• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.236-242
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• 2014

Isospecific propylene polymerization behavior of meta- and para-Lewis base (E) functionalized unbridged zirconocenes ($[1-(E_n-Ph)-3,4-Me_2C_5H_2]_2ZrCl_2$, E = $NMe_2$, OMe; n = 1 or 2) was investigated under bulk conditions. Catalytic activity of the zirconocenes, and molecular weight and isotacticity of polypropylenes are found to be dependent on the position and number of the Lewis base functional groups in the zirconocenes. All the crude polypropylenes possess a broad molecular weight distribution and multi-melting transitions, indicating an involvement of multi-catalytic active species in the polymerization. The highest [mmmm] value of an isotactic portion of the polypropylenes reached 89%, which is higher than that (85%) from the well-known $C_2$-symmetric EBIZr (rac-$Et(Ind)_2ZrCl_2$) catalyst. These results support that the in situ generated, rigid rac-like cation-anion pair through the Lewis acid-base interactions between the functional groups of zirconocenes and methylaluminoxane anion is effective in the formation of isotactic polypropylene under bulk propylene polymerization conditions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.891-901
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• 2024

This study focuses on improving the 3D printability of pea protein with the help of food inks designed for jet-type 3D printers. Initially, the food ink base was formulated using nanocellulose-alginate with a gradient of native potato starch and its 3D printability was evaluated. The 3D-printed structures using only candidates for the food ink base formulated with or without potato starch exhibited dimensional accuracy exceeding 95% on both the X and Y axes. However, the accuracy of stacking on the Z-axis was significantly affected by the ink composition. Food ink with 1% potato starch closely matched the CAD design, with an accuracy of approximately 99% on the Z-axis. Potato starch enhanced the stacking of 3D-printed structures by improving the electrostatic repulsion, viscoelasticity, and thixotropic behavior of the food ink base. The 3D printability of pea protein was evaluated using the selected food ink base, showing a 46% improvement in dimensional accuracy on the Z-axis compared to the control group printed with a food ink base lacking potato starch. These findings suggest that starch can serve as an additive support for high-resolution 3D jet-type printing of food ink material.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.954-957
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• 2005

In order to implement Artificial Intelligence, various technologies have been widely used. Artificial Intelligence is applied for many industrial product and machine tools are the center of manufacturing devices in intelligent manufacturing system. The purpose of this paper is to present the construction of Rule Base for knowledge structure that is applicable to machine tools. This system is that decision whether to act in accordance with machine status is support system. It constructs Rule Base of knowledge used of machine toots. The constructed Rule Base facilitates the effective operation and control of machine tools and will provide a systematic way to integrate the expert's knowledge that will apply Intelligent Machine Tools.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.31-33
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• 2007

Devising an efficient one-pass frequent pattern mining algorithm has been an issue in data mining research in recent past. Pattern growth algorithms like FP-Growth which are found more efficient than candidate generation and test algorithms still require two database scans. Moreover, FP-growth approach requires rebuilding the base-tree while mining with different support counts. In this paper we propose an item-based tree, called I-Tree that not only efficiently mines frequent patterns with single database scan but also provides multiple mining scopes with multiple support thresholds. The 'build-once-mine-many' property of I-Tree allows it to construct the tree only once and perform mining operation several times with the variation of support count values.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.605-610
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• 2000

The concrete slab on the foundation may have curling and warping deformations due to temperature gradient of its section. These deformations may change the support conditions of concrete slabs, and cause higher level of stresses tan expected. In this study, partial support conditions de to several temperature gradients are evaluated using FE analysis. Expecially, 3D FE model is adopted to evaluate the partial contact between the slab and the base which is hard to be simulated in 2D FE models. The discrepancies of analysis results increase at high temperature gradients. And it is concluded that 3D FE model can be used to simulate real support and temperature conditions.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.780-789
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• 1999

This study was conducted to identify the attributes constituiting Korean social support and to validate the results of the previous study ‘Search for the meaning of social support in Korean Society.’ The informants were 41 Korean middle-aged women in three cities Seoul, Daejun and Daeku. The data were collected through indepth interviews using the interview guide from Jun. 1994 to Jun. 1995. The interview guide was developed in the simulated situations of ‘Stroke attack’ which expected to be in need of social support. The women were asked to answer what they felt and the appropriate terms representing the situations. Data analysis were conducted by content analysis. Consequently, the Korean social support pyramid was modified as follows ; Support is the apex of the pyramid. The four sides of the pyramid are made up of ‘Jung’(Bound by ties of affection, regard or shared common experience, Connectedness), Do-oom(both emotional and material help), Mi-dum(Faith or belief in) and Sa-Rang(Love). The base of the pyramid is ‘yun’(the basic network of relationships in Korean culture) that connote the meaning of Eunhae(Benevolence), Euimu(duty, responsibility) and Dori(obligation).

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.40-50
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of visual feedback on the postural control of stroke patients, by systematically varying conditions of visual feedback [eye-open condition (EO) vs. eye-closed condition (EC)], and base-support (both-side support, affected-side support, and unaffected-side support). In this study, we allocated 41 stroke patients with no damage in the cerebellum and visual cortex who can walk at least 10 meters independently, and 35 normal adults who have no experience of stroke to the control group. Both groups were asked to perform a "sit-to-stand" task three to five times, and their postural control ability was measured and compared in terms of asymmetric dependence (AD) instead of the traditional symmetric index (SI) in the literature. The results showed that although both subject groups maintained better postural control in the EO condition than in the EC condition, the patient group appeared to be more stable in EC than in EO when they were required to perform the task of the support condition given on the affected side. These results implied that visual feedback can impair stroke patients' postural control when it is combined with a specific support condition.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.307-316
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the influence of emotional expressivity, emotional intelligence, affectivity, job autonomy, social support, and emotional labor on clinical nurses' individual well-being and to provide guidelines for interventions and strategies for its improvement. Methods: The sample consisted of 207 nurses recruited from a general hospital in Korea. The participants completed a structured self-report questionnaire comprising measures of emotional expressivity, emotional intelligence, positive affectivity, negative affectivity, job autonomy, supervisor support, coworker support, deep acting, surface acting, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistics 22.0 and AMOS 22.0. Results: The final model was a good fit for the data based on the model fit indices. In the path analysis, surface acting, negative affectivity, supervisor support, and coworker support had statistically significant effects on emotional exhaustion, explaining 29.0% of the variance. Deep acting, emotional exhaustion, positive affectivity, and emotional intelligence had statistically significant effects on job satisfaction, explaining 43.0% of the variance. Conclusion: Effective strategies to improve clinical nurses' individual well-being should focus on surface acting, deep acting, affectivity, social support, and emotional intelligence. The results of this study can be utilized as base data to manage emotional labor and improve clinical nurses' individual well-being.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.169-180
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• 2015

This study was carried out to offer direction to the Housing Management Support Center in terms of its key features and specific operational tasks. The research involved the property management office (n=35) and Resident Representatives of the apartment blocks (n=52). Advisory Services conducted a consumer survey, as well as a survey of expert interviews (n=15). Survey results were as follows: (1) the Managing Director and secretary residents were satisfied with the Diagnosis and Advisory services; (2) the administrative support services need to address housing issues, including a long-term repair plan and advice on using long-term repair reserves and "conflict resolution associated with public housing management"; and (3) there was a greater need for a "basic, common-sense Housing Management Information Base to provide services to the Resident Representatives of the apartment blocks". Based on the survey results, the main roles of the Housing Management Support Center are to act as a House of Commons Administrator to handle complaints with counseling, diagnosis and advice; to support the Resident Committees; to provide professional training, research, and investigation; to support community revitalization; to manage the business of guidance and inspection; to coordinate conflicts and disputes; to build a comprehensive source of information; and to build networks.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.16-23
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• 2012

This study examined the effects of custom-made foot orthotics on the temporal-spatial gait parameters in children with cerebral palsy. Twenty spastic bilateral cerebral palsy (spastic CP) children (11 boys and 9 girls) participated in this study. GAITRite was used to examine the velocity, cadence, step length differential, step length, stride length, stance time, single support time, double support time, base of support, and toe angle while walking with and without foot orthotics. The differences in temporal-spatial parameters were analyzed using paired t-test. The significance level was set at .05. The velocity, cadence, both step lengths, both stride lengths, both bases of support and right toe angle significantly increased when the children with spastic CP with foot orthotics compared to without foot orthotics (p<.05). The step length differential between the two extremities, left stance time and left single support time, significantly decreased with foot orthotics (p<.05). Right stance time, right single support time, both double support times and left toe angle showed little change (p>.05). This study demonstrated that foot orthotics were beneficial for children with spastic CP as a gait assistance tool.