• 농약과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.456-462
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• 2010

고추 주요 재배지에서 2005년부터 2008년까지 4년에 걸쳐 채집한 180개의 고추 역병균 Phytophthora capsici을 대상으로 carboxylic acid arnide(CAA)계열의 benthiavalicarb, iprovalicarb, dimethomorph에 대한 감수성/저항성 반응을 검정하였다. 실험에 사용한 3가지 살균제에 대한 $EC_{50}$값(병원균의 균사생장을 50% 억제하는 농도)은 benthiavalicarb가 0.033(0.015-0.049) ${\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$, iprovalicarb가 0.411(0.197-0.556) ${\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$, dimethomorph가 0.271(0.101-0.798) ${\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$로 나타났다. Benthiavalicarb와 iprovalicarb는 포장에서 살균제를 사용하기 시작한 2007년부터의 $EC_{50}$값과 사용하기 전의 $EC_{50}$값 간에 차이가 없었으며, 병원균의 $EC_{50}$값에 의한 분포에서도 저항성균의 발현은 찾아볼 수 없었다. Dimethomorph 역시 포장에서 저항성균이 발현하지는 않았지만, 연도별도 병원균의 $EC_{50}$값이 서서히 상승하고 있는 경향을 보여 주었다. 다른 작용기작을 갖는 metalaxyl과의 교차저항성 관계를 구명하기 위하여 $R^2$값을 조사하였는데, benthiavalicarb, iprovalicarb, imethomorph 각각과 metalaxyl과의 $R^2$값은 0.001, 0.009, 0.069로 매우 낮아 전혀 상관관계가 성립하지 않았다. 같은 계열에 속하는 mandipropamid와 실험에 사용한 세 종류의 살균제 각각의 상관관계를 조사한 결과, 유사한 화학구조를 지니는 benthiavalicarb와 iprovalicarb, 그리고 dimethomorph와 mandipropamid간의 상관관계가 인정되었다. 하지만 동일한 CAA계열의 다른 살균제와는 상관관계가 인정되지 않았다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.200-206
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 예인 음탐기용 음향패키지에 대한 수신전압감도 특성을 분석하기 위해 수치해석과 실험계획법을 적용하였다. 수치해석 결과는 초기 설계된 음향패키지의 구조 공진 모드 특성으로 인한 수신전압감도 변화를 보여준다. 수신전압감도 편차를 줄이기 위해 도출된 음향패키지 설계 변수의 영향은 실험계획법을 통해 분석하였다. 수신전압감도 편차는 수중청음기 쉴드캔 두께(t)의 변화에 가장 민감한 것을 확인하였다. 수조시험 결과 실험계획법에 의해 도출된 음향패키지는 수신전압감도 편차가 감소됨을 확인하였다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.317-321
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• 2009

Sensitivity to the new carboxylic acid amide fungicide, mandipropamid, of Phytophthora capsici causing pepper Phytophthora blight was determined on 187 isolates collected in Korea over 3 years, from 2005 to 2007. All isolates were sensitive to mandipropamid, with $EC_{30}$ values for growth of mycelia ranging from 0.001 to $0.037\;{\mu}g/ml$. Among the isolates, 147 (79.0%) isolates were sensitive to metalaxyl, whereas others were resistant to this fungicide. Mandipropamid had the same effect on mycelium growth of both metalaxyl-sensitive and metalaxyl-resistant isolates, indicating an absence of cross-resistance between these two fungicides. Comparison of the sensitivities of P. capsici isolates showed a positive correlation between sensitivity to mandipropamid and dimethomorph ($r^2$=0.8533). The results of this study indicate that there is no evidence for development of resistance to mandipropamid in this population of P. capsici isolates collected in Korea.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.163-181
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• 2012

비정규직 재직자 직업능력개발에 대한 훈련 효과 추정을 위해 이 연구에서는 통계청의 경활 자료와 비모수적 매칭 방법을 사용하였다. 추정결과 재직자 직업능력개발 훈련은 정규직 자에게는 정규직 유지가능성을 높이고 비정규직 자에게는 임금보다는 정규직 전환확률을 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 미관찰 요인에 의한 추정결과의 강건성을 알아보는 민감도 분석에서는 미관찰 요인은 추정결과에 크게 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.168-175
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• 2017

Objectives: This double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated the ability of a desensitizing agent and a self-etch adhesive on cervical dentin sensitivity (CDS) after periodontal surgery. Materials and Methods: Ninety hypersensitive teeth of 13 subjects were included in the study. After periodontal surgery, the teeth of each posterior sextant treated with one of the following materials: G1: Clearfil $S^3$ Bond (Kuraray Dental), G2: Gluma Desensitizer (Heraeus Kulzer), and G3: placebo (water). The sensitivity was assessed using evaporative stimuli before treatment (baseline, T0), 1 day after treatment (T1), after 1 week (T2), and 1 month (T3) according to visual analog scale (VAS). Results: Following the treatment, all the 3 groups showed significant reduction of CDS in T1 compared to T0. Reduction of CDS between T1 and T2 was observed only in G1 but there was no significant difference between T2 and T3 in this group. Although we observed a significant difference in T3 compared to T1 and T2 in G2 and G3, comparison of treatment groups in each assessment time showed a significant difference only in T3. According to paired comparison, this was due to the difference between G2 and G3. Conclusions: Dentin sensitivity following periodontal surgery will decrease spontaneously over time, but treating the sensitive teeth with Gluma Desensitizer and Clearfil $S^3$ Bond can have some benefits.

• 대기
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2013

We examine the effects of the sea surface temperature (SST) distribution on heavy snowfall over the Yellow Sea using high-resolution SST products and WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model simulations in 30 December 2010. First, we evaluate the model by comparing the simulated and observed fresh snowfall over the Korean peninsula (Ho-Nam province). The comparison shows that the model reproduces the distributions and magnitudes of the observed snowfall. We then conduct sensitivity model simulations where SST perturbations by ${\pm}1.1^{\circ}C$ relative to baseline SST values (averaged SST for $5{\sim}15^{\circ}C$) are uniformly specified over the region of interest. Results show that ${\pm}1.1^{\circ}C$ SST perturbation simulations result in changes of air temperature by $+0.37/-0.38^{\circ}C$, and by ${\pm}0.31^{\circ}C$ hPa for sea level pressure, respectively, relative to the baseline simulation. Atmospheric responses to SST perturbations are found to be relatively linear. The changes in SST appear to perturb precipitation variability accounting for 10% of snow and graupel, and 18% of snowfall over the Yellow Sea and Ho- Nam province, respectively. We find that anomalies of air temperature, pressure, and hydrometeors due to SST perturbation propagate to the upper part of cloud top up to 500 hPa and show symmetric responses with respect to SST changes.

• 천문학회지
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2019

In this paper we introduce a software package, the Very long baseline interferometry Network SIMulator (VNSIM), which provides an integrated platform assisting radio astronomers to design Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) experiments and evaluate the network performance, with a user-friendly interface. Though VNSIM is primarily motivated by the East Asia VLBI Network, it can also be used for other VLBI networks and generic interferometers. The software package not only integrates the functionality of plotting (u, v) coverage, scheduling the observation, and displaying the dirty and CLEAN images, but also adds new features including sensitivity calculations for a given VLBI network. VNSIM provides flexible interactions on both command line and graphical user interface and offers friendly support for log reports and database management. Multi-processing acceleration is also supported, enabling users to handle large survey data. To facilitate future developments and updates, all simulation functions are encapsulated in separate Python modules, allowing independent invoking and testing. In order to verify the performance of VNSIM, we performed simulations and compared the results with other simulation tools, showing good agreement.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The immigrant population has grown considerably in South Korea since the early 1990s due to international marriages. Dietary changes in immigrants are an important issue, because they are related to health and disease patterns. This study was conducted to compare changes in dietary intake between baseline and follow-up periods. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Two hundreds thirty three Vietnamese female married immigrants. Baseline data were collected during 2006-2009, and the follow-up data were collected during 2008 and 2010. Food consumption was assessed using a 1-day 24-hour recall. RESULTS: The amount of the total food consumed (P < 0.001) including that of cereals (P = 0.004), vegetables (P = 0.003), and fruits (P = 0.002) decreased at follow-up compared to that at baseline, whereas consumption of milk and dairy products increased (P = 0.004). Accordingly, the overall energy and nutrient intake decreased at follow-up, including carbohydrates (P = 0.012), protein (P = 0.021), fiber (P = 0.008), iron (P = 0.009), zinc (P = 0.006), and folate (P = 0.002). Among various anthropometric and biochemical variables, mean skeletal muscle mass decreased (P = 0.012), plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol increased, (P = 0.020) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein decreased at follow-up (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A long-term follow-up study is needed to investigate the association between changes in food and nutrient intake and anthropometric and biochemical variables in these Vietnamese female marriage immigrants.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.797-802
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• 2015

Background: The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the predictive value of perfusion computed tomography (CT) for response of local advanced esophageal carcinoma to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: Before any treatment, forty-three local advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinomas were prospectively evaluated by perfusion scan with 16-row CT from June 2009 to January 2012. Perfusion parameters, including perfusion (BF), peak enhanced density (PED), blood volume (BV), and time to peak (TTP) were measured using Philips perfusion software. Seventeen cases received definitive radiotherapy and 26 received concurrent chemo-radiotherapy. The response was evaluated by CT scan and esophagography. Differences in perfusion parameters between responders and non-responders were analyzed, and ROCs were used to assess predictive value of the baseline parameters for treatment response. Results: There were 25 responders (R) and 18 non-responders (NR). Responders showed significantly higher BF (R:34.1 ml/100g/min vs NR: 25.0 ml/100g/min, p=0.001), BV (23.2 ml/100g vs 18.3 ml/100g, p=0.009) and PED (32.5 HU vs 28.32HU, P=0.003) than non-responders. But the baseline TTP (R: 38.2s vs NR: 44.10s, p=0.172) had no difference in the two groups. For baseline BF, a threshold of 36.1 ml/100g/min achieved a sensitivity of 56%, and a specificity of 94.4% for detection of clinical responders from non-responders. Conclusions: The results suggest that the perfusion CT can provide some helpful information for identifying tumors that may respond to radio-chemotherapy.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.195-203
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• 2021

Purpose: Neurodynamic tests are used to examine neural tissue in patients with neuro-musculoskeletal disorders, although this has not yet been established in the intensity of nerve tension application. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of neural stretching intensity on nerve excitability using the latency and amplitude of nerve conduction velocity test (NCV) analysis. Methods: Thirty young, healthy male and female subjects (mean age = 21.30 years) voluntarily participated in this study. Nerve excitability was assessed using the median sensory NCV test. The latency and amplitude of the NCV test were measured under four different conditions: reference phase (supra-maximal stimulus, without neural stretching), baseline phase (2/3 of the supra-maximal stimulus, without neural stretching), weak stretch phase (2/3 of the supra-maximal stimulus, with weak neural stretching), and strong stretch phase (2/3 of the supra-maximal stimulus, with strong neural stretching). Results: The NCV latency was significantly delayed after one minute of neural stretching at the baseline, weak phase, and strong phase in comparison with the reference phase. The NCV latency was significantly delayed by increasing the strength of neural stretching. Furthermore, the NCV amplitude was significantly increased at the weak and strong phases, which were under neural stretching, in comparison with the baseline phase. The NCV amplitude was significantly increased by increasing the strength of the neural stretching. Conclusion: Transient neural stretching as a neurodynamic test can increase the sensitivity of the nerve without negatively affecting the nervous system. However, based on the results of this study, strong neural stretching in the neurodynamic test may delay the transmission of nerve impulses and hypersensitivity.