• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.398-405
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• 2010

In this study, white bread was prepared containing 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 or 6.0% barley leaves tea powder (BLTP). The samples along with a control were then compared regarding their quality characteristics, including pH, total titratable acidity, fermentation power of dough expansion, specific volume, baking loss, moisture content, color, textural characteristics, internal surface appearances and sensory qualities, all to determine the optimal ratio of BLTP. As the BLTP content increased, the pH of the dough and bread and the lightness decreased, whereas the total titratable acidity increased. The fermentation power of dough expansion increased with a longer incubation time. The control group was evidenced by a significantly higher specific volume and baking loss than that observed in the BLTP samples. However, greenness and yellowness evidenced the opposite effect. Hardness was highest at a substitution level of 1.5% and lowest at a level of 4.5%. Fracturability and resilience were not significantly different among the samples. For the internal surface appearance, darkness and greenness increased both increased at higher BLTP content. In the sensory evaluation, color, flavor and overall acceptability were highest in the control bread samples but minimal at a substitution level of 6.0%. Softness was the highest at the 3.0% substitution level and lowest in the control bread samples. Barley leaf flavor, astringency, bitterness and off-flavor increased as the BLTP content increased. Delicious taste was not significantly different among the samples. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that 4.5% BLTP may prove quite useful as a substitute for wheat flour in the production of white bread and may provide favorable nutritional and functional properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.418-424
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• 2015

The content of ${\beta}$-carotene in agricultural foods, such as seasonings, tea, vegetables, cereals, nuts & seeds, oils & fats, and fruits, were quantitatively analyzed using reversed-phase HPLC with an UV/visible detector. Standard reference material (SRM) 2385 was used as a control material to validate measurement of ${\beta}$-carotene in this study. Recovery percentage and relative standard deviation of ${\beta}$-carotene in SRM 2385 were 102% and 1.73%, respectively. Vegetables and tea contained relatively high concentrations of ${\beta}$-carotene (young barley powder, $17,293.95{\mu}g/100g$; raw young barley, $2,755.15{\mu}g/100g$; dried green tea leaves, $13,671.85{\mu}g/100g$; green tea powder, $7,579.04{\mu}g/100g$). Contents of ${\beta}$-carotene in nuts & seeds as well as oils & fats ranged from $11.32{\mu}g/100g$ in almond products (roasted with salt) to $58.56{\mu}g/100g$ in perilla seed oil. Among 20 fruits, a high content of ${\beta}$-carotene was found in apricots (raw), which contained $2,280.35{\mu}g/100g$.