• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.2028-2035
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• 2020

Background: Weakness of the trunk muscles decreases the trunk control ability of stroke patients, which is significantly related to balance and gait. Objectives: To compare the impact of diagonal pattern self-exercise on an unstable surface and a stable surface for trunk rehabilitation on trunk control, balance, and gait ability in stroke patients. Design: Nonequivalent control group design. Methods: Twenty four participants were randomized into the experimental group (diagonal pattern self-exercise while sitting on an unstable surface, n=12) and the control group (diagonal pattern self-exercise while sitting on a stable surface, n=12). All interventions were conducted for 30 minutes, three times a week for four weeks, and the trunk impairment scale (TIS), berg balance scale (BBS), functional gait assessment (FGA), and G-walk were measured. Results: All groups indicated significant increases in all variables (TIS, BBS, FGA, cadence, speed, stride length) after four weeks. The TIS, BBS, FGA, cadence, gait speed, and stride length group-by-time were significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: We found that, in stroke patients, diagonal pattern self-exercise on an unstable surface is a more effective method for improving trunk control, balance, and gait ability than diagonal pattern self-exercise on a stable surface.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.114-124
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• 2023

Dental implants have been utilized for many years to treat individuals with missing teeth. To optimize the long-term success rate of such implants, new designs, surfaces, and materials have been analyzed. It is important for the clinician to have a background in the field of implant surface design, to be familiar with the strengths and limitations of the available options, and to be aware of the alterations in surface structure that may occur following installation. This article provides a detailed review of the structure and the surface characteristics of dental implants, the modifications of implant surface, as well as the methods of evaluating implant surface structure. Moreover, it provides information concerning the structural changes that may take place at the time of dental implant placement. It is important for clinicians to be aware of such changes to plan and execute implant procedures with the highest possible success and implant survival rates.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.995-1004
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• 2011

Object X-ray method commonly used for hole search in overset grids requires huge amount of time due to complicated vector calculations to search the cross-points as well as time-consuming hole search algorithm with respect to background grids. Especially, when the grid system is in motion relative to the background, hole points should be searched at every time step, leading to hung computational burden. To cope with this difficulties, this study presents an efficient hole search algorithm mainly designed to reduce hole searching time. To this end, virtual surface with reduced grid points is suggested and logical operators are employed as a classification algorithm instead of complicated vector calculations. In addition, the searching process is further accelerated by designating hole points in a row rather than discriminating hole points with respect to each background grid points. If there exists a relative motion, the present algorithm requires much less time because only the virtual surface needs to be moved at every time step. The hole searching time has been systematically compared for a few selected geometries.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.57
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• pp.437-466
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• 2014

This paper, is in the focus of the fact that was popular in the Joseon Dynasty, was clearly private background and fashionable aspects of its creation. In Section 2, as the background of the epidemic of of the Joseon Dynasty, and was derived creative situation of . is the "left Order live music" relationship center rather, was that it was created by the Academy belongs is highlighted "Hanlin year". As a result, collapses the relationship between the order raw Korea early left, in conjunction with the boast to debauchery and evaluated surface Shinyoung of successor Geibun of this academy, be epidemic in the Joseon Dynasty it is the could be. In Chapter 3, and two to the original, it was examined the epidemic surface of of the Joseon Dynasty. The epidemic of surface, in the conventional research and are relatively detailed, but in this paper, while accommodating the existing research results, of consideration "Hanlim feast" has led to Geibun of Korea "immune new Feast" was observed a trend surface is placed around the fact. As a result, , the Joseon is that it has been singing on the occasion official four-kan and Geibun center, first Nara are exempt new feast bonds back to the four Hall again in Geibun, usually it can be seen that it is spread in the Scholar-official and gisaeng's. Lower limit has been singing can be up to around the late 17th century it has been speculated through the time of Gimumanjun.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.594-610
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• 2023

The horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) has been widely applied to evaluate ground characteristics such as site response and thickness of the soft sedimentary layer on top of the bedrock via dominant frequencies and amplification factors of microtremors. Eight seismic stations were selected to investigate the HVSR results at the surface and at varying depths, and their variations due to wind speeds. These stations are equipped with seismic sensors on the surface and downhole(s) at depths. The borehole data analysis reveals that the geological condition at burial depth influences the HVSR results. Their dominant frequencies indicate the entire thickness of the soft layer, not the thickness to the bottom or top of the soft sedimentary layer from the seismometer burial depth. Analysis of the background noise observed at the surface showed that the resonance frequency estimation varied with wind speed changes. In the studied cases, the background noise observed in the sedimentary layer at depths of 20 to 66 meters yielded stable and consistent resonance frequency estimation regardless of wind speed fluctuations. The results of the seismic sensors buried deeper than 100 meters are unstable. The result indicates that the background noise from the buried seismometer at shallow depths (~0.3 m) under light wind conditions (wind speeds less than 3 m/s) is sufficient to achieve the purpose of the HVSR analysis.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.652-658
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• 2004

In this paper, we report the numerical and experimental solutions of the axi-symmetric flows in the axial plane driven by an impingement of fluid from the bottom wall of a circular cylinder. We managed to visualize successfully the flow pattern shown on the vertical plane through the container axis. The numerical results are shown to compare well with the experimental results for the case of infinity Rossby number. The satisfactory agreement between the two results was possible when in the numerics the free surface was treated as a solid wall so that a no-slip condition was applied on the surface. The numerical solutions reveal that inertial oscillation plays an important role at small Rossby numbers, or at a larger background rotation.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.429-439
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• 2006

vibrational spectrum of molecules on surfaces can be measured with high selectivity and sensitivity using sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG-VS). Selectivity and sensitivity of this non-linear spectroscopy have made it an effective experimental tool in surface research. Surface systems studied with SFG_VS are surveyed, and experimental and theoretical background of SFG-VS is briefly reviewed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.38-44
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• 2004

Theoretical and numerical studies are given to the sink flows within a rotating circular tank driven by the fluid withdrawal from a bottom circular hole. It was found that, when the upper free surface was set with no-slip boundary conditions, the Ekman boundary-layer develops not only above the bottom surface but under the top surface. The sink fluid is coming from the two Ekman layers, and the mass transfer from the bulk, inviscid region is dependent on the rotational speed. It is also remarkable to see that all the fluid gathered along the axis flows in a form of rapidly rotating fluid column haying almost the same diameter as the bottom hole.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.640-645
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• 2003

In this paper, we report the numerical and experimental solutions of the vortical flows driven by an impingement of fluid from the bottom wall of a circular cylinder. We managed to visualize successfully the flow pattern shown on the vertical plane through the container axis. The numerical results are shown to compare well with the experimental results for the case of infinity Rossby number. The satisfactory agreement between the two results was possible when in the numerics the free surface was treated as a solid wall so that a no-slip condition was applied on the surface. The numerical solutions reveal that inertial oscillation plays an important role at small Rossby numbers, or at a large background rotation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

A measuring system is developed to acquire static image from rotary state through CCD camera in back light illumination by synchronizing chopper to workpiece. In image processing of acquired image, lowpass filter is very useful in view of noise removal, and optimum binary image can be made through histogram equalization which is one of the histogram technique to maximize brightness intensity between workpiece and background. After image treatment applying Laplacian operator, surface roughness is calculated by introducing conversion coefficient of pixel which edge is composed of.