• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.149-163
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of application of the draft nutritional standards for school lunches in the Republic of Korea (South Korea) from the supplier perspective. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In November 2018, a pilot operation was conducted at 104 participating schools for 2 weeks each by applying the draft standards A and B. To evaluate the ease and appropriateness of application of the standards, we analyzed the nutritional values and food cost of the school lunches for 2 weeks before and for 4 weeks under the pilot operation. We conducted an online survey of school dietitians or nutrition teachers of the participating schools to evaluate the feasibility of application of the standards in school lunch sites. RESULTS: The proportions of schools of which lunches met the reference values of the school's own nutritional standards were 19.2% for the standards A and 21.2% for the standards B. The food cost of school lunches applying the standards A (KRW 2,880) was significantly lower than that of school lunches applying the standards B (KRW 3,030) or the existing standards (KRW 2,980). As a result of the survey, the mean score for the ease of application was significantly higher for the standards B (2.75) than for the standards A (2.24). The proportions of school dietitians or nutrition teachers reporting no problem in meeting an existing food cost standard were 72.5% for the standards A and 61.8% for the standards B, respectively. The overall appropriateness of application was higher for the standards B, because almost two-thirds (58.8%) of the respondents answered that the standards B were more appropriate than the standards A. CONCLUSION: The standards B were more feasible to apply as nutritional standards for school lunches than the standards A from the supplier perspective.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2011

Objective: The aim of this study is to review the ISO(the International Organization for Standardization) standards recommendations on a human error tolerant control room design. Background: ISO TC(Technical Committee) 159 published a variety of international standards on design of mental and physical work, design of displays and controls, and workstation layout design. A proper edition of these standards can be a good resource for a human error tolerant control center design guidelines. Method: Recommendations of ISO TC 159 standards were grouped into arrangement of control suite, layout of control room, layout and dimensions of workstations, design of displays and controls, environmental design, alarm, automation, management system design, procedure and training. Results: It was found that some standards on the design of supervisory control and data acquisition(SCADA), alarm, automation, layout, workload management, and environment can be used for human error prevention guidelines in the control center design. Conclusion: ISO TC 159 standards were not sufficient to cover all the ergonomics area of control center design. Application: Designers can have technical aids from these ISO standards to improve ergonomic performance of their control center.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.157-171
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• 1994

진공도가 $10^{-11}$ Torr 수준의 초고진공 상태에서 작동되고 실제공간에서 개별원자를 구별할 수 있는 주사형 터널링 현미경을 제작하였다. 주사형 터널링 현미경의 배경 및 작동원리와 제작에 있어서의 제문제점들을 서술하고 흑연결정과 실리콘에 대해서 관찰한 결과를 보고한다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.265-278
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• 2015

Objective:To study the sources of indoor noise, its effects on human health, noise assessment and regulation through the use of standards, and techniques used to reduce noise. Background: Noise significantly affects the living environment, and there are an increasing number of reports of its impacts on human health. Method: We reviewed domestic and foreign data regarding environmental noise, and examined its effects and the standards used to regulate noise levels. Results: We describe the major sources of indoor noise and suggest possible legal standards, as well as recommended criteria for the control of noise. Conclusion: South Korea has higher legal standards of environmental noise than international standards in terms of threshold values. People in Korea are exposed to various sources of noise, and therefore the reduction of noise is urgently required. Application: Depending on the features of indoor spaces, an appropriate degree of indoor noise can be determined and techniques to reduce excess noise are required.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.140-150
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• 2004

It has been recognized that international food standards should be considered for a long time. The Codex Alimentarius programme initiated in the early 1960s has received valuable background documentation from the ICMSF (International Commission on Microbiological Specification for Foods) and also from ISO(the International Organization for Standardization). There has been a considerable move towards international harmonization of standards and methods of analysis. Many foreign countries recommend the guidelines for food microbiological standards quantitatively. To complement microbiological limits and tolerance levels for permissible number of defective samples, allowances should be made for sampling and other variations in laboratory methods. It may be necessary for guidelines of domestic food microbiological standards to be established so that the domestic food standards can be harmonized with foreign food standards. Food safety related microbiological guidelines of ICMSF, EU (European Union), UK (United Kingdom), China (Hong Kong) and Japan were reviewed and shown in examples.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2014

To data, there was no systematic basis for establishing the content and allowed levels of general contamination substances in the Korean groundwater quality standards for non-drinking water. Recently, use of specific procedures for deriving valid groundwater quality standards have become mandatory. This study first investigated the methodology for deriving groundwater quality standards in the European Commission (EC), considering background groundwater quality and domestic and international standards related to water quality. Furthermore, this study investigated the existing specified procedure of standards related to water quality (e.g. surface water, drinking water, and wastewater). Our findings showed that EC and Member States presented the methods for deriving groundwater threshold values for general chemicals. Finally, we have proposed the following procedures of deriving Korean groundwater quality: (1) Selection of groundwater pollutant population, (2) selection and monitoring of priority substances, (3) monitoring, (4) selection of groundwater quality standard candidates, (5) selection of new substances and values for groundwater quality standards.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2023

본 논문에서는 국내 초·중·고 및 대학교 학습공간의 음향 상태에 관해 설명하고 국내 교육시설의 음향 기준 제정의 필요성을 제시하였다. 여러 나라의 학교시설 내 다양한 학습공간에서 요구되는 배경소음, 잔향시간, 그리고 차음 설계의 음향 기준을 이해하기 위해 학교시설 음향설계기준 및 지침을 소개하였다. 국내 초·중·고 및 대학교 학습공간의 음향 상태를 파악하기 위해 현장 측정 결과를 바탕으로 하였으며, 그 결과에서는 공석과 만석 상태의 음향 특성, 배경 소음레벨, 그리고 차음성능을 제시하여 비교하였다. 실제 대학 강의 현장에서 좋은 음성 명료도를 성취하기 위한 음향지표 값도 제시하였다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.128-144
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• 1996

The usage level of pesticides in Korea reached the relatively high extent of 13 kg a.i./ha for arable land, and therefore, establishment of legal standards on pesticide residues in soil environment has been requested. This paper presents relevant information on soil contamination and proposes tentative standards on 20 pesticides in agricultural, urban and forest soils, respectively, as well as needed background data to support the justification of the standards.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.363-370
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• 2012

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze standards of ISO 9001, ISO 14001, KOSHA 18001, GAP and ISO 22000 to make an integrated system and check whether an integrated system can be used at small size companies. Background: There are many certification criteria for quality, safety and health such as ISO 9001, ISO 14001, KOSHA 18001, GAP and ISO 22000. However, these criteria are difficult and complicated to be used at a small size company. Thus. it is not easy for small size companies to obtain certifications using these criteria. But customers and workers of small size companies want the key points of these systems to be implemented. Method: ISO 9001, ISO 14001, KOSHA 18001, GAP and ISO 22000 were analyzed to find the commonality and duplications as well as the importance of the items in these standards. And a survey was conducted to check whether certain aspects of the anticipated integrated system can be implemented at small size companies. Results: Items were classified into categories based upon the importance to food safety, quality, safety, environment, and health. Items which are common among standards were also identified and thus give ideas to make the new standards simpler than the currently available standards. Items which were important but may not be easily implemented at the small size companies were also identified. Conclusion: By considering the fact that the currently used accreditation standards have many similar aspects, these systems can be integrated into one new system which small size companies can use relatively easily.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2016

Audiometric calibration is a prerequisite for securing the reliability of audiometric test results by checking the internal consistency of the relevant instrument. The purpose of this review is to help instrument operators understand the calibration procedure of aural acoustic immittance instrument which is frequently used for objective assessment. By referring to the latest international standards and the national standards relevant to the aural acoustic immittance instrument, the following parameters will be reviewed: 1) introduction of performance characteristics, 2) detailed procedure of the calibration method. According to the newest international and national standards [IEC 60645-5 (2004), ANSI S3.39-1987 (R2012)], the aural acoustic immittance instrument basically includes six components: 1) calibration cavity, 2) acoustic immittance analysis system, 3) probe assembly/unit and signal, 4) pneumatic air-pressure pump system, 5) acoustic reflex activator system and 6) tympanogram and acoustic reflex plotting system, each of these components should meet set standards. The result of behavioral hearing tests is influenced by various complex factors including the examinee's cooperation, background noise of the examination room, measurement method, skill level of the audiologist and calibration status, but the objective hearing tests is more influenced by the calibration status of the instrument than any other factors. The audiologist should take full responsibility for the reliability of the hearing test result, so he/she should carry out the calibration check and adjustments of aural acoustic immittance instrument periodically and maintain the instrument continuously by referring to the newest standards and the manufacturer's instruction manual.