• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 1996년도 제11회 학술발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.67-67
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• 1996

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집D
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• pp.325-330
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• 2001

One of the principal components of the KSTAR (Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research) tokamak structure is the vacuum vessel, which acts as the high vacuum boundary for the plasma and also provides the structural support for internal components. Hyundai Heavy Industries Inc. has performed the engineering design of the vacuum vessel. Here the overall configuration of the KSTAR vacuum vessel was briefly described and then the design methodology and the analysis results were presented. The vacuum vessel consists of double walls, several ports, leaf spring style supports. Double walls are separated by reinforcing ribs and filled with baking/shielding water. The overall external dimensions of the main body are 3.39 m high, 1.11 m inner radius, 2.99 m outer radius, and made of SA240-316LN. The vacuum vessel was designed to be capable of achieving the base pressure of $1\times10^{-8}$ Torr, and also to be structurally capable of sustaining the vacuum pressure, the electromagnetic and thermal loads during plasma disruption and bakeout, respectively. The vacuum vessel will be baked out maximum $150^{\circ}C$ by hot pressurized water through the channels formed between double walls and the reinforcing ribs. A 3-D temperature distribution and the resulting thermal loads in the vessel were calculated during bakeout. It was found that the vacuum vessel and its supports were structurally rigid based on the thermal stress analysis. The maximum electromagnetic loads on the vacuum vessel induced by eddy and halo currents resulting from the engineering plasma radial and vertical disruption scenarios have been estimated. The stress analyses have been performed based on these electromagnetic loads and the resulting stresses at he critical locations of the vacuum vessel were within the allowable stresses.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.164-172
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• 2001

기계가공으로 제작되고 알칼리 화학세정을 거친 알루미늄합금(A5083) 진공용기에 대한 기체방출 특성을 조사하였다. 상온배기를 시작한 후 가열탈기체 처리를 하기 전 까지 배기곡선은 ~$t^{-1.15}$ 모양을 따랐다. 이 알루미늄 진공용기에 대한 배기곡선을 비교적 간단한 모델들을 사용하여 용기의 내표면에 흡착되어 있는 물의 1차 방출로 분석하였다. ~$10^{-5}-10^{-8}$Torr 압력구간에서 물분자는 ~17 - 22 kcal/mol사이의 탈리에너지 값을 가지는 몇 개의 흡착석에서 방출됨을 알 수 있었다. 한편 $100^{\circ}C$, 24 시간 가열 탈기체 처리후 알루미늄용기에 대한 기체방출률은 상온에서 ~1$\times$$10^{-13}$ Torr$\ell$/s $\textrm{cm}^2$로 측정되었다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2006

The harmfulness of HCHO and VOCs from construction material and furniture has been increased gradually. It must be need to prevent pollution materials' accumulation indoor effectively and to remove very small amount of harmful pollution materials in various plans, because these kinds of pollution materials greatly affect human body, Therefore, this study is focused to find out the improvements of Indoor Air Quality in execution of natural ventilation and bakeout to reduce indoor chemical pollution materials or not. After effects of indoor air quality by natural ventilation and bake-out being examined, it is follows the conclusion. As for the density change of TVOC and Toluene according to time lapse, in case the middle and high-story areas have bake-out, the density increased once, but it showed the gradual decrease after bake-out was stopped, and it was shown that it exceeded the standards recommended for newly built apartment. The bake-out is effective to discharge the HCHO and TVOC from the construction material and the furniture, and the natural ventilation is effective remove the indoor pollution materials.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.247-254
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• 2000

The base pressure of vacuum vessel of the KSTAR (Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research) Tokamak is to be a ultra high vacuum, $10^{-6}{\sim}10^{-7}Pa$, to produce clean plasma with low impurity containments. For this purpose, the KSTAR vacuum vessel and plasma facing components need to be baked up to at least $250^{\circ}C,\;350^{\circ}C$ respectively, within 24 hours by hot nitrogen gas from a separate baking/cooling line system to remove impurities from the plasma-material interaction surfaces before plasma operation. Here by applying the implicit numerical method to the heat balance equations of the system, overall temperature distributions of the KSTAR vacuum vessel and plasma facing components are obtained during the whole baking process. The model for 2-dimensional baking analysis are segmented into 9 imaginary sectors corresponding to each plasma facing component and has up-down symmetry. Under the resulting combined loads including dead weight, baking gas pressure, vacuum pressure and thermal loads, thermal stresses in the vacuum vessel during bakeout are calculated by using the ANSYS code. It is found that the vacuum vessel and its supports are structurally rigid based on the thermal stress analyses.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.468-476
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate actual air quality in newly-constructed multi-family houses and to improve Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). The field measurement was conducted in four different newly-constructed multi-family house complexes in Seoul and one existing multi-family house complex in Kyong-gi province. The result of the measurement shows that indoor concentrations of Formaldehyde and TVOC in newly-constructed multi-family houses are much higher than the foreign standards. To establish a proper process for reducing indoor air pollutants, various experiments have been conducted; application of natural materials, bake-out practice, closure of all openings without ventilation, and use of mechanical ventilation system. The result indicates that three practices (natural materials, bakeout, mechanical ventilation) can reduce the level of indoor air pollutants almost in half during the experiments. However, each practice has its limitation and is insufficient to satisfy IAQ standards. Therefore, the study proposes a proper reduction process of indoor air pollutants which combines four different practices in time sequence.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.468-476
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• 2006

The paper deals with the numerical analysis of contaminants emission from the material affected by temperature variation in floor heating system. Considering mass transfer and heat transfer theories, a computer program for the analysis of VOCs emission was made. To demonstrate the accuracy of the numerical solution, the prediction results and the measured data were compared. Using this program, emission rates of the materials in the bakeout space and the no bake-out space were compared to estimate the variation of emission rate.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.417-424
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 2012년에 입주되는 신축공동주택을 대상으로 실시된 실내공기질 측정결과를 통하여 실내공기질의 계절별 특성을 조사하고자 하였다. 측정대상은 전국에 걸친 43개의 공동주택 단지였으며, 입주 전 베이크아웃이 실시된 상태였다. "실내공기질공정시험기준"(환경부)에 준하여 측정하였으며, 포름알데히드, 벤젠, 톨루엔, 에틸벤젠, 자일렌, 크실렌의 6개 항목의 단지별 평균방출량을 분석하였다. 측정결과, 실내온도가 $30^{\circ}C$까지 상승하는 하절기로 갈수록 실내공기오염물질이 다량 방출되는 특성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 모든 항목이 권고기준 이하로 나타났다. 포름알데히드 평균 방출농도는 실내온도가 $25^{\circ}C$이상 높아지는 6월~9월의 방출량이 높게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있으며, 벤젠의 평균 방출농도는 모든 계절에 소량으로 방출되는 것으로 나타났다. 톨루엔 및 에틸벤젠의 평균 방출농도는 실내온도 $22^{\circ}C{\sim}30^{\circ}C$까지 상승하는 4월~8월에 방출량이 다소 높게 나타났으며, 자일렌, 스티렌 방출량은 모두 4월에 많이 방출된 것으로 나타났으나 일년에 걸쳐 큰 편차없이 고르게 방출되는 것으로 나타났다. 향후에는 세부적인 온도조건과 오염물질 방출량과의 상관관계를 조사하기 위해서는 현장에서 측정세대마다 온도조건을 다르게 조절하여 오염물질방출량 측정분석을 통해 정량적 상관관계를 살펴 볼 필요성이 있을 것으로 판단된다.