• 제목/요약/키워드: backing layer

검색결과 34건 처리시간 0.026초

PRO 분리막 및 모듈성능에 지지체가 미치는 영향 (The effect of backing layer for pro membranes and modules)

  • 한만재;전은주;심연주;이종화
    • 상하수도학회지
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    • 제30권5호
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    • pp.553-559
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    • 2016
  • There has been increasing global interest in the environmental pollution problems produced by fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. In order to tackle these issues, new renewable energy such as solar, wind, bio gas, fuel cell and pressure retarded osmosis(PRO) have been developed extensively. Among these energy sources, PRO is one of the salinity gradient power generation methods. In PRO, energy is obtained by the osmotic pressure generated from the concentration difference between high and low concentration solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane. The development for high power density PRO membranes is imperative with the purpose of commercialization. This study investigates development of thin film composite PRO membrane and spiral wound module for high power density. Also, the influence of membrane backing layer on power density was identified, and the characteristic factors of PRO membranes was determined. Different backing layers were used to improve power density. As expected, the PRO membrane with more porous backing layer showed higher power density.

Comparison of Electrode Backing Materials for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

  • Sasikumar, G.;Ryu, H.
    • 전기화학회지
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.183-186
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    • 2003
  • In a PEM fuel cell electrode, backing layer has tremendous impact on electrode performance. The backing layer provides structural support for the porous electrode, distributes the reactants to the other layers and acts as a current collector. It has major influence on the water management in a PEM fuel cell. Selection of suitable backing layer material for the fabrication of electrode is thus very important to achieve high performance. In this paper we have compared the performance of PEM fuel cell electrodes fabricated using carbon paper EC-TPI-060T, carbon cloth EC-CCI-060T, (ElectroChem Inc.USA) and Carbon cloth from Textron, USA (CPW 003 grade). Mass transport problem was observed under non-pressurized condition, at high current densities, in the caie of EC-CC1-060T carbon cloth electrode (at $50^{\circ}C$), due to its higher thickness. The performance of carbon paper electrode was higher than EC-CCI-060T carbon cloth electrode. The performance of Textron carbon cloth was comparable to EC-TPI -060T carbon paper.

비파괴검사를 위한 PZT-5A 탐촉자에 관한 연구 (A Study on PZT-5A Probe for Nondestructive Inspection)

  • 황현석
    • E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.119-125
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    • 1997
  • In this study, piezoelectric transducers were designed and manufactured using PZT-5A which had relatively high electromechanical coefficient, nondestructive testing system was developed which was able to inspect automatically using stepping motors, PC-Lab, and PC-Scope. The optimum design conditions for NDT were presented and verified comparing PZT-5A probes with comercial probes. It was proved by simulation and experiments that Epoxy is a good material as matching and backing layers. The envelope was reduced 60% with matching layer and 76% with matching and backing layer. NDT was successfully carried out for aluminum test pieces. Distance error of PZT-5A probe was 2.8%.

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PZT-5A 탐촉자의 특성 분석 (The study on Properties of PZT-5A Probe)

  • 김철수;김상수;송준태;박용관;이종덕
    • 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전기학회 1997년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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    • pp.1427-1429
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    • 1997
  • In this study, piezoelectric transducer were designed and manufactured using PZT-5A which have relatively high electromechanical coefficient. A epoxy is a good material as matching and backing layers. The envelope was reduced 60% as using matching layer and 76% as using matching and backing layer. NDT was successfully carried out for aluminum test pieces. Distance error and resolution of PZT-5A probe were improved as increasing frequency. Envelope was effectively reduced by backing layer but sensitiveness was poor.

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도플러 속도계(DVL)를 위한 광대역 수중 음향 트랜스듀서 (Broad-Band Underwater Acoustic Transducer for Doppler Velocity Log)

  • 윤철호;이영필;고낙용;문용선
    • 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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    • 제19권9호
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    • pp.755-759
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    • 2013
  • A broad-band underwater acoustic transducer that uses thickness vibration mode, derived from a disk type piezoelectric ceramic, has been proposed and designed for DVL (Doppler Velocity Log). Three different types of acoustic transducer were evaluated with respect to the transmitting voltage response, receiving voltage sensitivity and bandwidth of the transducer. The effect of the acoustic impedance matching layer and backing layer is discussed. The results demonstrated that three matching layer with lossy backing layer is the best configuration for underwater transducer. The trial underwater acoustic transducer with three matching layer has a frequency bandwidth of 55%, maximum transmitting voltage response of 200 dB and a maximum receiving voltage sensitivity of -187.3 dB.

세라믹/유리섬유강화복합재 적층판의 고속충돌에 의한 파괴거동 (Fracture Mechanism of Ceramic/Glass-fiber-reinforced-composites Laminate by High Velocity Impact)

  • 정우균;이우일;김희재;권정원;안성훈
    • 한국정밀공학회지
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    • 제23권5호
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    • pp.170-176
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    • 2006
  • Multi-layered laminate made of ceramic/composite have been developed to prevent penetration by high velocity impact. In this study, three-layered plates consisted of 1) cover layer (glass fiber reinforced polymer), 2) $Al_{2}O_{3}$, ceramic plate, and 3) backing plate (glass fiber reinforced polymer) were fabricated with various conditions and tested for their ballistic protection characteristic. The ceramic composite laminates, with thin backing plate, were completely penetrated by armor piercing projectile. The plate with inserted rubber between ceramic and backing plate showed excellent ballistic protection, though completely penetrated by the second shoot.

NEW RESULTS CONCERNING THE INFLUENCE OF HEAT TINGS DURING WELDING ON THE CORROSION RESISTANCE OF STAINLESS STEELS

  • Wohlfahrt, H.;Pries, H.;Saggau, R.
    • 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
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    • pp.29-37
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    • 2002
  • High alloyed stainless steels stand out for a high corrosion resistance due to a protective passive layer which is formed when the content of chromium exceeds 13%. When welding these steels, heat tints arise in the area of the weldment. They may occur from flint yellow to intensive blue in the spectrum depending on the applied welding process and the quality of the backing gas used. Due to their structures, they partly drastically reduce the corrosion resistance of stainless steels so that they may lead to damages of the technical application of welded components. In the following the pitting resistance by different backing gases and the chemical composition of the stainless steel itself are described.

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비파괴검사를 위한 PZT 5A 탐촉자에 관한 연구 (A Study on PZT-5A Probe for Nondestructive Inspection)

  • 황현석;정규원;이종덕;송준태
    • 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전기전자재료학회 1996년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.245-248
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    • 1996
  • In this study, piezoelectric transducers were designed and manufactured using PZT-5A which had relatively high electromechanical coefficient, NDT system was developed with was able to inspect automatically using stepping motors, PC-Lab, and PC-Scope The optimum design conditions for NDT were presented and verified comparing PZT-5A probes with comercial probes. It was proved with comercial probes. It was proved by simulation and experiments that Epoxy is good as material of matching and backing layers. The envelope was reduced 60% with matching layer and 76% with matching and backing layer. NDT was successfully carried out for aluminum test pieces. Distance error of PZT-5A probe was 2.8%.

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Penetration Mechanisms of Ceramic Composite Armor Made of Alumina/GFRP

  • Jung, Woo-Kyun;Lee, Hee-Sub;Jung, Jae-Won;Ahn, Sung-Hoon;Lee, Woo-Il;Kim, Hee-Jae;Kwon, Jeong-Won
    • International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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    • 제8권4호
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    • pp.38-44
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    • 2007
  • Combat vehicles are frequently maneuvered in battlefields when the lives of combatants are being threatened. These vehicles are important elements that influence the consequences of a battle. Their armor must be lightweight and provide excellent protection to ensure successful operations. Ceramic composite armor has recently been developed by many countries to fulfill these requirements. We reviewed previous research to determine an effective armor design, and then fabricated a composite armor structure using $Al_2O_3$ and glass fiber-reinforced polymer. Specimens were manufactured under controlled conditions using different backing plate thicknesses and bonding methods for the ceramic layer and the backing plate. The penetration of an armor-piercing bullet was evaluated from ballistic protection tests. The bonding method between the ceramic layer and the fiber-reinforced polymer influenced the ballistic protection performance. A bonding layer using rubber provided the best protection.

Analytical polarization curve of DMFC anode

  • Kulikovsky, A.A.
    • Advances in Energy Research
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.35-52
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    • 2013
  • A model for DMFC anode performance is developed. The model takes into account potential--independent methanol adsorption on the catalyst surface, finite rate of proton transport through the anode catalyst layer (ACL), and a potential loss due to methanol transport in the anode backing layer. An approximate analytical half--cell polarization curve is derived and equations for the anode limiting current density are obtained. The polarization curve is fitted to the curves measured by Nordlund and Lindbergh and parameters resulted from the fitting are discussed.