• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.44
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• pp.85-107
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• 2009

L/C allows the exporter to have a bank's payment undertaking against shipping documents required by L/C. This means that the exporter can take export proceeds from a L/C issuing bank regardless of importer's payments and therefore the L/C better mitigate importer's credit risk compared to remittance and collections. Recently the use of L/C has been on down trend in line with increasing use of T/T, causing a big change of payment system. This tells that the payment method change in Korea is positive as the change also happens same in developed countries. This however gives more buyer's credit risk to exporters and therefore a systematic solution to this negative effect is required. In Korea, export credit insurance has been widely used to cover the buyer's credit risk. But the export credit insurance is limited because of lack of government's financial support and strict evaluation of buyer and exporter. Now Korea is ranked 10the largest trading country and therefore the exporters shall find another source for credit risk protection elsewhere. And as such this paper suggest International Factoring as a tool for the credit risk protection. The International Factoring gives advantages to the exporter in terms of credit protection and advances by purchasing account receivables on a without recourse basis.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effect of macroeconomic and non-macroeconomic determinants of capital flight. Research design, data and methodology: With five determinants, this survey was conducted by Eviews 10, and the ordinary least squares (OLS) as a statistical method was applied for examining the research hypothesis. The five determinants are a budget deficit, economic growth, inflation rate, the exchange rate, and sovereign rating. The capital flight measurement uses the World Bank residual approach. The data derive from the Central Bank of Indonesia, BPS-Statistics Indonesia, OECD, and Moody's Investor Service. Results: The result considers that economic growth, the exchange rate, and the sovereign rating will decrease capital flight. In addition, the budget deficit and the inflation rate will increase capital flight. The sovereign rating decreases capital flight bigger than the other determinants. In addition, the exchange rate is statistically significant. Conclusions: The most influential problem of capital flight in Indonesia is because of non-macroeconomics factor political issue, corruption, bad regulation, and others. That's why the investment climate in Indonesia is still not secure. We propose that the regime would have to amend the business rule for reducing capital, raising the investment climate, and demonstrating the creative industry.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.40-46
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• 2015

Welding is one of the most fundamental and necessary work in the industry that demand sophistication of skilled workers. This study is to introduce welding simulator as a training tool, to verify its effectiveness and to measure satisfaction of the trainees. A group of freshman students at a Korea Polytechnics College in their twenties with less experience of welding participated in the study. They were divided into two groups and took a traditional training course (comparison group) and a training course with welding simulator applied reality/haptic technology (experimental group) for same hours respectively. To evaluate training effect, a national certificate test and a survey based on Phillips' ROI (Return on Investment) methodology were conducted by the students and the college respectively. And satisfaction survey among the students based on Kirkpatrick's Four-Level Evaluation Model was also carried out. The results showed that all students in the experimental group passed the national certificate test and the ROI of the experimental group for five years were 110% higher than the comparison group. Furthermore, 25% more students in the experimental group replied "very satisfied" about the overall training course and 75% more students in the same group found that the simulation was very similar to the real welding.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.6B
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• pp.1106-1113
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• 2000

In this, paper, a DFT based polyphase filter bank for the fractional ratio oversampling is proposed. Proper fractional oversampling ratio gives lower aliasing than the critical sampling and, at the same time, lower computational load than the integer ratio oversampling. In addition, filter bank design becomes easier by the reduced aliasing effect of fractional ratio oversampling. Proposed fractional ratio oaversampling polyphase structure is applied to a subband adaptive filter for acoustic echo cancellation where long adaptive filter are ofter required. Echo cancellation results show that fractional ratio oversampling gives comparable performance to the integer ratio oversampling with less computational load.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.541-551
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• 2009

Configuration of the inlet transition square duct (hereinafter referred to as "transition duct") for heat recovery steam generator (hereinafter referred to as "HRSG") in combined cycle power plant is limited by the construction type of HRSG and plant site condition. The main purpose of the present study is to analyze the effect of a variation in turbulent flow pattern by roof slop angle change of transition duct for horizontal HRSG, which is influencing heat flux in heat transfer structure to the finned tube bank. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics(CFD) is applied to predict turbulent flow pattern and comparisons are made to 1/12th scale cold model test data for verification. Re-normalization group theory (RNG) based k-$\epsilon$ turbulent model, which improves the accuracy for rapidly strained flow and swirling flow in comparison with standard k-$\epsilon$ model, is used for the results cited in this study. To reduce the amount of computer resources required for modeling the finned tube bank, a porous media model is used.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.7-25
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• 2013

For the Palestinians, what is the impact of the Arab Spring? The revolution not only dislodged Mubarak from the presidency, but also changed Egyptian policy regarding Palestinians in Gaza. New Egyptian diplomacy has encouraged Hamas and Fatah, which had been in dispute, to seek reconciliation and has loosened the border control on humanitarian grounds. We focus on Palestinian voting attitudes in the wake of the Arab Spring. Despite the vast quantity of literature written about Palestinian politics since the first decade of the millennium, we know little about the determinants of Palestinian attitudes toward the divided governments in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The Fatah government, in the West Bank, increased in popularity after submitting a request for UN recognition of Palestinian statehood. In Gaza, the Hamas government lost popularity because of mismanagement but won support through the success of its prisoner swap deal with Israel. However, evaluation of the ruling party does not depend only on one-time events. This research attempts to measure the impact of policy change in Gaza after the Arab Spring. We provide an account of our research on Palestinian attitudes toward the divided governments based on two sets of the original survey data conducted in May 2009 and June 2012. The paper sheds light on Palestinian attitudes and makes clear the effects of "democratization" in the Middle East and the effects of regional context factors on the occupied Palestinians.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.657-668
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• 2020

This paper investigates the effect of market structure, including some bank-specific variables and macroeconomic conditions, on the profitability of Indonesian Islamic rural banks. We apply the structure conduct performance (SCP) and the relative market power (RMP) hypothesis. Panel data comprising 142 Islamic rural banks from 2013Q1 to 2018Q4 are employed. This study breaks them apart, associated with the level of economic development consisting of Java as developed regions and outside Java as less developed regions. This study employs static and dynamic panel regression. The GMM method, however, is appropriate because of the dynamic nature of profitability. Our results confirm the SCP hypothesis and fail to support the RMP hypothesis. The higher market concentration allows Islamic rural banks to generate a significantly higher profit by conducting a collusive strategy. More interestingly, the collusive behavior may result in more profit for Islamic rural banks located in the developed regions than those in less developed regions. Evidence also highlights the importance of operating efficiency and impaired financing on profitability. High operating efficiency and low impaired financing can improve profit. Our results suggest that capitalizing market share by improving efficiency and optimizing financing contracts between PLS and non-PLS contracts also improve profit.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.73-85
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• 2020

As an effort to achieve sustainable development and increase people's welfare, financial inclusion has become the policy agenda of many countries. Therefore, the effect of financial inclusion on economic growth, poverty, income inequality, and financial stability in several countries in Asia has become the goal and this is the subject of this study. Financial inclusion is measured by 3 dimensions, namely banking penetration, access to banking services, and use of banking services. Poverty ratio below the national poverty line and the Gini coefficient are used as indicators of poverty and income inequality. Financial stability is measured by Bank Z-Score and bank nonperforming loans. The results from the hypothesis test shows that all dimensions of financial stability simultaneously have significant influence on economic growth, poverty, income inequality, and financial stability. On the other hand, the partial impact of financial inclusion dimension on economic growth, poverty alleviation, income inequality, and financial stability in ten countries of Asia has not been optimal. The derived results of this study is required to be interpreted and considered by the Governments of each country in developing strategies for increasing financial inclusion, so that the policy to achieve sustainable development and enhancement of people's welfare can be achieved.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.13-20
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• 2015

Online or e-banking has been adopted as key banking innovation in Uganda adopted by all financial institutions in the country. This research explored the state of e-banking and its efficacy in Uganda banking industry. A correlation analysis approach was adopted for this research. In Uganda, the banking sector has been liberalized with telecommunications allowed to effect e-banking and ecommerce transactions. The study concentrated on the periods of years 2011/2012 and 2012/2013. Findings from this research revealed that BOU uses UNISS for real time gross settlement (RTGS). Since its adoption a +1 coefficient correlation was realized. With the use of mobile money, also a +1 coefficient correlation was achieved for the period under consideration. As regards the use of e-cheques, there was a drop reflected by -2.8 percent which could have been attributed to perception of the users, though there was a +1 coefficient correlation when considering e-cheque transactions and the monetary value. The use of EFT in Uganda generated a +1 coefficient correction considering the number of users and the monetary value involved. Bank of Uganda should work hard and make or go live with electronic banking supervision software which would aid them with their supervisory roles.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.603-608
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• 2009

Novel ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/zirconia composites were previously prepared by the in situ polymerization of ethylene using a Ti-based Ziegler-Natta catalyst supported on to the surface of zirconia, as a bearing material for artificial joints. Tribological tests revealed that a uniform dispersion of zirconia in UHMWPE markedly increased the wear resistance. The effects of zirconia content on the oxidation behavior of the ${\gamma}$-ray-treated UHMWPE/zirconia composite surfaces were examined. The oxidation index that estimates the oxidation degree as the content of total carbonyl compounds was monitored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance. The changes in the surface composition due to the oxidation were confirmed by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. The extent of oxidation decreased with increasing zirconia content, which was attributed to the increased crystallinity as well as the decreased polymer portion of the UHMWPE/zirconia composites.