• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.7-20
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• 1995

The aims of this study are to enhance the students' knowledge of the drinking water and its reliability by investigating drinking water situation on the drinking water. The results are as following 1. Status and drinking behavior about school drinking water (1) 97.82% of the schools are using the tap water as the resource of drinking water. (2) 46 schools are in possession of water tank and 18 schools of them are using the water tank as the resource of drinking water. The clearing and sanitization of the tank are carried out once in a year with hypochloronatrium by the low-level officials. (3) 51.28% of the schools are providing the students with drinking water and 75% of them with boiled water. The drinking water supply managers are low-level officials, nurse teachers, and dietitian. 2. Analysis of the drinking water quality (1) Most of the drinking water provided by the school are tap water 35.8%, barely tea 5.85%, filtered water 6.3%, ground water 1.1% and all turned out to be suitable for drinking. (2) The drinking water carried from home turned out to be unsuitable for drinking except pH criterion, especially the test of APC(Aerobic Plate Count) and Coliform group showed worse degree. These results were caused by the hygiene problem and maltreatment in water container.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 1986

This study was performed to investigate the sanitation of restaurants in Seoul Area. The subjects were 153 wet towels, 64 cold noodle soup and 190 barely tea. The results were as follows: In wet towels: The detected rate of standard plate counts was $86.9\%$ (133 samples) and average count was $1.8\times10^3/g$ $the detected rate of coliform was $37.9\%$ (58 samples) and average count by MPN method was $2.0\times10^3/100g$, the detected rate of fecal coliform was $15.7\%$ (24 samples) and average count by MPN method was $3.2\times10/100g$. In cold noodle soups: The detected rate of standard plate counts was $100\%$ (64 samples) and average count was $9.4\times10^5/ml$, the detected rate of coliform was $75\%$ (48 samples) and average count by MPN method was $6.0\times10^5/100ml$, the detected rate of fecal coliform was $51.6\%$ (33 samples) and average count by MPN method was $3.4\times10^3/100ml$. In barely tea: The detected rate of standard plate counts was $87.4\%$(166 samples) and average count was $5.8\times10^3/ml$the detected rate of coliform was $66.3\%$ (126 samples) and average count by MPN method was $3.9\times10^3/100ml$, the detected rate of fecal coliform was $32.6\%$ (62 samples) and average count was by MPN method was $4.7\times10/100ml$.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.1025-1029
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• 2008

녹차 생엽으로부터 고품질의 녹차 추출물을 얻기 위해 복합효소 Rapidase TF를 이용하여 효소처리 농도, 효소처리시간 및 효소처리 온도를 달리하여 실시한 후 $80^{\circ}C$에서 30 min 간 가열한 추출액의 이화학적 성분 특성을 조사하였다. 효소처리에 의해 유리당 함량은 모든 처리구에서 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 특히 glucose의 함량은 대조구에 비하여 최대 7.25배 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 총아미노산은 효소 처리에 의한 영향이 거의 없었으며, 카페인 함량은 효소처리 온도가 높아짐에 따라 증가하였다. 총폴리페놀 및 총카테킨 함량은 효소 첨가량이 증가하고 효소처리 온도가 높아짐에 따라 증가하였으며, 카테킨 조성은 효소처리 조건에 관계없이 EGC, EC, ECg 및 EGCg의 순으로 함유되어 있었다. Gallic acid 함량은 효소처리 농도 0.04%, 효소처리 온도 $45^{\circ}C$까지 증가하다 그 이상에서는 변화가 거의 없었다. 이상의 결과로부터 증열 처리된 녹차 생엽에 복합효소 Rapitase TF를 $0.08{\sim}0.1%$ 첨가 후 $37{\sim}45^{\circ}C$로 $180{\sim}240\;min$ 처리함에 의해 기존의 복잡한 가공공정을 거치지 않고 생엽에서 바로 추출이 가능하도록 함에 따라 공정이 간단하고 녹차성분 추출률이 향상된 새로운 형태의 차 추출물 제조방법이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.186-195
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• 2019

Background: Notoginseng stem-leaf (NGL) ginsenosides have not been well used. To improve their utilization, the biotransformation of NGL ginsenosides was studied using ginsenosidase type-I from Aspergillus niger g.848. Methods: NGL ginsenosides were reacted with a crude enzyme in the RAT-5D bioreactor, and the dynamic changes of multi-ginsenosides of NGL were recognized by HPLC. The reaction products were separated using a silica gel column and identified by HPLC and NMR. Results: All the NGL ginsenosides are protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides; the main ginsenoside contents are 27.1% Rb3, 15.7% C-Mx1, 13.8% Rc, 11.1% Fc, 7.10% Fa, 6.44% C-Mc, 5.08% Rb2, and 4.31% Rb1. In the reaction of NGL ginsenosides with crude enzyme, the main reaction of Rb3 and C-Mx1 occurred through Rb3${\rightarrow}$C-Mx1${\rightarrow}$C-Mx; when reacted for 1 h, Rb3 decreased from 27.1% to 9.82 %, C-Mx1 increased from 15.5% to 32.3%, C-Mx was produced to 6.46%, finally into C-Mx and a small amount of C-K. When reacted for 1.5 h, all the Rb1, Rd, and Gyp17 were completely reacted, and the reaction intermediate F2 was produced to 8.25%, finally into C-K. The main reaction of Rc (13.8%) occurred through Rc${\rightarrow}$C-Mc1${\rightarrow}$C-Mc${\rightarrow}$C-K. The enzyme barely hydrolyzed the terminal xyloside on 3-O- or 20-O-sugar-moiety of the substrate; therefore, 9.43 g C-Mx, 6.85 g C-K, 4.50 g R7, and 4.71 g Fc (hardly separating from the substrate) were obtained from 50 g NGL ginsenosides by the crude enzyme reaction. Conclusion: Four monomer ginsenosides were successfully produced and separated from NGL ginsenosides by the enzyme reaction.