• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.96-110
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• 2000

There are some considerations that must take into account in environmental education in the aspect of the difference of value clarification between ecological and economic viewpoint on environment. Although we have a tendency to think that the differences are unavoidable because we are on the economy-oriented life, we should realize that such emphasis to economics comes from the differences between ecological and economic view point on environment. We have lived and thought on the basis of Economic view point, especially, environmental policies are established on the basis of economic efficiency. But this tendency has become great obstacles to environmental ethics education because it dilutes the reason of natural preservation and removes the fundamental reasons why the nature should be preserved. Therefore it is very difficult to balance the value clarification between economic and ecological viewpoint in actual life. Furthermore, environmental problems can not be solved only through economic approach, because of their limits to belief solving from providing incentives. It is very important to make people have a way of thinking which economic activities and debates can be made on the ecological resources. Therefore we can compare this relation to CHAE-YONG founded on Buddism and Chinese philosophy. CHAE means essence of every reaction in the cosmos, and YONG means the reaction itself. CHAE is regarded to ecological resources, and YONG is thought to every-day economic activities. YONG is not able to existwithout CHAE. If economic activities can be done on the basic limit of ecological resources, we can build suitable environment to living condition. We call this appropriate environment as SANG. In other words, the connection of CHAE-YONG-SANG means ecological resources - economic activities - sustainable environment. It is realized that the relations between economics and ecology should be equalized for the balanced environmental ethics education. This study tries to get out of unbalanced relations between economics and ecology from the persepectives of CHAE-YONG-SANG and it was done to suggest an alternative environmental ethics education program

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2012

Recently, global environmental problems have become serious due to human economic activities. Therefore, in order to build a sustainable society in which human economic activities coexist with nature, it is important to promote and enhance environmental education. As a preceding study, a board and computer game of "Ecopoly," which is the game for education on global environmental problems, were developed. This study further aims to develop algorithms which make decisions in Ecopoly, to automate decision-makings of opponents using the algorithms, and to develop the environmental educational game "Ecopoly V" which enables self-learning. In order to develop the algorithms, the board game of Ecopoly was played, and each player's decision-makings at the all points at which players make a decision were observed and analyzed. From the analyses, it became clear that the decision-makings were distinguished by 3 characteristics; Ecology type, Economy type, and Balance type. Based on the characteristics, the factors and standard values of each decision-making were made clear. Algorithms were developed based on the factors and standard values. Ecopoly V was developed by incorporating the algorithms into the computer game of Ecopoly. Experimental testing of the game was conducted and the validity of the game was verified.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2008

As forest land takes up 65% of the Korean peninsula, there have been continuing conflicts between the development and conservation of forest land. As the income level has changed over time, the usage of forest land in society has changed. There has been increasing demands for forest land for urban development and recreational use. On the other hand, a large proportion of the land is required to be preserved for the forest and the natural ecosystem in it. The existing management system for the forest land has been designed focusing on the management of the trees on the land, and not the land itself. Due to this limitation, the current management system of forest land has failed to protect the forest land from being developed indiscreetly, making it difficult to conserve and develop the forest land in an efficient way. A major question in forest land management is how to integrate economic use activities with the supporting ecosystems to maximize performance of the ecological-economic system. In order to promote sustainable use of forest resources, and to achieve efficient forest land management, it is prerequisite to evaluation on forest resources of natural ecosystems. Quantitative measures are needed that signify how necessary the services and products of forested ecosystems are to human endeavors. In this study, the natural wealth provided by forest land was quantified based on emergy synthesis. Emergy is a universal measure of real wealth of the work of nature and society made on a common basis. Thus, Calculations of emergy provide a basis for making choices about environment and economy following the general public policy to maximize real wealth. The goals of forest land management to achieve balance between the ecology and economy of its integrated system and to foster equity among the diverse outcomes of the forest land were assessed with emergy. Emergy was demonstrated to holistically integrated and quantify the interconnections of a coupled nature-human system allowing the goals of ecological balance and outcome equity to be measured quantitatively. Doing so will provide a better understanding of the basis of forest land wealth and the consequences of management decisions.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.229-258
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• 2023

Для основных ведущих стран Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона США, Китая и России сложилась ситуация "новой нормальности". Причем для каждой из указанных стран эта "новая нормальность" имеет свои собственные особенности, характеристики и значение. Для США – это обострение военного противостояния с Китаем в Тайваньском проливе. Для Китая – обострение соперничества с Соединенными Штатами до нового уровня и, одновременно, замедление темпов экономического развития с очень высокой вероятностью их дальнейшего снижения. "Новая нормальность" для России – это почти полное свертывание отношений с США, ЕС и их партнёрами и союзниками на фоне специальной военной операции и введенных санкций. Эти нюансы, в дополнение к результатам 20-го съезда КПК, во многом и будут определять основные тенденции в китайско-американских и китайско-российских отношениях. С высокой вероятностью отношения Китая и России не претерпят серьезных изменений на фоне украинского кризиса. Пекин будет стараться сохранять позицию "доброжелательного нейтралитета" по отношению к Москве. В то же время баланс между "доброй волей" и "нейтралитетом" может варьироваться в зависимости от масштабов китайско-российского сотрудничества. Например, в экономической сфере китайские компании будут лимитировать сотрудничество с российскими партнерами, опасаясь западных вторичных санкций. Однако, в целом, Россия сохранит свое значение для Китая как сильнейший антиамериканский полюс. В отношениях с США Китай продолжит твердо отстаивать свои интересы, в то же время, не исключая нормализации отношений с Вашингтоном в определенных областях сотрудничества: стратегическая стабильность, нетрадиционные угрозы, экология и т.д. В целом решения 20-го съезда КПК не позволяют говорить ни за, ни против идеи о готовности Китая возобновить диалог с США в период после конгресса. Китайско-американские отношения, как отмечалось выше, имеют свою собственную логику и, вероятно, продолжат развиваться в ее рамках. Впрочем, как и китайско-российские отношения. В рамках этой логики Пекин, похоже, продолжает балансировать между двумя векторами своей внешней политики. С одной стороны – это развитие двустороннего сотрудничества с Россией с целью укрепления собственных переговорных позиций в противостоянии с Вашингтоном: военное сотрудничество с акцентом на совместные учения, политическое сотрудничество, основанное на антиамериканизме, экономическое сотрудничество с оглядкой на риски вторичных санкций. С другой стороны, для Китая неприемлемо, во-первых, нарушение территориальной целостности Украины, во-вторых, прямое военное столкновение с США и, в-третьих, дальнейшее обострение отношений с Вашингтоном по фактору китайской дружбы с Россией.