• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.87-97
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• 2018

This study aimed to identify the effects of advertisement properties in PPL-used cosmetic convergence advertisements on brand attitude and purchasing intention and provide basic data that can be used for PPL marketing in cosmetics industry. For the purpose, this study interviewed female college students using a questionnaire and analysed 494 copies of the responses except 6 ones whose responses were insincere using SPSS v. 21.0. As a result, it was discovered that informativeness and entertainment as sub-factors of advertisement properties had statistically significant positive (+)effects on brand attitude while discomfort had statistically significant negative(-) effect on it. Also, informativeness and entertainment had statistically significant positive (+)effects on purchasing intention. Therefore, as PPL that breaks the contents and flow of dramas or movies decreases advertisement effects and purchasing intention, PPL advertisements should naturally present information on cosmetic products in dramas or movies.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.145-165
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• 2020

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to suggest strategies and solutions for entering China in the tariff and non-tariff sectors of the cosmetic industry. Design/methodology/approach - This study analyzed the import tariff rate of cosmetics in China, and analyzed the export cost by actually interviewing the exporting companies to derive the economic effect of non-tariff measures. Findings - First, We proposed the use of the FTA business model (basic cosmetics), the use of Korea-China FTA tariffs (foam cleansing, toothpaste), and the use of APTA tariffs (perfume). Second, We proposed cooperation between the governments to facilitate customs clearance procedures and improvement of FTA awareness among corporate practitioners. Third, We proposed the expansion and support of the AEO MRA system and the expansion of Korea-China MOU conclusions regarding the certification system, and the international standardization of domestic licensing system and technical conditions. Fourth, We proposed the use of government-supported projects related to obtaining overseas certifications and overseas expansion through collaboration with the same industry. Research implications or Originality - HS3304 products excluded from the Korea-China FTA should take full advantage of the FTA business model. In addition, the non-tariff measure costs are fixed costs per year, so the ratio decreases as the number of exports and export volume increases.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.403-409
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• 2013

This study has assessed the anti-oxidative activities and cytotoxic effects of Lithospermum erythrorhizon ethanol extract and measured the effects of tyrosinase inhibition activities with a goal of estimating the usage of the medicinal plant as an ingredient of cosmetics. First, to perform a basic test on the extract, pH and UV-spectrum were measured. According to the measurement, the extract had control functions at pH 5.5, and maximum absorbance occurred at 530nm. In particular, DPPH (1-1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl)-inhibiting activity (IC50) and polyphenol content were 149.81 ${\mu}g/mL$ and $51.28{\pm}2.52$ mg/mL respectively. In addition, as extract concentration increased, tyrosinase inhibition activities improved as well. In raw 264.7 cell-based MTT assay, cell survival rates were 98% at 1000 ppm and 153% at 100 ppm. Therefore, it's been confirmed that there is almost no cytotoxin. According to the test results above, it appears that the Lithospermum erythrorhizon ethanol extract would be effective in anti-oxidation and application as a cosmetic ingredient.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.203-209
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• 2014

Candelilla wax-in-water nanoemulsions stabilized by Span 80/Tween 80 were prepared by the phase inversion composition (PIC) method. Stable nanoemulsions with droplet diameters below 50 nm could be formed when the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values were between 13.5 and 14.5, surfactant concentration was 5.0 wt%, and the surfactant-wax ratio was 1:1. Increased emulsification temperature and cooling rate were found to improve the emulsion properties. Process of PIC (adding aqueous phase to the wax phase) produced smaller droplet size nanoemulsion compared to the process of adding wax phase to the aqueous phase. The stability of these nanoemulsions was assessed by following the change in droplet diameters with time of storage at room temperature (${\sim}25^{\circ}C$). The size remained constant during 2 months storage time.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.101-123
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• 2005

This article focused on all that matter that effect brand switching. For that we selected college students especially live inner city and outskirts of Seoul. also this empirical study limits sample to female only. The reason is this study will only concentrate on the usage of cosmetics that for basic skin care products. we presume the brand switching factors would be advertising satisfaction of product, promotion, anecdotal effect of gods, corporate image and brand image. The results shows our study frame was apparently accurate. we expect the finding about brand switching on this article gives some weighted clues to establish brand switching marketing strategies. Because our study deals with new tendencies of the newest generation that use basic skin care products.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.145-148
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• 2003

Previously, we reported that L-PCA enhanced blood circulation by modulating constitutive NO production. It was that L-PCA increased L-Arg uptake into endothelial cell, followed by the enhancement of NO production. Then we recommended the use of L-PCA for cosmetics, not only as humectants but also as enhancer of blood circulation. Since L-Arg is transported into endothelial cells by CAT (cationic amino acid transporter), it is expected that L-PCA also increase the uptake of basic amino acid, L-Lys. In this study, the uptakes of some amino acids into cells were evaluated by using 3H-labelled amino acid. Then we found the tendency that the uptake of L-Lys into endothelial cells was also enhanced by L-PCA. And the evident effect was observed in the epidermal fibroblasts, which had also CAT. Furthermore, it was found that the transportation of the other type of amino acids were not enhanced by L-PCA. That is to say, a famous moisturizer, L-PCA, has some effects on basic amino acid transport into cells.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.313-322
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• 2013

Ultraviolet irradiation in the cells and skin produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induces the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) causing skin photoaging. Using the human dermal fibroblast (HDF), we investigated the antioxidative and anti-aging effects of the extracts from Talinum paniculatum. Talinum paniculatum leaf and stem extracts (LSE) showed free radical scavenging effect by 98.45% at 500 ${\mu}g/mL$ and superoxide radical scavenging effect by 97.01% at 500 ${\mu}g/mL$ in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system. The photoprotective potential of LSE was tested in HDF exposed to ultraviolet irradiation. It was revealed that LSE had an inhibitory effect on MMP-1 expression in UVA-irradiated HDF without any significant cytotoxicity. The treatment of UVA-irradiated HDF with LSE resulted in dose-dependent decreases in the expression levels of MMP-1 mRNA and protein. Also, UVB-induced cytotoxicity and cell death were effectively suppressed by treatment of LSE. Additionally, the senescence-associated ${\beta}$- galactosidase (SA-${\beta}$-gal) activity was decreased in the presence of LSE. These results suggest that Talinum paniculatum leaf and stem extracts (LSE) may have anti-aging effects and can be used as new functional materials against oxidative stress-mediated skin damages.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.555-560
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• 2016

This study attempted to secure competitiveness in the cosmetics market and provide basic data needed to promote sales and PR after reflecting consumer demands and needs in the development of cosmeceuticals. For this, it investigated their perception regarding the ingredients and efficacies of cosmeceuticals and repurchase intention among a total of 193 adults in their 20-50s who have had prior experience of buying these types of products from an online shopping mall as the importance of cosmeceuticals is emerging. According to a survey on consumer perceptions regarding the ingredients of cosmeceuticals by gender, there was a clear difference between men and women. In particular, when asked about the ingredients of whitening cosmetics, the percentage of male respondents was as low as 30.8% with a significant difference between men and women (t=31.688,p<0.001). In addition, most consumers were very aware of the efficacies of the ingredients of cosmeceuticals on the skin. In terms of actual repurchase intention, however, a significant difference was found by gender and product type in 3 different cosmeceuticals. In other words, men were lower than women in terms of awareness of cosmeceuticals and repurchase intention. Therefore, the development of a plan which satisfies both men and women, easily labels ingredients and meets consumer needs and demands through proper pricing policy are needed during the development of cosmeceuticals.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.4 s.54
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• pp.305-310
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• 2005

To obtain effective and safe depigmenting agents, we investigated the effects of Scirpi rhizoma, a medicine among Chinese herbs, on melanogenesis. Dried S. rhizoma was refluxed with 70% aqueous ethanol and the extract was evaporated to dryness. To determine the effects as a whitening agent, various in vitro tests were performed such as free radical scavenging activity, melanin formation assay, tyrosinase activity and expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2(western blot and RT-PCR) in B16 melanoma cells. S. rhizoma showed scavenging activities of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the $IC_{50}\;of\;638{\mu}g/mL$ against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and $21.7{\mu}g/mL$ against superoxide radicals in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. S. rhizoma significantly inhibited melanin production in B16 melanoma cells. S. rhizoma treatment(48 h) suppressed the biosynthesis of melanin up to 27% at 100{\mu}g/mL$ and reduced tyrosinase activity up to 31% at $100{\mu}g/mL$ in B16 melanoma cells. S. rhizoma was also able to significantly inhibit tyrosinase and TRP-1 expression in protein and mRNA level. These results suggest that S. rhizoma inhibited melanin biosynthesis by regulating tyrosinase activity and expression in B16 melanoma cells. Therefore, S. rhizoma may be useful as a new antioxidant and whitening agent to inhibit melanogenesis.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2010

The water fern Azolla belongs to the Azollaceae and forms a symbiotic association with a $N_2$-fixing cyanobacterium, referred to as Anabaena azollae, and this association has currently been demonstrated to have potential as a nitrogen source for rice production. Because of that, Azolla fern has been used not only as organic manure in southern China and northern Vietnam for a long time but also as food for animate creatures in the underwater and decontaminant in the water. However, the phenolic compounds and active materials of Azolla have not been examined in detail in the past studies. In the present study, anti-oxidant ability test and experiment to find a particular active material of Azolla imbricata and Azolla imbricata fraction (AIF) were performed. In anti-oxidant test such as DPPH test and lipoxygenase inhibition test, the value of test represented high activities compared with authentic sample - green tea and NDGA (nordihydroguaiaretic acid). In MMP-1 test, related to collagen protection and elasticity of skin, its inhibitory effect was measured over 75 %, and the phenolic compounds of AIF related with this activity were confirmed luteolin derivatives by using FT-IR spectroscopy, element analyzer (EA) and Liquid chromatography-MASS spectroscopy.