• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.639-644
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• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the number of live and dead bacteria attached to, or within, the stratified squamous epithelium lining the tissue side of the gingival sulcus. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 patients was examined and classified into healthy or diseased sites according to inflammatory status of the gingival tissue. The surface of stratified squamous epithelium was removed by gentle scraping of the gingival sulcus with curettes. The cells were processed in the laboratory by density-gradient centrifugation to separate the epithelial cells from the loose bacteria and debris. The LIVE/$DEAD^{(R)}$ $BacLight^{TM}$ Bacterial Viability Kit was applied and the specimens were observed by an epifluorescent microscope and the number of bacteria was counted. Results: Live and dead bacteria were stained to green and red, irrespectively. Generally, the number of total bacteria in the diseased sites was significantly higher than in the healthy sites. The mean number of detected bacteria in the diseased sites was $58.6{\pm}36.0$ (red bacteria $10.4{\pm}9.2$ / green bacteria $48.2{\pm}30.5$), while it was $1.5{\pm}1.7$ in the healthy sites (red bacteria $0.1{\pm}0.3$ / green bacteria $1.4{\pm}1.5$). The percentage of red bacteria was $17.5{\pm}11.2%$ in the diseased sites and $2.0{\pm}5.8%$ in the healthy sites. Conclusion: The total number of bacteria in the diseased sites was significantly higher than that of the healthy sites. The ratio and the number of red bacteria were also significantly higher in the diseased sites.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.41-58
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• 2013

Objectives: The object of this study was to observe the in vitro anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of three single aqueous herbal extracts(Trichosanthes Semen, Gardeniae Fructus, and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), traditionally used for treating various gynecological diseases including mastitis in Korea, against Staphylococcus aureus and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-activated Raw 264.7 cells. Methods: Anti-bacterial activities of three single aqueous herbal extracts against S. aureus were detected using standard agar microdilution methods. In addition, the effects on the cell viability, $PGE_2$, NO, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 productions of LPS activated Raw 264.7 cells. The anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects were compared with lincomycin and piroxicam, respectively in the present study. Results: MIC of three single aqueous herbal extracts against S. aureus were detected as over 25, $4.063{\pm}2.096$ and $1.641{\pm}0.972$ mg/ml, respectively. MIC of lincomycin was detected as $0.469{\pm}0.297{\mu}g/ml$ at same conditions. In addition, $ED_{50}$ against LPS-induced cell viabilities and cytokine releases of three single aqueous herbal extracts were as follows - cell viability: 7.635, 13.761, 6.986 mg/ml, NO production : 4.808, 22.015, 2.949 mg/ml, $PGE_2$ production : 3.040, 4.312, 0.821 mg/ml, TNF-${\alpha}$ production : 9.563, 54.931, 1.240 mg/ml, IL-$1{\beta}$ production : 1.362, 1.801, 0.534 mg/ml, IL-6 production : 0.371, 0.797, 0.202 mg/ml, respectively. $ED_{50}$ of piroxicam against LPS-induced cell viabilities, NO, $PGE_2$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 were detected as 35.179, 6.552, 1.162, 7.273, 7.101 and 5.044 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively at same conditions. Conclusions: The results of the study showed anti-bacterial effects against S. aureus in the order of Gardeniae Fructus and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix aqueous extracts, except for Trichosanthes Semen. They also showed anti-inflammatory effects against LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells in the order of Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, Trichosanthes Semen, and Gardeniae Fructus aqueous extracts. These three herbs are expected to be great substitutes to reduce side-effect of lincomycin and piroxicam, if the amount of those three single aqueous herbal extracts is adjusted appropriately.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XII)
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• pp.635-638
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• 2003

For the acute assessment on biological toxicity of wastewater, surface plasmon resonance(SPR) based cell viability detection was performed using gold surface-confined cell as a result of adhesion-modifying chemicals. Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) was investigated after exposure to EDTA. Cells were immobilized on gold coated slide glass for SPR analysis by the method of cross-linking carboxyl group on the bacterial surface with amine group of poly-L-lysine that had been coupled to the gold surface modified by a self-assembled monolayer of 11-mercaptounde canoic acid (11-(MUA)). Reflective intensity of each flow step was changed with respect to confect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) disodium salt and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution. The proposed detection technique can be used for biological toxicity test.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.74-77
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• 2006

A lactic acid bacterial strain resistant to several antibiotics such as oxytetracycline, tylosin, neomycin and sulfathiazole, which have been often used as a therapeutic agent in livestock, was isolated from the porcine gastrointestinal tract. The isolate YB-55 was identified as belonging to the genus Pediococcus with the highest similarity to P. pentosaceus on the basis of its 16S rRNA sequence and biochemical properties. The isolated strain showed viability of over 85% at pH 3.0 and was resistant to bile salt. The strain produced lactic acid of 12.3 g/L by jar fermentation and maintained its viability in the presence of antibiotics at dosage related therapeutic effect, suggesting P. pentosaceus YB-55 may of ffr potential as a probiotics for livestock.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.622-639
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• 1990

The use of aortic valve homograft has been developed since 1962 when Ross and Barratt - Boyes independently replaced a diseased aortic valve with an orthotopically inserted homograft valve. And also surgical treatment of complex congenital cardiac malformations utilizing homograft extracardiac conduit has been tried with better result than any other prosthetic material. The present study was undertaken to clarify the safety tissue viability, sterility, after following our protocol of procurement of heart, dissection of aortic and pulmonic homograft, sterilization, cryopreservation, thawing and dilution, and transplantation on experimental animal, sheep. Tissue viability of valve and great artery was assessed by tissue culture. Sterility was evaluated by bacterial and fungal culture. The method used was proven no deleterious effect on the integrity of the valve. Tissue culture of valve tissue before, and after cryopreservation process resulted that active fibroblast growth was observed from homograft sterilized with antibiotics. And culture of the transplanted homograft from sacrificed animal showed active fibroblast growth. Pathologic examination of implanted valve tissue from sacrificed sheep showed mild calcification and minor change, but there were moderate and severe calcification of wall of great arteries.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2019

The effects of yogurt supplementation with enzyme-bioconverted ginseng (EBG), ascorbic acid, and yeast extract on the bacterial counts of Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, and Bifidobacterium BB-12 were investigated to develop healthy yogurts with high probiotic counts during storage. In addition, the colors and viscosities of the yogurts were determined. EBG, ascorbic acid, and yeast extract did not affect S. thermophilus counts. EBG and ascorbic acid enhanced the viabilities of L. acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium BB-12 during storage. Yeast extract improved growth of L. acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium BB-12 during fermentation. EBG turned the yogurt into brown color. We conclude that supplementation of yogurt with EBG, ascorbic acid, and yeast extract may enhance its health-promoting functions by increasing the viability of probiotics, which can thus promote consumption of the yogurt.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.668-674
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• 2020

Manuka honey (MH) has been shown anti-bacterial activity against several pathogenic bacteria. However, the inhibitory effect of MH on biofilm formation by Escherichia coli O157:H7 has not yet been examined. In this study, MH significantly reduced E. coli O157:H7 biofilm. Moreover, pre- and post-treatment with MH also significantly reduced E. coli O157:H7 biofilm. Cellular metabolic activities exhibited that the viability of E. coli O157:H7 biofilm cells was reduced in the presence of MH. Further, colony forming unit of MH-treated E. coli O157:H7 biofilm was significantly reduced by over 70%. Collectively, this study suggests the potential of anti-biofilm properties of MH which could be applied to control E. coli O157:H7.

• 한국패션뷰티학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.130-138
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to assess the cosmeceutical activies of four kinds of Korea herb medicine extracts using in cosmetics and related industries. The cosmeceutical activities of extracts were investigated by tyrosinase inhibition, astringent, anti-bacterial and MTT assay for cell viability. In the whitening effect, PA that the highest tyrosinase inhibition activity showed 56% at 10 ppm in ethanol extract. Also water and ethanol extract of RE showed 54%, 68% at 1,000 ppm, respectively, but LE and CA showed lower effect. Astringent effect of water and ethanol extract of PA appeared over 60% at 1,000ppm concentration but other extracts showed no astringent effect. In the anti-bacterial test, water and ethanol extract of PA showed no anti-bacterial effect against all microorganisms. But water and ethanol extract of RE showed anti-bacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus, ethanol extract of showed on Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes, ethanol extract of CA showed on Candida albicans. The resUlt of stability test showed that the emulsion of containing PA were very stable at various temperature and sun-light test. Viscosity and pH of emulsion did not change. From the results of human patch test to assess the safety of cosmetics containing PA there was no negative reaction on skin was found.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2007

The antibacterial activity of Korean honey bee venom (KBV) was examined against seven major bacterial mastitis pathogens, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus uberis isolated from infected mammary quarters of cows. Seven bacterial mastitis pathogens were studied for antibacterial activity of the KBV by disc diffusion assay, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and bacterial count in milk samples. The KBV showed activity against Ent. faecium, E. coli, MRSA, Staph. aureus, Strep. intermedius. The order of susceptibility of the bacteria against the KBV was Staph. aureus>MRSA>E. coli>Strep. intermedius>Ent. faecium>Strep. oralis>Strep. uberis. The MIC against Staph. aureus, MRSA and E. coli were stronger effect as compared with standard drug. The effect of the KBV ($100{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$) on the viability of Ent. faecium, E. coli, MRSA, Staph. aureus, Strep. intermedius, Strep. oralis and Strep. uberis in milk differed significantly with each other within 12 h incubation period. The results indicate that KBV has significant antibacterial effects against major bacterial mastitis bacteria, Ent. faecium, E.coli, MRSA, Staph. aureus, Strep. intermedius. Results of the study indicate the potential use of KBV as alternative to antibiotic therapy. Further investigations are needed though to confirm its efficacy and its effects on the animals.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2003

Aromatic hydrocarbons are of major concern among genotoxic chemicals due to their toxicity and persistence. Some microorganisms can utilize aromatic hydrocarbons as carbon and energy sources by inducing expression of catabolic operon(s). The XylR regulatory protein activates transcription of the catabolic enzymes to degrade BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) from its cognate promoters, Pu and Ps upon exposure of the cells to the aromatic hydrocarbons. The activity of XylR on the promoters was previously monitored using luciferase luc reporter system. The xylR, its promoter Pr and the promoter Po for the phenolic compound catabolic operon were introduced upstream of firefly luciferase luc in the pGL3b vector to generate about 7.1 kb of pXRBTEX. Here E. coli harboring the plasmid was freeze-dried under various conditions to fin,d optimal conditions for storage and transport. The cell viability and luciferase activity were maintained better, when the cells were freeze-dried at -7$0^{\circ}C$ in the addition of the 10% skim milk or 12% sucrose. However, coaddition of protectants such as 10% skim milk plus 10% glucose or 12% sucrose plus 10% glucose, resulted in much better viability and bioluminescence activity compared with the effect of single addition of each protectant. In addition, it was shown that the freeze-dried cells maintained almost intact bioluminescent activities and cell viability for at least 1 week after freeze-drying. This work demonstrated that the properly freeze-dried recombinant bacterial cells could be utilized as a whole-cell biosensor for simple and rapid monitoring of BTEX in the environment.