to detailed designs based on 3D BIM to automatically calculate quantity and unit price. The next goal is to derive the iterative elements that occur in the process and implement a robotic process automation (RPA)-based system to link the entire "Detailed design-Quality calculation-Order process." This study is significant because it expands the design automation research, which has been rather limited to basic and implemented design, to the detailed design area at the beginning of the construction execution and increases the productivity by using AI. In addition, it can help fundamentally improve the working environment of the construction industry through the development of direct and applicable technologies to practice.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1147-1154
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• 2008

Road runoff, one of non-point source pollutants, contains various heavy metals, most of which flow into discharge waters without being treated. The mechanism of removing the heavy metals in water is similar to that of removing micro-particles. Therefore, it is considered that it is possible to remove a lot of the heavy metals contained in the road runoff by filtering or absorbing them. In this paper, performed has been a basic study on the characteristics of UNFS (Up Flow Non-Point Source Filtering System) using carbide pellet and zeolite pellet as double-layer filtering mediums to treat the road runoff. The removal rate with filtering and absorption time has been shown as follows: 29.0% for Cr; 27.8% for Cd; 25.7% for Fe; 25.4% for Co; 21.2% for Pb; ]9.6% for Zn; 18.2% for Al; 17.0% for Mn; 11.3% for Ni; 7.5% for Cu. The overall removal rate according to influx change has been shown to be approximately 30%, and the load of heavy metals flowing out in initial precipitation could be reduced by using carbide as a recycling filtering medium. When the removal as coarse particles settle is added up, it is expected that UNFS will result in a higher removal rate.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.26-32
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• 2005

This study was purposed to provide basic information on the correct application of a wheelchair's backrest angle by investigating the change in cardiopulmonary function according to backrest angle during propulsion. This study examined the effects of the wheelchair's backrest angle on the cardiopulmonary function by varying the angle to $0^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$ and $20^{\circ}$ with a propulsion velocity of 60 m/min. The experimental parameters were respiration rate, oxygen consumption rate and oxygen consumption rate/kg which were measured by a portable wireless oxygen consumption meter (COSMED, $K4b^2$). The results of the study were as follows: 1) There were no statistically significant differences in respiration rates due to changes in the wheelchair backrest angle (p>.05). 2) There were statistically significant differences in oxygen consumption rates due to changes in the wheelchair backrest angle (p<.05). 3) There were also statistically significant differences in the oxygen consumption rate/kg due to changes in the wheelchair backrest angle (p<.05). In conclusion, changes in the backrest angle of wheelchairs during propulsion influences oxygen consumption rates and heart rates, while respiration rates are not affected. Therefore, a training program for good seating and posture needs to be provided, and the wheelchair seating system should be equipped with the unadjustable-angle wheelchair to reduce the functional load on the cardiopulmonary system.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.160-169
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• 2013

Objectives: This survey was performed to investigate attitudes of western medicine doctors (WMD) and Korean medicine doctors (KMD) toward Korean medicine education (KME) to provide basic data for developing effective KME programs. Methods: We selected study objects in western medicine (WM) - Korean medicine (KM) collaborative institutions and structured questionnaires were administered to both WMD and KMD for comparison. The data from 167 WMD and 135 KMD were analyzed statistically by frequency, ${\chi}^2$ test and T-test analysis. Results: 61.1% of WMD have never experienced KME and 15% were not interested in cooperative practices and research. Most KME was done in medical schools (45%) and only 5% in residency education. WMD interested or experienced in cooperation have had more KME than the uninterested and inexperienced groups. Intentions of WMD to cooperative practices and research made a difference on the willingness to take KME, while relevant experiences didn't. WMD and KMD differed in ideas about major KME topics; WMD put the greatest emphasis on the herb-drug interaction, while KMD did on KM diagnosis and treatment. They also have different views on the optimal KME course load. Conclusions: For successful collaboration, more continuing KME and motivation for cooperation is required for WMD. Improvements are also needed in the form and contents of KME to meet the demands of learners.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

Laboratory workers, in resource-poor countries, still consider PCR detection of Giardia lamblia more costly and more time-consuming than the classical parasitological techniques. Based on 2 published primers, an in-house one-round touchdown PCR-RFLP assay was developed. The assay was validated with an internal amplification control included in reactions. Performance of the assay was assessed with DNA samples of various purities, 91 control fecal samples with various parasite load, and 472 samples of unknown results. Two cysts per reaction were enough for PCR detection by the assay with exhibited specificity (Sp) and sensitivity (Se) of 100% and 93%, respectively. Taking a published small subunit rRNA reference PCR test results (6%; 29/472) as a nominated gold standard, G. lamblia was identified in 5.9% (28/472), 5.2%, (25/472), and 3.6% (17/472) by PCR assay, $RIDA^{(R)}$ Quick Giardia antigen detection test (R-Biopharm, Darmstadt, Germany), and iodine-stained smear microscopy, respectively. The percent agreements (kappa values) of 99.7% (0.745), 98.9% (0.900), and 97.7% (0.981) were exhibited between the assay results and that of the reference PCR, immunoassay, and microscopy, respectively. Restriction digestion of the 28 Giardia-positive samples revealed genotype A pattern in 12 and genotype B profile in 16 samples. The PCR assay with the described format and exhibited performance has a great potential to be adopted in basic clinical laboratories as a detection tool for G. lamblia especially in asymptomatic infections. This potential is increased more in particular situations where identification of the parasite genotype represents a major requirement as in epidemiological studies and infection outbreaks.