• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.211-223
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• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of task-oriented circuit training using unstable support surface on balance, gait ability, and balance confidence in subacute stroke patients. Methods : Forty-five patients with subacute stroke were randomly divided into the three following groups of 15: 1) TOCT-US group; task-oriented circuit training using unstable surface (experimental group 1), 2) TOCT-SS group; task-oriented circuit training using stable surface (experimental group 2), and 3) CON group; conventional physical therapy (control group). All patients participated in one of the three training programs for 6 weeks, 30 minutes per session, 3 times per week. Patients' balance ability was assessed using the BT-4, BBS (berg balance scale), TUG (time up and go test), and LOS (limit of stability). Gait speed was measured to examine gait ability. K-ABC (activities-specific balance confidence scale) was also used to assess the level of patients' confidence in daily activities. Results : After the intervention, the sway area in experimental groups 1 and 2 decreased, but that in the control group increased. Experimental group 1 showed significant improvement compared with experimental group 2 and the control group. BBS, TUG, and LOS scores of experimental group 1 were significantly improved compared with those of experimental group 2 and the control group. Also, gait speed significantly improved in experimental group 1 compared with experimental group 2 and the control group. Experimental groups 1 and 2 showed significant improvement in K-ABC scores after training. Conclusion : Patients with subacute stroke had significantly improved balance, gait, and level of confidence in performing activities of daily living following task-oriented circuit training using the unstable surface. This indicates that task-oriented circuit training using unstable surfaces can be an effective treatment method for the recovery of balance and gait in subacute stroke patients.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effects of core program exercise on balance in patients with chronic low back pain. Thirty-four subjects participated in this study, these subjects were assigned into two groups, a control group(n=17) and an experimental group(n=17). Methods: The subjects in the control group were received a conservative physical therapy and in the experimental group carried out the core program exercise for 30 minutes per day, three times a week during 6 weeks. In order to evaluate the progresses of balance ability, corresponding variables were measured at two times, pre and 6th week. The balance ability was assessed using GOOD BALANCE system. The collected data were analyzed by using the paired t-test and ANCOVA. In all statistical analyses, significance level, ${\alpha}$ was set by 0.05. Results: The results of this study were as follows: 1) In the position of left standing eye closed, there were significant difference of Y in the control group and X, Y, V in the experimental group. 2) In the position of right standing eye closed, there were significant difference of Y in the control group and X, Y, V in the experimental group. 3) In the position of dynamic balance 1, there were significant difference APV in experimental groups. 4) In the position of dynamic balance 2, there were significant difference MLV in experimental groups. 5) There were significances between the two group of X, V in static balance and APV in dynamic balance. Conclusion: The above results indicated that a core program exercise improved balance abilities in patients with chronic low back. The further studies should be focused at development of various modified forms of the core program exercise in keeping up the improvement effect of this exercise.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.109-121
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to test the difference of sitting balance control between a normal group and a group of patients with low back pain when their eyes were opened or closed. The 30 subjects of the control group had been chosen from healthy individuals who fit into the pre-designed criteria, and the 30 subjects of the experimental group were composed of the patients with LBP who had their treatment from S hospital from september 1, 2002, to October 30, 2002, and the subjects were measured by static balance test by using a balance performance monitor(BPM). Static balance test was done twice for each subject with his or her eyes opened and closed. Collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS/PC using unpaired T-Test, Pained T-Test and multiple regression. The results were as follows: 1. In static balance test, normal group did not show statistical significance in sway angle(Anterior, Posterior, left and Right), sway path, sway area and maximal sway velocity, but showed statistical significance in mean balance with eyes opened and eyes dosed(P<.05) 2. In static balance test, LBP group did not show statistical significance in sway angle(Anterior, Posterior, left and Right), mean balance, sway path, sway area and maximal sway velocity with eyes opened and eyes dosed 3. With eyes opened, the comparison between the normal group and the LBP group showed statistical significance in sway angle(Anterior, Posterior, left and Right), mean valance, sway path, sway area and maximal sway velocity(p<.05). With eyes closed, normal group and LBP group did not show statistical significance in sway angle(Anterior and Right), sway area, but showed statistical significance in sway angle(Posterior and Left), mean balance, sway path, sway area and maximal sway velocity(p<.05) In conclusion, there was a significant difference in static sitting balance between normal group and LBP patients group. For future studies, I strongly suggest that researches be done on the treatment with LBP by predicting changes of postures and manipulating them.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.2028-2035
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• 2020

Background: Weakness of the trunk muscles decreases the trunk control ability of stroke patients, which is significantly related to balance and gait. Objectives: To compare the impact of diagonal pattern self-exercise on an unstable surface and a stable surface for trunk rehabilitation on trunk control, balance, and gait ability in stroke patients. Design: Nonequivalent control group design. Methods: Twenty four participants were randomized into the experimental group (diagonal pattern self-exercise while sitting on an unstable surface, n=12) and the control group (diagonal pattern self-exercise while sitting on a stable surface, n=12). All interventions were conducted for 30 minutes, three times a week for four weeks, and the trunk impairment scale (TIS), berg balance scale (BBS), functional gait assessment (FGA), and G-walk were measured. Results: All groups indicated significant increases in all variables (TIS, BBS, FGA, cadence, speed, stride length) after four weeks. The TIS, BBS, FGA, cadence, gait speed, and stride length group-by-time were significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: We found that, in stroke patients, diagonal pattern self-exercise on an unstable surface is a more effective method for improving trunk control, balance, and gait ability than diagonal pattern self-exercise on a stable surface.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.33-42
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate correlations of the Trunk Control Test (TCT), Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS-TC), and Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) and to compare the TCT, PASS-TC, TIS and its subscales in relation to balance, gait and functional performance ability after stroke. Sixty-two stroke patients attending a rehabilitation program participated in the study. Trunk control was measured with the use of TCT, PASS-TC, TIS balance (Berg Balance scale; BSS), gait ability (10 m walk test), functional performance ability (Tuned Up and Go Test TUG) and the mobility part of the Modified Barthel index (MBI), Fugl Meyer-Upper/Lower Extremity ($FM-U{\cdot}L/E$), The scatter-plot (correlation coefficient) was composed for the total scores of the TCT, PASS-TC, and TIS. The multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of trunk control on balance, gait, and functional performance ability. Twenty eight participants (45.2%) and twenty participants (32.3%) obtained the maximum score on the TCT and PASS-TC respectively; no subject reached the maximum score on the Trunk Impairment Scale. There were significant correlations between the TIS and TCT (r=.38, p<.01), PASS-TC (r=.30, p<.05), TCT and PASS-TC (r=.59, p<.01). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the BBS score (${\beta}=.420{\sim}.832$) had slightly more power in predicting trunk control than the $FM-U{\cdot}L/E$. TIS-dynamic sitting balance, TUG and the MBI-mobility part. This study 치early indicates that trunk control is still impaired in stroke patients. Measures of trunk control were significantly related with values of balance, gait and functional performance ability. The results imply that management of trunk rehabilitation after stroke should be emphasized.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.39-45
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• 2023

PURPOSE: This study aimed to provide the basic data necessary for rehabilitation by identifying the effects of complex balance exercises combined with self-observation training on balance and gait improvement in stroke patients. METHODS: This study assigned 20 people randomly into two groups: the control and experimental groups. The experimental group (10 subjects) underwent self-observation training-combined complex balance exercise. The control group (10 subjects) underwent complex balance exercises. A pretest of the balance ability and walking ability of both groups was performed. The interventions were conducted for 30 minutes three times a week for four weeks, and post-tests were conducted four weeks after all interventions were completed. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups according to the increase in Berg Balance Sale within the group and a statistically significant difference by a decrease in 10MWT (p < .01). On the other hand, there was a significant difference only in the change in Berg Balance Sale between the two groups (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Combined balance exercise combined with self-observation training and combined balance exercise alone positively affected the Berg Balance Sale and 10MWT in both groups. On the other hand, in the results between groups, there was a statistically significant difference in Berg Balance Sale in complex balance exercise combined with self-observation training. Therefore, self-observation training should be used for the rapid social rehabilitation of stroke patients.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2023

Objective: Kinesio tape has been applied to the ankle to improve balance and gait. Stroke patients show abnormal gait patterns due to foot drop. This study aimed to determine the effects of ankle balance taping which to support the ankle joint on balance and gait in patients with chronic stroke. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: Twenty-four chronic stroke patients were selected and randomized into experimental group (n=12) and control group (n=12). The experimental group applied kinesio taping three times a week for three weeks, and the control group applied placebo taping for the same amount of time. To evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment, the subjects' walking ability, static balance, and dynamic balance were assessed before and after the experiment. Gait speed and spatiotemporal gait ability were measured to examine walking ability, postural sway velocity and velocity moment for static balance, and Timed-Up and Go test and Berg Balance Scale were conducted to check dynamic balance. Results: The experimental group showed a significant increase in walking ability, static balance, and dynamic balance in the within-group pre-post difference (p<0.05). In the between-group comparison, the experimental group had a significant difference in walking ability than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Ankle balance taping can help improve gait, and this study can be used as a basis for future studies of ankle balance taping.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.9-14
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of visual Auditory rhythmic stimulation(VARS) in gait ability and proprioception with chronic stroke patients. Twenty-one persons after six months post stroke participated in pre test-post test control. Method : The subjects were randomly assigned to a visual Auditory rhythmic stimulation(VARS) group (n=10) and control group (n=11). Training process was practiced with exercise on thirty minutes a day, three days a week for four weeks. To find out the effect, inspected the FRT(functional reach test) by static balance and TUG(timed up and go test) by dynamic balance. Results : In static balance, FRT distance was significantly different between two group. In dynamic balance, TUG time was significantly different between two group. This study showed that the VARS training increase a balance by postural adjustment of chronic stroke patients more than control group. And so, the VARS training of hemiplegic patients was very important to successive rehabilitation. Conclusion : A continuous examination of VARS training could practical used of physical therapy with exercise.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.355-364
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• 2023

Objective: The aim of this study is to test the effects of elastic band exercise accompanied by Swiss ball exercise on lower limb muscle strength, balance and pain in middle-aged women with osteoarthritis. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty-five participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=18), which performed elastic band exercise combined with Swiss ball exercise, and the control group (n=17), which performed elastic band exercise only. Both groups did a 30-minute session of exercise three times a week for eight weeks and were assessed for lower extremity muscle strength, static and dynamic balance, and pain levels before the first therapy session. All participating patients underwent outcome assessment after eight weeks of therapy without any additional treatment. Results: The experimental group made a significant increase in muscle strength of the lower extremities, static and dynamic balance ability, and pain level (p<0.05). The control group made a significant improvement in lower limb muscle strength, dynamic balance ability and pain level (p<0.05) with no such improvement in static balance ability. The exercise group made a significant increase in static and dynamic balance ability and pain level compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: These results demonstrated that both Swiss ball exercise and elastic band exercise were effective for middle-aged women with osteoarthritis and found that elastic band exercise combined with Swiss ball exercise produced more significant effects on their balance and pain.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.378-382
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• 2012

The purpose of this study effectiveness of core strengthening exercise programs on symmetric double limb support and balance ability for elderly. The subjects that 30 persons between the ages of 65~80 elderly participated were divided into two groups randomly for 8 weeks. Tetrax interactive balance system and Berg's balance scale were used to assess support and stability. Paired t-tests were used to evaluate the changes before and after intervention. The difference between the groups was compared using an independent t-test. The experimental group showed significantly increase weight support, stability, balance(p<.05). However, the control group not showed significantly increase weight support, stability, balance(p>.05). In a variation, experimental and control groups showed significantly increased rate of weight support, stability, balance(p<.05). Consequently, core strengthening exercise program should be considered as a therapeutic method for the elderly to improve the balance ability and effectiveness on falls.