• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.361-375
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• 2003

In this study, significant factors influencing on the quality and stability of fermented sausage, such as materials, processing conditions, and microbiological characteristics as well as topography during ripening, were documented. Since most fermented sausages are not heated during manufacture or before consumption, a strict control of the growth of pathogens and the selection of favourable conditions that encourage the specific growth and development of desirable microflora are particularly important. With respect to microbiological safety, hurdles, i.e., preservations(nitrite), redox potential, competitive flora, acidity(pH), and water activity($a_{w}$) are matters of importance to prevent proliferation of bacterial pathogens. Today, for ensuring the safety and quality of the final product, the application of starter cultures in combination with the proper processing is subsequently used in practice. For improving the efficiency of microbiological utility in the production of fermented sausages, the understanding of their topography is essential. The documented different points must be taken into account when HACCP systems set up for the manufacture of fermented sausages. There are continuous researches concerning desirable improvements to sausage fermentation with health enhancing properties.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2019

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of various protocols and systems for finishing and polishing monolithic zirconia on surface topography, phase transformation, and bacterial adhesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three hundred monolithic zirconia specimens were fabricated and then treated with three finishing and polishing systems (Jota [JO], Meisinger [ME], and Edenta [ED]) using four surface treatment protocols: coarse finishing alone (C); coarse finishing and medium polishing (CM); coarse finishing and fine polishing (CF); and coarse finishing, medium polishing, and fine polishing (CMF). Surface roughness, crystal phase transformation, and bacterial adhesion were evaluated using atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and streptococcal biofilm formation assay, respectively. One-way and two-way analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc tests were used to analyze the results (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. In this study, the surface treatment protocols and systems had significant effects on the resulting roughness. The CMF protocol produced the lowest roughness values, followed by CM and CF. Use of the JO system produced the lowest roughness values and the smallest biofilm mass, while the ME system produced the smallest partial transformation ratio. The ED group exhibited the highest roughness values, biofilm mass, and partial transformation ratio. CONCLUSION. Stepwise surface treatment of monolithic zirconia, combined with careful polishing system selection, is essential to obtaining optimal microstructural and biological surface results.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1326-1335
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• 2021

As part of the cell division method, we proposed a method for segmenting images generated by topography microscopes through deep learning-based feature generation and graph segmentation. Hybrid vector shapes preserve the overall shape and boundary information of cells, so most cell shapes can be captured without any post-processing burden. NIH-3T3 and Hela-S3 cells have satisfactory results in cell description preservation. Compared to other deep learning methods, the proposed cell image segmentation method does not require postprocessing. It is also effective in preserving the overall morphology of cells and has shown better results in terms of cell boundary preservation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.615-630
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• 2002

Various long-term studies have shown that titanium implants as abutments for different types of prostheses have become a predictable adjunct in the treatment of partially or fully edentulous patients. The continuous exposure of dental implants to the oral cavity with all its possible contaminants creates a problem. A lack of attachment, together with or caused by bacterial insult, may lead to peri-implantitis and eventual implant failure. Removal of plaque and calculus deposits from dental titanium implants with procedures and instruments originally made for cleaning natural teeth or roots may cause major alterations of the delicate titanium oxide layer. Therefore, the ultimate goal of a cleaning procedure should be to remove the contaminants and restore the elemental composition of the surface oxide without changing the surface topography and harming the surrounding tissues. Among many chemical and mechanical procedure, air-powder abrasive have been known to be most effective for cleaning and detoxification of implant surface. Most of published studies show that the dental laser may be useful in the treatment of pen-implantitis. $CO_2$ laser and Soft Diode laser were reported to kill bacteria of implant surface. The purpose of this study was to obtain clinical guide by application these laser to implant surface by means of Non-contact Surface profilometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) with respect to surface roughness and atomic composition. Experimental rough pure titanium cylinder models were fabricated. All of them was air-powder abraded for 1 minute and they were named control group. And then, the $CO_2$ laser treatment under dry, hydrogen peroxide and wet condition or the Soft Diode laser treatment under Toluidine blue O solution condition was performed on the each of the control models. The results were as follows: 1. Mean Surface roughness(Ra) of all experimental group was decreased than that of control group. But it wasn't statistically significant. 2. XPS analysis showed that in the all experimental group, titanium level were decreased, when compared with control group. 3. XPS analysis showed that the level of oxygen in the experimental group 1, 3($CO_2$ laser treatment under dry and wet condition) and 4(Soft Diode laser was used under toluidine blue O solution) were decreased, when compared with control group. 4. XPS analysis showed that the atomic composition of experimental group 2($CO_2$ laser treatment under hydrogen peroxide) was to be closest to that of control group than the other experimental group. From the result of this study, this may be concluded. Following air-powder abrasive treatment, the $CO_2$ laser in safe d-pulse mode and the Soft Diode laser used with photosensitizer would not change rough titanium surface roughness. Especially, $CO_2$ laser treatment under hydrogen peroxide gave the best results from elemental points of view, and can be used safely to treat peri-implantitis.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.193-203
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• 2014

Natural Monument is a designated cultural property as part of the country. According to Article 2 of the Cultural Properties Protection Act, a national, ethnic and global heritage artificially or naturally formed, with a great historical, artistic, scientific and landscape significance is defined as a cultural heritage. Animals, plants, topography, geology, minerals, caves, biological products and special natural phenomena, having a great of historic, scenic and scientific value, are defined as the monument. According to Article 3 of Cultural Properties Protection Act, the conservation, management and utilization of National Heritage should be kept intact in its original form. So, Natural monuments are managing as retained its original form under the Basic Principles of current law. The highest population of coniferous tree in natural monument plant is ginkgo tree including 22 objects, followed by pines, junipers that order. And in case of broadleaf tree, there are zelkova trees, retusa fringe trees, pagoda trees, cork oaks, silver magnolias and etc. There are many of reported efficacy in available natural monument plants. The efficacy of plant species on pharmaceutical like anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, antioxidant activity, neuroprotective, improves cholesterol, anti-inflammatory, liver protection and anti-bacterial efficacy, on cosmetics and beauty like the inhibiting formation of skin wrinkles, whitening effect, variety of materials and the efficacy of the proposed utilization of its various papers and etc have been widely reported. Before the Nagoya Protocol enters into force, the future role of the National Research Institute for Cultural Properties Administration of Cultural Heritage should be obtain a legal right to manage the social, cultural and national natural monument with emotional value to the plant genetic resource as a natural monument efficient ways to study and preserve traditional knowledge biological resources by securing a claim to the sovereignty of the material will be ready.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.131-143
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• 1994

구강내 노출된 임프란트를 건강한 상태로 유지하기 위해서는 임프란트 매식체 표면을 처치하여 주위조직과 잘 적합할 수 있는 표면구조를 만들어 주어야 한다. 실패한 임프란트의 처리방법으로 구연산이나 air-abrasive system과 같은 여러 가지 방법이 소개 되었으나 HA 피막 처치된 임프란트와 같은 거친 표면이 구강내로 노출된 경우에는 구연산이나 air-abrasive system을 이용한 표면 처리방법을 세균독소 제거에는 효과적이나 HA 피막 처리된 매식체의 거친 표면 제거는 어렵기 때문에 계속되는 치태침착을 방지하기에는 효과적이지 못하므로 세균독소를 제거하는 한편 표면성상을 변화시키지 않고 평활한 표면을 만들기 위한 처리방법들을 알아보고자 하였다. IMZ사에서 제작한 HA 피막 처리된 disc에 high speed diamond bur, low speed diamond bur, stone bur, rubber point, jetpolisher를 처치하고 표면평활도를 알아보기 위하여 표면조도측정 및 주사전자현미경으로 표면상태를 관찰하고 표면성분 변화 유무를 알아보기 위하여 EDX를 이용하여 표면성분을 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 각 시편에 대한 표면조도 측정 결과는 실험 I군 $2.11{\mu}m$, 실험 II군 $4.17{\mu}m$, 실험 III군 $7.28{\mu}m$, 실험 IV군 $8.61{\mu}m$, 실험 V군 $39.44{\mu}m$의 최대높이값을 나타내므로써, I, II, III, IV, V군 순으로 표면이 평활하게 나타났다. 주사전자현미경 관찰에서는 실험 I군은 비교적 평활한 면을 보였고, 실험 II군은 HA 입자가 거의 삭제되었으나 잔존하는 일부의 HA 입자로 인하여 I군보다 약간 거친 표면을 보였다. 실험 III군과 IV군은 삭제되지 않고 잔존하는 HA 입자가 많아 거친 양상을 보였으며 실험 V군인 HA 피막 처리된 면의 경우는 깊은 홈과 돌출된 부분을 가진 매우 불규칙한 표면 구조를 보였다. 시편의 단면 관찰에서는 실험 I군은 균일한 면을 보였으며 실험 III군과 IV군에서는 삭제되지 않고 잔존하는 다량의 HA 입자로 인해 거친 표면을 보였으나 HA 피막의 두께는 상당량 감소되어 나타났다. 또한 실험 II군과 I군과 유사한 양상을 보였다. 실험 V군의 경우는 일정하지는 않지만 약 $40{\mu}m$의 두께를 보였다. EDX에 의한 표면성분 분석 결과, 삭제가 가장 우수한 실험 II군에서는 calcium과 phosphorus가 소량 나타났고, 삭제가 완전하지 않은 실험 III, IV군에서는 calcium peak와 phosphorus peak를 보였다. 모든 군에 나타난 aluminum은 제조과정 중의 혼입으로 사료된다. 모든 실험군에서 titanium, aluminum, calcium, phosphorus 이외의 다른 성분은 나타나지 않았다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.493-506
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• 1993

실패한 임프란트를 구강내에 유지하기 위하여는 임프란트 매식체의 표면을 처치하여 세균독소를 제거하구 주위의 연, 경조직에 적합한 표면 구조를 만들어 주어야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 임프란트 매식체 표면을 high speed diamond bur, low speed diamond bur, stone, rubber point, Jetpolisher로 처치하여 가장 평활한 표면을 만들 수 있는 방법을 알아 보았다. 조도측정기를 이용하여 표면의 최대높이값을 측정한 결과 high speed diamond bur, rubber point, Jetpolisher를 사용한 시편의 최대높이값의 평균은 $7.77{\mu}m$였고, low speed diamond bur, rubber point, Jetpolisher를 사용한 경우에는 $8.44{\mu}m$를 보였다. Stone, rubber point, Jetpolisher를 사용한 경우 $6.24{\mu}m$로 가장 평활한 표면을 보였다. 이러한 수치들은 제거하지 않은 TPS(titanium plasma sprayed)면의 $24.43{\mu}m$에 비하여는 낮은 수치를 보였다. 주사전자현미경으로 관찰 하였을 때 high speed diamond bur, rubber point, Jetpolisher를 사용한 군에서는 TPS 입자들이 부분적으로 남아있었으나 이 입자들은 그 높이가 원래의 TPS에 비하여는 상당히 감소되어 있었다. Low speed diamond bur, rubber point, Jetpolisher를 사용한 시편에서는 전 표면에 걸쳐 TPS가 남아있는 거친 표면 구조를 보였다. Stone, rubber point, Jetpolisher를 사용한 시편은 대부분의 TPS가 제거되어 titanium이 노출되어 있었고, titanium 금속에 stone에 의한 흠들이 보였으나 일부분에서는 TPS가 남아있어 제조회사에서 만들어진 평활한 표면에 비해서는 거친 양상을 보였다.