• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2004

Baek-kimchi (whitish baechu kimchi) was evaluated for anti-obesity properties and effects on triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol in blood and adipose tissues in rats fed a high fat (20 %) diet, and compared to the similar effects of baechu kimchi. Baek-kimchi does not use red pepper powder but contains higher levels of sliced radish and pear than baechu kimchi. SD rats were raised for four weeks on either a normal diet (ND, based on the AIN-93M diet), high fat diet (HFD, supplemented with 16% lard oil in the ND), or HFD containing 5 % baek-kimchi or 5 % baechu kimchi. Feed consumption was not different among the groups, but weight gains were significantly lower in the groups fed either the normal diet or HFD with baek-kimchi or baechu kimchi diets than the group fed HFD alone. The weights of liver and epididymal and perirenal fat pads in baek-kimchi and baechu kimchi diet groups were lower than those of the HFD groups, but the baek-kimchi diet group had lower epididymal and perirenal fat pad weights than the baechu kimchi diet group (p<0.05). The baechu kimchi dietary group also had significantly lower triglyceride and cholesterol contents in liver and epididymal and perirenal fat, reversing the higher levels seen in HFD. Baek-kimchi and baechu kimchi diets were also effective in lowering serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels (p<0.05). These results suggest that baek-kimchi and baechu kimchi consumption can reverse the effects of HFD on weight gain and blood and tissue lipids, and that baek-kimchi is more effective than baechu kimchi. The greater effect is probably due to the higher content of radish and pear used in baek-kimchi.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.127-136
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• 2022

Comparing the quality characteristics of kimchi were measured and anticancer effects using AGS human gastric cancer cells were observed. Five kinds of kimchi samples were made of Kanghwa Baek kimchi (KB), Kangwha Turnip kimchi (KT), Turnip: Chinese cabbage = 1:1 Baek kimchi (T1B1), Turnip:Chinese cabbage = 4:1 Baek kimchi (T4B1), Turnip mul kimchi (T). As a result T kimchi showed the best fermentation characteristics among the five samples. T kimchi had a lower percentage of the total number of aerobic bacteria, while the number of lactobacillus was higher than that of other samples. The mRNA and protein expression levels of apoptosis-related factors found that T kimchi significantly increases the mRNA expression levels of caspases-3 and caspases-9 in AGS human gastric cancer cells as compared to the other kimchi samples. It showed high anticancer effects in the order of T, T1B1, and KB kimchi. As the anticancer effect of Turnip mul kimchi made only of turnip was higher, the higher the turnip content, the higher the anticancer effect. These results show that there were changes in fermentation characteristics such as pH, acidity, number of lactic acid bacteria, and anticancer effects according to the ratio of turnip and cabbage.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.1060-1066
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• 2020

This study was focused on developing and obtaining a kimchi starter for use in commercial kimchi production. Kimchi varieties made with selected starters are of high quality, have high levels of mannitol, and extended shelf life. The starters were screened for properties such as mannitol production, low gas/acid production, and acid resistance. Finally, kimchi fermentation testing was performed using selected LAB starters. Kimchi samples were prepared with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) starters, including Leuconostoc mesenteroides PBio03 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides PBio104. The LAB starters are isolated from kimchi and can grow under pH 3.0 and low temperature conditions of 5℃. Four kimchi samples were fermented and stored for 28 days at 5℃. The kimchi samples made with starters (PBio03 and PBio104) had better quality (production of mannitol and maintenance of heterofermentative LAB dominance) than the non-starter kimchi samples. In the starter kimchi, Leu. mesenteroides was the dominant LAB, comprising 80% and 70% of total LAB counts at 7 and 21 days, respectively. Mannitol content of the kimchi with Leu. mesenteroides PBio03 was 1,423 ± 19.1 mg/100 g at 28 days, which was higher than that of the non-starter kimchi sample (1,027 ± 12.2 mg/100 g). These results show the possibility of producing kimchi with improved qualities using Leu. mesenteroides PBio03 and PBio104 as starters.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.199-212
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• 2006

The objective of this study were to examine the consumption pattern and awareness of Kimchi, which is our traditional food, preference for Kimchi, and the way of quality improvement in order to understand the recognition about the position and importance of Kimchi. The results are as follows. As for the recognition about regional way of making Kimchi, it turned out that married women in Seoul and Daejeon don't know their own ways of making Kimchi, and those in Daejeon don't know it more than those in Seoul. The rate of using Kimchi made at home was higher in Daejeon than in Seoul, and the rate of using Kimchi in both ways turned out higher in Seoul than in Daejeon. The reason why they use home-made Kimchi was that they generally prefer their own specific tastes both in Seoul and in Daejeon. Daily Kimchi ingestion was higher in Daejeon than in Seoul. Besides, the recognition about the superiority of our traditional Kimchi turned out high both in Seoul and in Daejeon. The survey of preferring Kimchi taste has been found that well pickled and proper seasoned Kimchi were most preferred both in Seoul and in Daejeon. Preference rate of various kinds of Kimchi came in the following order: Baechu Kimchi, Mu Kimchi, Oisobaki, Pa-buchu Kimchi in the Seoul area while Baechu Kimchi, Mu Kimchi, Pa-buchu kimchi, Oisobaki in the Daejeon area. In general, a sort of Kimchi stew was most popular as a dish using Kimchi with 63.8% both in Seoul and in Daejeon. It has been found in Seoul as well as in Daejeon that Kimchi served at a restaurant was usually untasty in comparison with Kimchi at home. The rate of preferring Kimchi on the markets in Seoul and in Daejeon as a whole came in the following order: Baechu Kimchi, Chongkak Kimchi, Baek kimchi People thought both in Seoul and in Daejeon that materials and cleanness were top priority when choosing Kimchi on the market. According to the result as above, recognition rate of Kimchi in the Seoul and Daejeon areas was shown rather low. Consequently, a further detailed research on Kimchi is thought to be needed. As the recognition of Kimchi increases, Kimchi consumption will increase accordingly. In order to prevent adult diseases, I think we should increase the consumption of Korean traditional fermentation food including Kimchi by increasing recognition of importance of nutrition, function, superiority, and the role of fermentation of Kimchi.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.407-416
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• 2005

The kimchi refrigerator is the electric home appliance which is used for the maturing and preserving of the kimchi in domestic and foreign market. The kimchi refrigerator is composed in 3 main parts as insulation. kimchi container, machinery room. The heat exchanger of kimchi refrigerator is made of aluminum and the other parts are made of steel and polymer. Also, kimchi refrigerator is expensive and heavy as compared with same class of refrigerator until now. In the present study, the possibility to replace heat exchanger from aluminum to thermal conductive plastic was analyzed and experimented. The thermal conductive plastic has $10{\sim}100$ times heat conductivity than that of normal plastic. It is known that heat transfer process is dependent not only conduction but convection or radiation. Thermal conductivity of the applied material in this research is over than 2 W/mK, thermal conductivity doesn't play a vital role on heat transfer. In this study, temperature is the most important parameter on the kimchi refrigerator and the temperature of kimchi refrigerator's heat exchanger was measured and compared with the temperature calibrated by CFD analysis on the inside wall of the kimchi refrigerator. It is important to keep constantly the inside temperature of the Kimchi refrigerator. Besides numerical analyses for the new thermal conductive plastic for heat exchanger were executed with the various height of evaporation tube. A series of experiments were conducted to compare the performance of the two heat exchanger made of aluminum and thermal conductive plastic at the same condition and certified the possibility of the thermal conductive plastic. According to these results, it was confirmed that the conventional aluminium heat exchanger can be replaced by thermal conductive plastic successfully.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.218-225
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• 2006

Freeze-dried kimchi fractions, water-soluble (WSK) versus water-insoluble (WISK), on their effects on plasma lipids and for their fibrinolytic activities were studied. Nineteen middle-aged healthy subjects were assigned to WSK, WISK, or placebo during 6 weeks of kimchi supplementation. Subjects in the WSK and WISK groups were supplemented with 3 grams of kimchi pills (equivalent to 60 grams of fresh kimchi), while the placebo group was on their normal diets. LDL/HDL and atherogenic index decreased in the subjects who received kimchi pills, but not in those in the placebo group. The levels of plasma triglyceride were significantly decreased in the WSK group compared with those in the WISK group (p<0.05). However, there was no difference in the levels of total cholesterol and HDL between the two groups. Fibrinolytic activity of WISK was significantly higher than that of WSK.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.244-250
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• 2017

Dimethylamine(DMA), 질산염, 아질산염, biogenic amines은 발암성 니트로사민의 전구물질이다. 본 연구는 국내 상품 김치로 유통되고 있는 국내산 배추김치, 깍두기, 총각김치, 맛김치, 묵은김치, 백김치의 김치 내 DMA, 질산염, 아질산염, biogenic amines의 오염도를 조사하였다. 배추김치 내 DMA, 질산염, 아질산염 함량은 각각 29.7, 2,178.8, 3.0 mg/kg이었다. 김치 종류 중에서 깍두기의 DMA와 질산염 함량이 가장 낮았다. Tryptamine, putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, spermidine이 백김치와 총각김치를 제외한 분석된 김치 내 검출되었다. 백김치 내 tryptamine이 단지흔적량 존재하고 spermidine은 총각김치에서는 검출되지 않았다. 배추김치 내 tryptamine, putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, spermidine의 함량은 각각 15.0, 64.6, 18.0, 44.0, 7.8 mg/kg이었다. 깍두기 내 tyramine의 함량이 낮았다. 깍두기 내 NDMA의 오염도를 분석하였고, 그 평균 함량은 $1.38{\mu}g/kg$이었다. 깍두기 1일 평균 섭취량과 체중을 근거로 깍두기 섭취군의 NDMA 인체노출량을 산출한 결과 깍두기 섭취로 인한 NDMA 노출량은 $2.31{\times}10^{-7}mg/kg\;b.w./d$로 나타났으며, 노출안전역(MOE)은 259,924로 위해 정도가 매우 낮은 안전한 수준으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.524-532
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 천문동 건근의 부위에 따른 항산화 활성을 비교하여 이와 관련된 물질을 탐색하고 동정하였다. 천문동 건근에서 항산화 활성이 높은 부위는 껍질에 해당하고 DPPH radical 소거능, nitrite 소거능, hydroxy radical 소거능 및 ABTS 양이온 소거능과 같은 항산화 활성이 껍질 부위에서 상대적으로 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이러한 결과는 껍질에 존재하는 폴리페놀 화합물에 의한 것으로 판단되었다. 껍질에 존재하는 항산화 활성 물질을 HPLC를 이용하여 분리하고 동정한 결과 리그닌의 생합성에 중요한 전구물질인 caffeic acid가 주요 항산화 활성 물질이었으며, 이러한 결과를 토대로 천문동이 지닌 효능을 최대로 사용하기 위해서는 천문동의 건조 후에 껍질을 제거하지 않고 사용하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 생각한다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.381-388
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 증숙 맥문동을 첨가한 쿠키의 품질 특성 및 관능적 특성을 반응표면분석법을 이용하여 분석하여 저칼로리 쿠키의 개발 가능성을 검토하고자 하였다. 증숙 맥문동 열수추출물, 버터 및 설탕의 함량을 독립변수로 하고 17가지의 쿠키를 제조하여 쿠키의 특성을 분석한 결과 독립변수에 따라서 반죽의 퍼짐성, 쿠키의 당도, 색도, 경도 및 색, 조직감, 단맛, 외관, 전반적인 기호도와 관련된 관능적 특성이 유의적으로 변화하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 설탕의 사용은 최소로 하면서 쿠키의 품질 특성 및 관능 특성에 대한 반응변수의 값을 최대로 나타낼 수 있는 배합비를 분석한 결과 당류 저감화를 위한 최적의 배합비는 증숙 맥문동 열수추출물 6.84 g, 버터 47.20 g, 설탕 36.02 g으로 나타났다. 최적화된 배합비를 토대로 증숙 맥문동 열수추출물이 첨가되지 않은 대조군과 품질 특성 및 관능적 특성을 비교한 결과, 당도는 유의적으로 감소하였으나 관능평가 항목의 단맛은 유의적인 차이가 나지 않으면서 나머지의 관능평가 항목은 유의적으로 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 증숙 맥문동의 활용할 경우 당류 저감화를 위한 다양한 제품의 개발에 중요한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.690-695
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 미더덕 껍질(SCT)의 전처리과정에 사용되는 수산화나트륨을 농도별로 처리하여 알칼리처리에 따른 SCT 셀룰로오스의 물리화학적 특성 및 효소학적 특성에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 알칼리처리 한 SCT를 주사전자현미경으로 분석한 결과 알칼리처리에 의해 표면에 농도 의존적으로 상당히 많은 손상을 초래하는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, X-선 회절 분석을 통한 결정화도의 분석으로 알칼리처리에 따라서 SCT 셀룰로오스의 결정화도가 증가함을 알 수 있었다. Celluclast를 이용한 효소의 초기반응에서는 알칼리처리에 따른 SCT 표면 손상과 효소반응이 밀접한 관계가 있었으나 장시간 동안 완전분해를 하는 경우에는 알칼리처리로 인한 결정화도의 증가로 인해 분해되지 않고 남는 SCT가 많음을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 SCT의 전처리 시에 알칼리 사용을 최대한 적게 사용하거나 결정화도를 감소시킬 수 있는 대체 기술에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.