• 제목/요약/키워드: basal area height

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Allometry, Basal Area Growth, and Volume Equations for Quercus mongolica and Quercus variabilis in Gangwon Province of Korea

  • Choi, Jung-Kee;You, Byung-Oh;Burkhart, Harold E.
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제96권2호
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    • pp.189-196
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    • 2007
  • Allometry, basal area equations, and volume equations were developed with various tree measurement variables for the major species, Quercus mongolica and Quercus variabilis, in Korean natural hardwood forests. For allometry models, the relationships between total height-DBH, crown width-DBH, height to the widest portion of the crown-total height, and height to base of crown-total height were investigated. Multiple regression methods were used to relate annual basal area growth to tree variables of initial size (DBH, total height, crown width) and relative size (relative diameter, relative height) as well as competition measures (competition index, crown class, exposed crown area, percent exposed crown area, live crown ratio). For tree volume equations, the combined-variable and Schumacher models were fitted with DBH, total height and crown width for both species.

우리나라 주요수종의 Allometry와 개체목 흉고단면적 생장모델 개발 (Development of Allometry and Individual Basal Area Growth Model for Major Species in Korea)

  • 최정기
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.47-54
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    • 2011
  • Allometry and basal area equations were developed with various tree measurement variables for the major species; Quercus variabilis, Quercus mongolica, Pinus koraiensis and Larix leptolepis in Korea. For allometry models, the relationships between total height-DBH, crown width-DBH, height to the widest portion of the crown-total height, and height to base of crown-total height were investigated. Multiple regression methods were used to relate annual basal area growth to tree variables of initial size (DBH, total height, and crown width), relative size (relative diameter and relative height) as well as competition measures (competition index, crown class, and live crown ratio).

식재(植栽) 밀도(密度)가 임분생장(林分生長)모델 모수(母數) 추정(推定)에 미치는 효과(效果)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (Investigating the Effect of Planting Density on Parameter Estimation of Stand Growth Models)

  • 이봉일;권순덕;정주상
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제88권4호
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    • pp.446-453
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    • 1999
  • 본 연구에서는 식재본수가 임분 수고생장 및 단면적생장모델의 모수 추정에 미치는 효과를 연구하였다. 삼나무임분의 생장모델에 포함되는 모수들을 추정하기 위하여 기본식으로 Korf 식을 사용하였으며, 식재밀도의 변화가 모수 추정치에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 합리적 분석과정으로 판단되는 추가제곱합(extra sums of square) 원칙을 적용하였다. 적용성 검토결과 임분수고의 생장이 식재밀도에 유의한 영향을 받지 않는다는 기존의 입장과 임분 단면적의 생장곡선은 임분밀도에는 관계없이 동일한 접근선에 접근한다는 사실을 재확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 단면적 생장곡선의 형태는 이와는 달리 식재밀도에 의해 유의한 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 본 연구에서는 삼나무 인공림에서 식재밀도에 따른 효과를 설명할 수 있는 임분단면적 생장모델을 제시하였다.

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Comparison of Growth and Allometric Change of Stand and Dominant Trees in Pinus koraiensis Plantation over 34 Years

  • Seo, Yeongwan;Lee, Daesung;Chhorn, Vireak;Choi, Jungkee
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • 제34권3호
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    • pp.235-241
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    • 2018
  • This study was conducted to find out the growth pattern of Pinus koraiensis plantation over 34 years, focusing on DBH, height, basal area and allometric change. Total increment (TI), mean annual increment (MAI) and correlation coefficient were calculated and compared with stand and dominants. Total increment and mean annual increment of both DBH and height of dominants were bigger than those of stand. The difference was apparently shown bigger in DBH than height. Unlike DBH and height the total increment and mean annual increment of basal area per hectare of dominants were distinctively smaller than those of stand. Furthermore MAI of dominant was increasing until age 42, while MAI of stand increased at early ages and then gradually decreased after culmination like MAIs of DBH and height. MAIs of basal area of dead trees at each measurement tended to increase until early age (18 years in this study), while it reached a peak and gradually decrease after that (21 years in this study). Correlation coefficient between DBH and height tended to decrease as both dominant and stand age and the difference between dominant and stand was not clearly shown over the measurement period. Correlation coefficients between DBH and crown width tended to decrease as the trees age and correlation coefficients of dominant were clearly shown smaller than that of stand. Correlation coefficients of height and crown width also was found to be similar to correlation coefficients between DBH and crown. Meanwhile correlation coefficient of height and crown width dropped more radically than coefficient of DBH and crown width as the trees age.

Studies on Biomass for Young Abies koreana Wilson

  • Lee, Do-Hyung;Yoon, Jun-Hyuck;Woo, Kwan-Soo
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제96권2호
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    • pp.138-144
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    • 2007
  • This study was undertaken to compare the biomass of Abies koreana growing at two sites. A $10{\times}10m$ plot was established in each site of a natural stand in Mt. Jiri and a plantation in Gyeongsan nursery. Five trees of A. koreana were randomly selected in each site. The following traits were investigated from each tree : height, basal diameter, age, weight of stem, branches, and needles as above-ground traits and weight of total roots, horizontal roots, and vertical roots as below-ground traits. In Gyeongsan nursery, age of sample trees was negatively correlated with both height and weight of total stem, while height was highly correlated with weight of horizontal roots. There was high correlation between the basal diameter and weight of total stem, and between the basal diameter and weight of roots. In Mt. Jiri stand, most of the above-ground traits except age were significantly correlated with the below-ground traits. The linear regression equation between the cross section area of base (X) and the weight of total stem (Y) in Gyeongsan nursery was Y=12.66X-12.92, and correlation was significant ($R^2=0.89$). The linear regression equation between the cross section area of base(X) and the weight of total branches (Y) in Mt. Jiri stand was Y=25.51X+6.00, and correlation was highly significant ($R^2=1.0$).

Basal Area-Stump Diameter Models for Tectona grandis Linn. F. Stands in Omo Forest Reserve, Nigeria

  • Chukwu, Onyekachi;Osho, Johnson S.A.
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.119-125
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    • 2018
  • The tropical forests in developing countries are faced with the problem of illegal exploitation of trees. However, dearth of empirical means of expressing the dimensions, structure, quality and quantity of a removed tree has imped conviction of offenders. This study aimed at developing a model that can effectively estimate individual tree basal area (BA) from stump diameter (Ds) for Tectona grandis stands in Omo Forest Reserve, Nigeria, for timber valuation in case of illegal felling. Thirty-six $25m{\times}25m$ temporary sample plots (TSPs) were laid randomly in six age strata; 26, 23, 22, 16, 14, and 12 years specifically. BA, Ds and diameter at breast height were measured in all living T. grandis trees within the 36 TSPs. Least square method was used to convert the counted stumps into harvested stem cross-sectional areas. Six basal area models were fitted and evaluated. The BA-Ds relationship was best described by power model which gave least values of Root mean square error (0.0048), prediction error sum of squares (0.0325) and Akaike information criterion (-15391) with a high adjusted coefficient of determination (0.921). This study revealed that basal area estimation was realistic even when the only information available was stump diameter. The power model was validated using independent data obtained from additional plots and was found to be appropriate for estimating the basal area of Tectona grandis stands in Omo Forest Reserve, Nigeria.

강원도지방(江原道地方) 소나무 동령임분(同齡林分)의 최대임목본수(最大林木本數) 및 고사(枯死)모델 (Maximum Stem Number and Mortality Model for Even-Aged Pinus Densiflora Stand in Kangwon-Province, Korea)

  • 이우균;서정호;배상원
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제89권5호
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    • pp.634-644
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    • 2000
  • 본 연구에서는 ha당 단면적이 최대가 되는 임목본수가 그 임분이 유지시킬 수 있는 최대임목본수라는 Sterba의 이론을 강원도지방 소나무의 임시표본점 조사자료에 적용시켜 강원도지방 소나무 동령임분의 최대임목본수 및 고사모델을 유도하였다. ha당 임목본수와 우세목수고를 변수로 하여 평균흉고직경을 추정하는 평균흉고직경식의 통계적 신뢰성은 매우 높았으며, ha당 임목본수 및 우세목수고에 따른 흉고직경생장의 변이를 잘 설명해 주었다. 또한, 이 평균흉고직경식으로부터 유도되는 ha당 흉고단면적식은 ha당 임목본수의 변화에 따른 ha당 흉고단면적의 변화를 우세목수고별로 잘 나타내 주었다. ha당 흉고단면적이 최대가 되는 임목본수로 부터 우세목수고 및 흉고직경별로 유도되는 최대임목본수곡선은 임목본수 관측치의 상부를 지나면서 임분의 최대임목본수를 잘 나타내 주었다. 또한, 평균흉고직경에 대한 최대임목본수식으로부터 추정되는 최대임분밀도지수는 임분의 최대잠재밀도를 나타내는 지수로 활용할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 제시한 최대임목본수식 및 최대임분밀도지수식은 최대밀도에 도달한 임분자료를 근거로 하는 것이 아니라 다양한 밀도를 나타내는 임분으로부터 조사된 자료를 근거로 한다는 특징이 있으며, 이를 이용하면 고사량추정, 최대잠재생산량추정 둥 임분밀도관리에 필요한 정보를 마련할 수 있다.

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Implication of Self-thinning in Salix Communities on Riverine Wetland Restoration

  • Kim, Jae-Geun;Nam, Jong-Min;Han, Mie-Hie
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.251-255
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    • 2007
  • Self-thinning was measured in Salix communities on Bam Island in Seoul at various age stages. $D^2H$ was used to estimate tree biomass, where D is stem diameter at breast height or 10 cm height for plants with height <1.5 m, and H is height. A log-log plot of density versus $D^2H$ and correlation analysis indicated a significant relationship between density and biomass with equation 'log $D^2H$ = -1.27 log N + 7.06'. This indicates that self-thinning affects biomass in the Salix community with -1.27 as the thinning coefficient. If we assume a thinning exponent -3/2, then the allometric coefficient of the equation, log w = a log $D^2H$ + b, is 1.18. This is much higher than that for any other species studied in Korea. There were statistically significant relationships between age and density and between age and basal area and these relationships suggest guidelines for transplantation of willows and for the assessment of Salix community restoration projects in riverine wetlands based on standard density, basal area, and age. The results of this study may also increase understanding of succession processes in Salix community restoration in riverine wetlands.

Strand법(法)에 의한 임분재적추정(林分材積推定)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (A Study on the Stand Volume Estimation by Strand Method)

  • 이흥균
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제80권2호
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    • pp.187-192
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    • 1991
  • 임분재적(林分材積) 추정법(推定法)을 연구(硏究)하기 위하여 경기(京畿), 강원(江原), 충남북(忠南北), 전북(全北), 경북지방(慶北地方)의 낙엽송조사지(落葉松調査地) 380개소(個所)를 재래(在來)의 매목조사법(每木調査法)인 표준지법(標準地法)으로 조사(調査)하고, 그중 20개소(個所)에서 덴드로메타, 스피겔 릴라스코프, 텔레리라스코프를 이용(利用)하여 Plotless Sampling의 일종(一種)인 Strand법(法)으로 조사(調査)하여 분석(分析)한 결과(結果) 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. 표준지법(標準地法)과 Strand법(法)에 의한 임분재적(林分材積) 추정결과(推定結果) 유의성(有意性)이 없었으며, 양방법(兩方法)은 Y=bx($b{\fallingdotseq}1$)의 관계(關係)가 있었다. 2. 기계(機械)와 측정자(測定者), 밀도(密度)와 기계(機械), 경사(傾斜)와 기계간(機械間)에도 유의성(有意性)이 없었다. 3. 임분재적(林分材積)에 깊은 관계(關係)가 있는 제일(第一) 큰 인자(因子)는 단면적(斷面績) 수고(樹高)이고, 다음으로 임분(林分) 형상고(形狀高), 평균수고(平均樹高), ha당(當) 단면적(斷面積)의 순(順)이었다. 4. 단면적(斷面積) 수고(樹高)에 의한 임분재적식(林分材積式)은 log V=-0.0375+0.8910 log GH -1.5946 1/GH 이었으며, 이 식(式)에 의하여 임분재적표(林分材積表)를 조제(調製)하였다. 5. 실측재적(實測材積)과 추정재적(推定材積) 관계(關係)도 Y=bx($b{\fallingdotseq}1$)의 관계(關係)가 있었고 추정오차율(推定誤差率)은 4.5%였다.

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Comparison of Frequencies in Order to Estimate of Tree Species Diversity in Caspian Forests of Iran

  • Mirzaei, Mehrdad;Bahnemiry, Atefeh Karimiyan;Abkenar, Kambiz Taheri
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • 제35권1호
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 2019
  • Species diversity is one of the most important indices that used to evaluate the sustainability of forest communities. In the present study, three variables including number of individuals (frequency of species), basal area and volume of tree species were compared to estimate tree species diversity in broadleaves forests of Iran. Based on systematic random design, 30 plots (circle plot, $1000m^2$) was selected. Type of species, number of species, DBH and height of trees were measured. Simpson (1-D), Hill ($N_2$), Shannon-Wiener (H'), Mc Arthur ($N_1$), Smith-Wilson ($E_{var}$) and Margalef ($R_1$) indices used to estimate tree species diversity. Species diversity was calculated in each plot. ANOVA test showed that there was a significant difference between of three variables used for estimation of species diversity. Number of trees variable has more precision than basal area and volume variables to estimate of species diversity. But Duncan test revealed that there were significant difference between of basal area and volume variables with number of trees. Therefore, basal area and volume variables were selected as more suitable variables in order to estimate of biodiversity indices in northern forests of Iran.