• Plant Resources
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.116-121
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• 2005

Compositae plants are known to contain biologically active substances that are allelopathic to agricultural crops as well as weed species. Aqueous or methanol extracts and plant residues from leaves of Xanthium occidentale were assayed against alfalfa (Medicago sativa) to determine its allelopathic effects, and the results showed that the extracts applied onto filter paper significantly inhibited seed germination as well as root growth of alfalfa. Aqueous leaf extracts of $40g\;L^{-1}$ were completely inhibitory on root growth of alfalfa, while root growths of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) were less sensitive. Leaf residue incorporation at $100g\;kg^{-1}$ into soil on seedling growth of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli Beauv. var. oryzicola Ohwi) inhibited both shoot and root fresh weights of barnyard grass by 94 and $96\%$, respectively. Methanol extracts from BuOn and EtOAc fractions of X. occidentale reduced alfalfa root growth more than did those from hexane and water fractions. The results based on bioassay of extracts and residues show that X. occidentale had potent an allelopathic activity against other plant species.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2004

Methanol extracts of fresh materials of 57 plants were screened for in vivo antifungal activity against Magna-porthe grisea, Corticium sasaki, Botrytis cinerea, Phyto-phthora infestans, Puccinia recondita, and Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Among them, seven plant extracts showed disease-control efficacy of more than 90％ against at least one of six plant diseases. None of the plant extracts was highly active against tomato gray mold. The methanol extracts of Chloranthus japonicus (roots) (CjR) and Paulownia coreana (stems) (PcS) displayed the highest antifungal activity; the CjR extract controlled the development of rice blast, rice sheath blight, and wheat leaf rust more than 90％, and tomato gray mold and tomato late blight more than 80％. The PcS extract displayed control values of more than 90 ％ against rice blast, wheat leaf rust, and barley powdery mildew and more than 80％ against tomato gray mold. The extract of PcS also had a curative activity against rice sheath blight and that of CjR had a little curative activity against rice blast. On the other hand, the extract of Rumex acetocella roots reduced specifically the development of barley powdery mildew. Further studies on the characterization of antifungal substances in antifungal plant extracts are underway and their disease-control efficacy should be examined under greenhouse and field conditions.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.32-40
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• 2021

Monitoring fish movement is important to understand how physiology adapts to environmental change. To explore the applicability of a video tracking system for determining if chemical cues attract or repel aquatic animals, the movement patterns of rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus, were analyzed upon exposure to various materials, including extracts of sea urchin, rock worm, bait worm, krill, barley kernel, and commercial fish feed. Pellets were prepared by mixing freeze-dried tissues with a cellulose and corn flour mixture. Behavioral analysis was carried out with five fish that had been acclimated in the adaptation zone of a Y-shaped tank. Preference toward chemical cues was quantified by assessing the frequency rock bream were observed in a discrete zone around the test material located at the end of each arm and the duration each fish stayed in each zone. The analysis of fish movement upon exposure to commercial feed and barley kernel at each end, respectively, indicated a clear preference toward the feed relative to the barley kernel. Movement responses were further tested with pellets containing extracts of sea urchin, one of the species collected on a large scale, and other materials including krill and worms. A stronger preference toward sea urchin (100%) was observed based on the duration of stay in the test zone, compared to krill (90.1 ± 44.2%), bait worm (81.1 ± 39.1%), rock worm (73.7 ± 28.9%), and barley (63.9 ± 25.9%), under the conditions tested. A detailed comparison of rock bream movements toward each material revealed significant differences in frequency and duration, respectively, between pairs of test materials including krill (74 ± 29.8 and 375.6 ± 118.9) vs. rock worm (41.5 ± 18.7 and 160.2 ± 42.6), krill (86.3 ± 22.9 and 477.1 ± 84) vs. bait worm (36.2 ± 5.5 and 166.1 ± 50.7), and rock worm (45.9 ± 26.2 and 213.7 ± 100.1) vs. bait worm (34.6 ± 21.7 and 159.5 ± 98.5). Rock bream exhibited preference for the test materials in the following order: commercial fish feed > sea urchin > krill > rock worm > bait worm > barley. The results suggest a higher potency of sea urchin extract as a rock bream fishing bait compared to the other materials that are used as commercial bait.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.537-544
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 보리싹을 이용하여 항산화 활성 및 RAW 264.7 세포에서의 항염증 활성에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 보리싹 에탄올 추출물의 DPPH라디칼 소거활성은 1,000 μg/ml 농도에서 92.82±0.62%로 나타났으며, RC₅₀ 값은 442.34±5.54 μg/ml이었다. 보리싹 추출물의 총 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 17.55 μg/ml, 13.98 μg/ml로 나타났다. 또한 LPS로 염증을 유도한 RAW 264.7 세포에서 TNF-α와 PGE₂ 생성량은 LPS처리에 따라 증가하였으며, 보리싹 추출물 250, 500 μg/ml의 농도에서 유의적인 감소를 보였다. LPS에 의해 증가된 iNOS, COX-2 단백질 발현에 대해 보리싹 추출물 250 μg/ml의 농도에서 현저히 감소됨을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과들을 통해 보리싹은 항산화 및 항염증 효과를 가진 천연물 소재로 활용 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.652-665
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• 1997

미국자리공 및 겨자무의 잎추출물을 이용하여 기내배지상에서 몇가지 작물들과의 allelopathy를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 미국자리공 잎의 methanol 추출물의 농도가 증가함에 따라 공시한 모든 작물의 발아율, 근장, 배축장, 초장, 생체중, 건물중, 유묘의 활력이 급격하게 감소하였다. 2. 미국자리공의 autoallelopathy는 고농도(50$\mu$l 및 100$\mu$l) 첨가시에 나타나기 시작하였으며, 생체중과 건물중은 농도가 증가함에 따라 현저히 감소하였다. 3. 겨자무 잎의 methanol 추출물은 공시한 모든 작물의 초기생장량을 유제시키는 효과는 보였으나, 미국자리공의 잎추출물의 효과보다는 높았다. 4. 겨자무 뿌리의 methanol 추출물 처리는 밀, 미국자리공의 배축장을 농도 증가에 따라 감소시켰으나, 나머지 작물은 증가시켰다. 또한 초장도 밀, 고추, 미국자리공에서는 추출물의 농도가 증가할수록 감소하였으나 그 외의 작물에서는 약간 증가하였다. 5. 미국자리공의 methanol 추출물로부터 재출물한 4종의 분획물 중 ethyl acetate 분획물이 발아율 및 초기생육을 가장 크게 감소시켰다. 6. Ethyl acetate 분획물은 다른 분획물보다 벼, 보리, 배추의 엽록소 함량을 감소시켰다. 7. Ethyl acetate 분획물 100$\mu l$l 첨가시에 배추의 유리 proline의 함량은 31.2배 증가하였으며, 추출물농도가 증가할수록 proline 함량이 증가하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2004

Compositae plants are known to contain biologically active substances that are allelopathic to agricultural crops as well as weed species. Aqueous extracts from leaves of Xanthium occidentale were assayed against alfalfa (Medicago sativa) to determine their allelopathic effects, and the result showed that the extracts applied onto filter paper significantly inhibited seed germination as well as root growth of alfalfa. Untreated seeds germinated in 60h, but extract concentrations greater than 30g $\textrm{L}^{-1}$ delayed seed germination. The extracts significantly inhibited seed germination of alfalfa, and $\beta$-amylase activity of alfalfa and barley seeds during 24-36 hours after treatment. Aqueous extracts of 40 g $\textrm{L}^{-1}$ from X. occidentale were completely inhibited the hypocotyl and root growth of alfalfa. Aqueous leaf extracts showed the highest inhibitory effect and followed by root and stem extracts. Early seedling growth of both alfalfa and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) was significantly reduced by methanol extracts. By means of high-performance liquid chromatography, chlorogenic acid and trans-cinnamic acid were quantified as the highest amounts from water and EtOAc fractions, respectively. BuOH and EtOAc fractions of X. occidentale reduced alfalfa root growth more than did hexane and water fractions. The findings of the bioassays for aqueous or methanol extracts reflected that the inhibitory effect of extract was closely related to the level of responsible allelochemicals found in plant extracts.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2002

야외에서 채집한 27종 식물의 메탄올 추출물의 벼 도열병, 벼 잎집무늬마름병, 토마토 잿빛곰팡이병, 토마토 역병, 밀 녹병 및 보리 흰가루병에 대한 방제효과를 실험하였다. 벼 도열병에 대하여는 환삼덩굴, 비비추, 맥문동, 황기 추출물이, 잿빛곰팡이병에 대해서는 닭의장풀 추출물이, 보리 흰가루병에 대하여는 황기 추출물이 그리고 밀 녹병에 대하여는 비비추, 맥문동, 까마중 그리고 황기 추출물이 우수한 방제효과를 보였다. 이들 중 밀 녹병에 대하여 방제효과가 우수한 4종 시료를 선발하여 이들의 방제 특성을 조사하였나. 맥문동과 까마중 추출물은 밀 녹병에 대한 예방효과가 다른 추출물에 비하여 우수하였으며, 치료효과는 황기 추출물은 우수하였으나 까마중 추출물은 다소 미약한 치료활성이 있었다. 식물 추출물의 침투이행성은 엽육이행과 엽간이행으로 실험하였는데, 4종 추출물 모두 엽간이행은 거의 없었으나, 엽육이행은 우수하였다. 식물추출물의 약효지속성은 대부분 좋았으며 특히 비비추와 까마중 추출물은 약제처리 7일 후에도 95% 이상의 방제가를 보였다. 이들 결과를 종합해 보면 4종 식물 추출물 특히 까마중 추출물은 포장에서 밀 녹병에 대하여 우수한 방제효과를 보이리라 생각된다.

• Plant Resources
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2004

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) accumulate in the leaves of barley during cold acclimation, where they may inhibit ice recrystallization and produce freezing resistance of the plant. Four parental diallel crosses of the barley varieties were used to determine the heritability of AFPs and the relationship between the accumulation level of AFPs and freezing resistance. The concentration of apoplastic proteins in the cold-acclimated leaves was increased in the mean by four-fold over as compared with that of nonacclimated. The diallel cross analyses revealed that the gene of Sacheon 6 was dominant and those of Reno and Dongbori 1 were recessive. The AFPs had high narrow-sense heritabilities. The general combining ability effects of Reno and Dongbori 1 were much higher than the other parents. The bands of 32-kD for GLP, 35-& 28-kD for CLP and 25-, 22- & 16-kD for TLP were observed in the apoplastic extracts from cold-acclimated plants, but there were no clear differences between the parents and Fl hybrids. The concentrations of AFPs were significantly correlated with the degree of freezing resistance, indicating that the concentration of AFPs in the plant is the very important factor for freezing resistance.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.192-198
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• 2021

홍국은 동아시아 국가에서 예로부터 음식과 전통의학에 이용되어 왔다. 홍국은 특정 미생물(일반적으로 Monascus purpureus)이 쌀을 발효시켜 생산되어진다. Monascus sp.는 2차 대사과정을 통해 Monascus 색소, monacolins, γ-aminobutyric acid 등을 생산할 수 있다. Monascus 종의 대사산물인 monacolin K, γ-aminobutyric acid와 dimerumic acid 및 monascus pigments는 항산화 효과, 콜레스테롤과 혈압과 항비만 효과들이 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 Monascus sp.로 발효된 홍맥 에탄올 추출물의 항비만 활성을 알아보고자 지방 세포를 이용하여 실험을 실시하였다. 홍국 에탄올 추출물의 항비만 효과는 MDI로 유도된 3T3-L1 전지방세포의 Oil Red O staining과 Real time RT-PCR을 이용하여 비만 유전자 발현을 통해 확인하였다. 홍맥 추출물을 3T3-L1 전지방세포에 각각 200 ㎍/ml, 400 ㎍/ml, 800 ㎍/ml을 처리한 결과 5.04%, 12.24%, 23.52%로 지방축적을 감소시키는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 홍맥 추출물은 3T3-L1 전지방세포로부터의 C/EBPα, SREBP-1, PPAR-γ 유전자의 발현이 농도 의존적으로 감소되는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 홍맥 추출물의 지방 합성 억제활성을 확인하였으며, 향후 항비만 기능성 식품소재로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.572-577
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• 2009

각 체질군(태양인 5명, 태음인 10명, 소양인 10명, 소음인 10명)을 대상으로 혈액을 채취하여 면역세포를 분리한 후 각 곡류(백미, 현미, 보리, 찹쌀) 추출물을 투여하여 체질에 따른 면역 활성 효능(proliferation, NO production, TNF-${\alpha}$ concentration)을 조사한 결과, 백미, 현미, 찹쌀 추출물은 음인 체질군에서 양인 체질군에 비해 높은 면역활성을 보인 반면, 보리 추출물에서는 음인 체질군에 비해 양인 체질군에서 높은 면역활성을 보였다. 이와 같이 곡류 추출물이 각 체질군에서 면역활성 차이를 보이는 것은 곡류 자체에 기인하는 것도 있겠지만, 곡류가 가지고 있는 고유한 특이 성분 차이에 의한 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 본 연구 결과, 체질에 영향을 미치는 곡류의 각 성분을 조사하여 과학적으로 규명한다면 새로운 체질 적합형 식품 개발이 가능하리라 사료된다.