• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2021

This study is the first to scrutinize how real effective exchange rate, together with the vehicle currency exchange rate, asymmetrically influences the total trade balance between ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) and the EU (European Union). This research employs quarterly data between 2000Q1 and 2018Q1, which is derived from several sources. We introduce a method for constructing the double-aggregated real effective exchange rate between ASEAN and the EU that captures the roles of all their currencies. Moreover, we propose the formula to compute vehicle currency exchange rate to assess the importance of vehicle currency in ASEAN-EU trade. Additionally, as asymmetrical impacts of exchange rate on trade balance are well documented by current studies, we employ Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model of Shin et al. (2014) to analyze the impacts of currency depreciation as well as appreciation in detail. The findings confirm the prominence of USD as vehicle currency in ASEAN-EU trade. Both depreciation and appreciation of ASEAN's currencies against USD can foster ASEAN's trade balance in the long run. Short-run asymmetrical impacts as well as J-curve effect are found in the vehicle currency models only. The results are robust for the cases of EU-28 and EU-27.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1304-1316
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• 2018

An adaptive sliding-mode observer for speed estimation in sensorless vector controlled induction machine drives is proposed in this paper to balance the dilemma between the requirement of fast reaching transient and the chattering phenomenon reduction on the sliding-mode surface. It is well known that the sliding-mode observer (SMO) suffers from the chattering phenomenon. However, the reduction of the chattering phenomenon will lead to a slow transient process. In order to balance this dilemma, an adaptive exponential reaching law is introduced into SMO by optimizing the reaching way to the sliding-mode surface. The adaptive exponential reaching law is based on the options of an exponential term that adapts to the variations of the sliding-mode surface and system states. Moreover, the proposed sliding-mode observer considering adaptive exponential reaching law, which is called adaptive sliding-mode observer (ASMO), is capable for reducing the chattering phenomenon and decreasing the reaching time simultaneously. The stability analysis for ASMO is achieved based on Lyapunov stability theory. Simulation and experimental results both demonstrate the correctness and the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.214-218
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• 1997

We propose a VSC(Variable Structure Controller) with a PI-type reaching law. In General, conventional VSCs with a reaching law including a discontinuous term have the chattering problem, and thus the system may be unstable due to the disregarded high frequency dynamics in the modeling process. To resolve this problem, the PI-type reaching law is proposed in this paper. The proposed reaching law makes it easy to determine the reaching dynamics as well as the reaching time by utilizing the 2nd-order system analysis. Furthermore, since the discontinous term is not involved in the reaching law, the chattering is considerably reduced. To show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, the stability of the proposed system is proved by Lyapunov method and the computer simulations are performed for the Ball Balance System.

• 융합신호처리학회 학술대회논문집
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• 한국신호처리시스템학회 2001년도 하계 학술대회 논문집(KISPS SUMMER CONFERENCE 2001
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• pp.105-108
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• 2001

In this paper, we proposed a variable structure controller with fuzzy PI-쇼pe reaching law. we fuzzified as inputs to fuzzy system Rf(representative point's orthogonal distance(rd) to switching surface and RP's distance(r) to the origin of the 2-dimensional space whose coordinates are the error and the error rate. The increments of the coefficients $k_{p}$ and $k_{i}$, of the reaching law are calculated appropriate by the simplified Mamdanl inference. The proposed fuzzy PI-type reaching law makes it reduce the chattering and has no need to tune the PI parameters of reaching law. The effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy PI-type reaching law is shown by the simulation results of the control of a Ball-balance System.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제32권4D호
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• pp.357-366
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• 2012

기존의 품셈과 지방세법은 건설중장비가 수 년에 걸친 감가상각 대상임에도 불구하고, 물가지수를 제대로 반영하지 못하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는, 법인세법과 지방세법 및 기업회계기준서를 분석하여 국내 감가상각제도의 특징과 상각방법을 정리하여 제시하였고, 경제성 이론이 반영된 건설중장비 자본회수계수를 제시하였고, 정액법과 정률법을 사용하여 표준품셈을 기준으로 한 감가상각과 세법을 기준으로 한 감가상각 사례를 제시하였다. 개선방안으로는, 건설중장비의 자발적 사용기간 신청제도와 현행제도와의 관계를 설명하고 도입을 제안하였으며, 국내물가지수를 기초로 월단위 기계경비 감가상각율표를 개발하여 제공하였으며, 그 적용방안을 예시하였다. 또한, 제안한 방안의 장점과 단점을 분석하여 연구의 적용한계와 차후 개선방향도 제시해 보았다. 본 연구를 통해 품셈과 세법에 보다 합리적이고 객관적인 현실성을 반영할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 융복합기술연구소 논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2014

A cat is able to quickly recover balance from unstable posture. To observe the balance recovery procedure of the cat, an impulse is applied to the cat while walking on a narrow bridge. We find that it rotates its tail toward the falling direction. In our previous research, the balance recovery procedure is analyzed based on the law of the angular momentum conservation and then a key equation is derived to maintain the balance. However, it did not consider the gravity, so the performance is not good. In this paper, a new dynamic model is proposed using the Lagrangian mechanics. In the method, the gravity is included in the potential energy. Through the proposed dynamic model, controlling the balance of a walking robot is possible.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.263-274
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to find out effect of problem solving by mental demand of items and chunking level of problem solver on the item. The principal findings of study were as follows ; 1) According to increase of mental demand of items. students' achievement score appeared to decrease and the more mental demand an item needed. the higher or at least the same hierarchical item was. These results showed that mental demand of item was main factor which decided difficulties of problem solving. 2) Though items have the same mental demand. students' achievement score were different between balance beam task and 2nd law task (achievement score of balance beam task < achievement score of 2nd law task). 3) Achievement score of LM group who used chunked knowledge to solve balance beam task were higher than non LM group who used non chunked knowledge. 4) The level of chunked knowledge was different between two tasks when non LM group solved items of two tasks. On the other hand, LM group used the same level of chunked knowledge to solve items of two tasks. 5) Achievement score of non LM group was the same between items of two tasks after treatment due to chunking effect by treatment. But achievement score of LM group didn't change before and after treatment. The chunking effect by treatment had an effect on non LM group, but it was not on LM group.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.47-66
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• 2021

Despite the dominance of the USD as a vehicle currency in non-US trade, most studies on the exchange rate-trade balance relationship ignore its importance. Some recent J-curve papers have proved that incorporating the role of USD as vehicle currency as a crucial determinant of trade balance can well reflect the reality of global trade and provide more detailed findings. Motivated by this new approach and by the fact that USD is substantially used in the trade between China and the EU and the UK, this paper scrutinizes how the vehicle currency USD and the bilateral exchange rates asymmetrically affect China's trade balance with each EU country and the UK. The results of NARDL estimation indicate that the USD models outperform the bilateral exchange rate (BER) models in terms of detecting significant long-run and short-run coefficients, which confirms the usefulness of the new approach. Also, this paper finds that the USD/CNY exchange rate cannot be neglected in China's trade with the EU and the UK, which can supplement China's policies on international trade and foreign exchange management.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.233-247
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• 2017

This study compares how mother-daughter differentiation influences solidarity and relationship satisfaction between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law. The subjects of this study were 167 mothers-in-law (mean age, 59.6 years) paired with their sons-in-law (mean age, 36.9 years). Participants were given quantitative survey questionnaires on their relationships. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted for the social and demographic characteristics of mothers-in-law and sons-in-law. Ordinary least square multiple regression analyses were also conducted to examine the level of mother-daughter differentiation, solidarity, and relationship satisfaction between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law. The results show that a higher age of the mothers-in-law results in lower relationship satisfaction between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law. Next, an increase the level of mother-daughter differentiation (which means more balance between intimacy and detachability) results in a higher overall solidarity, affectual solidarity, giving functional solidarity, and consensual solidarity between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the receiving functional solidarity and normative solidarity between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law. Finally, the results show that a higher level of mother-daughter differentiation produces a higher relationship satisfaction between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law. The findings could provide a better understanding of inter-generational relationships in Korean family dynamics. The results also have implications for providing counseling for the development of healthy relationships between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.49-59
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• 1992

New-Piagetian theory has proposed that mental capacity and mental demand do a critical role in human cognitive processes. In this study, the students' mental capacity and the mental demand of the given problems were examined. The principal findings of the study are as follows; (1) There was no significant difference among achievement scores of subjects (3rd grade students of middle school, 2nd grade students of high school, 3rd grade students of high school) in the items of balance that needed specific content knowledge. But, in the Newton's 2nd law items that needed specific content knowledge, there was significant difference be ween3rd grade students of middle school and high school students(2nd, 3rd). According to increase of mental demand, middle school students' achievement score appeared to decrease linearly. However high school students' achievement score didn't change untill they faced the items of critical mental demand. When mental demand was beyond critical mental demand,their score was decreased rapidly. (2) According to hierchical analysis of items, the more mental demand an item needed, the higher or at least the same hierachical item was. These results showed that mental demand was the main factor which decided diffculties of problem solving (3) It was possible for students to solve the newton's 2nd law item that had one or two more mental demand relative to balance beam item. Although the item needed the same mental demand.students recognized that the Newton's 2nd law items were easier than the balance beam items.