• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.2185-2193
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• 2016

Background: The pathogenesis of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) is influenced by the patient genetic background and environmental factors. Based on prior understanding, these are classified in two major pathways of genetic instability. Microsatellite instability (MSI) and CPG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) are categorized as features of the hypermethylated prototype, and chromosomal instability (CIN) is known to be indicative of the non-hypermethylated category. Secreted frizzled related protein 2 (SFRP2), APC1A in WNT signaling pathway and the DNA repair gene, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), are frequently hypermethylated in colorectal cancer. Detection of methylated DNA as a biomarker by easy and inexpensive methods might improve the quality of life of patients with CRC via early detection of cancer or a precancerous condition. Aim: To evaluate the rate of SFRP2 and MGMT hypermethylation in both polyp tissue and serum of patients in south Iran as compared with matched control normal population corresponding samples. Materials and Methods: Methylation-specific PCR was used to detect hypermethylation in DNA extracted from 48 polypoid tissue samples and 25 healthy individuals. Results: Of total polyp samples, 89.5% had at least one promoter gene hypermethylation. The most frequent methylated locus was SFRP2 followed by MGMT-B (81.2 and 66.6 percent respectively). Serologic detection of hypermethylation was 95% sensitive as compared with polyp tissue. No hypermethylation was detected in normal tissue and serum and its detection in patients with polyps, especially of serrated type, was specific. Conclusions: Serologic investigation for detection of MGMT-B, SFRP2 hypermethylation could facilitate prioritization of high risk patients for colonoscopic polyp detection and excision.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.242-255
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• 2018

Recently, flipped learning has been paid much attention as one of the improvement methods of teaching and learning at university level. Few studies investigated the effects of flipped learning in general physics classes. However, in order to be successfully established and spread new attempts such as flipped learning, it is necessary to investigate in detail the effect of flipped learning and the way it is perceived by students in accordance with other variables such as student's background and characteristic. In this study, we investigated differences in students' perception on the flipped learning and their achievement according to their background and characteristic in flipped-learning-based introductory physics course in which class hours are divided into lecture and group problem solving equally. Students' achievement was more influenced by their readiness before the beginning of the semester than their time consuming for learning during the semester. Students generally had a very positive perception of the new way of flipped-learning-based physics teaching. However, students of insufficient prior learning, or relatively not-hard learner agreed with careful selection of subjects rather than the overall expansion of flipped learning.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.357-365
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• 1995

The use of chlorinated water in swimming pools produces elevated chloroform levels in the water and air of the pools which can cause chloroform body burden of swimming individuals. Present study confirmed the chloroform body burdens from a 40-min swimming and evaluated the decay of chloroform breath concentration after the cessation of a 60-min swimming. Air and water concentrations were measured in the pools. The water and air chloroform concentrations ranged from 18.1 to 25.3 ${mu}g/l$ and from 30.9 to 60.7 ${\mu}g/m3$ for the confirmation study, respectively. The breath level after 40-min swimming was about 64 to 266 folds higher than the corresponding background breath. The breath concentration after the 40-min swimming ranged from 10.5 to 21.3 ${\mu}g/m3$, while that prior to the corresponding swimming ranged from 0.07 to 0.19 ${\mu}g/m3$. In addition, the post-exposure breath level varied with the subjects who swam in the pool on the same visiting day. Breath concentration increased gradually during 60-min swimming, then decreased rapidly within 5 minutes after the cessation of exposure, after that, decreased slowly, and finally approached to a background breath level at 1-2 hr after exposure.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.214-223
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• 2019

This study is a meta-analysis based on results of empirical studies related to work-life balance(WLB), and the relationships between WLB and other variables. In order to achieve this objective, articles published in domestic journals prior to December 2018 were collected. Data was collected using an online database provided by the Korea Educational and Scientific Information Service, and a total of 27 studies and 126 sub data were coded. Data was analyzed using CMA (comprehensive meta-analysis) 3.0 program. Results of this study are as follows. First, the overall mean effect size of WLB was 0.365, indicating a small effect size. Second, the effect sizes of dependent variables influenced by WLB included immersion, innovation, and performance in order. Third, the effect size of organizational focus variables was more than twice as big as that of individual focus variables. Fourth, the negative theoretical background dependent variables of WLB, such as sacrifice, job stress, and turnover showed -0.254 effect size, and the positive theoretical background dependent variables, such as job satisfaction and emotional commitment have mid-size effect (0.576). Fifth, the effect size of independent variables were in the order of work-development balance, work-home balance, and work-leisure balance.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.818-831
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• 2007

Recognizing the importance of abductive inquiry in Earth science, some theoretical approaches that deploy abduction have been researched. And, it is necessary that the abductive inquiry in a geological field excursion as a vivid locale of Earth science inquiry should be researched. We developed a geological field trip based on the abductive learning model, and investigated students' abductive inference, thinking strategies used in those inferences, and the impact of a teacher's pedagogical intervention on students' abductive inference. Results showed that students, during the field excursion, could accomplish abductive inference about rock identification, process of different rock generation, joints generation in metamorpa?ic rocks, and terrains at the field trip area. They also used various thinking strategies in finding appropriate rules to construe the facts observed at outcrops. This means that it is significant for the enhancement of abductive reasoning skills that students experience such inquiries as scientists do. In addition, a teacher's pedagogical interventions didn't ensure the content of students' inference while they helped students perform abductive reasoning and guided their use of specific thinking strategies. Students had found reasoning rules to explain the 01: served facts from their wrong prior knowledge. Therefore, during a geological field excursion, teachers need to provide students with proper background knowledge and information in order that students can reason rues for persuasive abductive inference, and construe the geological features of the field trip area by the establishment of appropriate hypotheses.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

Background and Purpose : This study serves the purpose to present the effective way on back pain therapy for women during their pregnancy by comparing and analyzing the effects influencing on pain index, limits on daily life, and diminution of lumbar curve, when having treated for 6 weeks, dividing into therapy group, applied by decompression therapy on spine without unnecessary effects on the pregnant women and their fetus and the existent general physiotherapy group, applied on diminution of their back pain. Subject & methods : We made impregnate women of 30(25${\sim}$34years), as the subject of this study, who understood, and agreed with, this study, among pregnant women who were diagnosed as back pain. Pain intensity, limit index on daily life, and lumbar curve test, prior to experiment was implemented as paired t－test, comparison of the difference of average by each group before and after experiment was analysed as independent t－test, and statistical examination level was set up as 0.05. Results : The difference of average of pain and limit on daily life between the group, SDTG(spinal decompression therapy group), and the group, GPTG(general physical therapy group), before and after experiment was diminished as much as 44.4% and 16.79% each after completed 6 weeks' experiment, limit on daily life in both groups showed as much as 37.2% and 21.5% each, in the end, they statistically showed conspicuous difference(p<.05). Comparison of lumbar curves between both groups, SDTG and GPTG, before and after experiment, were diminished from -23.13${\pm}$4.85 to -15.66${\pm}$3.71, and there was no remarkable difference(p<.05). Conclusion : As, in this study, decompression therapy is more effective than general physical therapy with pregnancy low back pain in pain, limitation of daily life, lumbar curve.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.326-333
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• 2014

Background: Nefopam is a centrally acting non-opioid analgesic agent. Its analgesic properties may be related to the inhibitions of monoamine reuptake and the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. The antinociceptive effect of nefopam has been shown in animal models of acute and chronic pain and in humans. However, the effect of nefopam on diabetic neuropathic pain is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the preventive effect of nefopam on diabetic neuropathic pain induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in rats. Methods: Pretreatment with nefopam (30 mg/kg) was performed intraperitoneally 30 min prior to an intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg). Mechanical and cold allodynia were tested before, and 1 to 4 weeks after drug administration. Thermal hyperalgesia was also investigated. In addition, the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and TRP melastatin 8 (TRPM8) expression levels in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) were evaluated. Results: Pretreatment with nefopam significantly inhibited STZ-induced mechanical and cold allodynia, but not thermal hyperalgesia. The STZ injection increased TRPM8, but not TRPA1, expression levels in DRG neurons. Pretreatment with nefopam decreased STZ-induced TRPM8 expression levels in the DRG. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that a nefopam pretreatment has strong antiallodynic effects on STZ-induced diabetic rats, which may be associated with TRPM8 located in the DRG.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

Background: Many studies regarding task-oriented training have recently demonstrated functional improvement in patients with post-stroke hemiparesis. The task-oriented approach is very diverse, and chronic stroke patients must have access to a sustained systematic treatment program to enhance their walking ability. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of the task-oriented circuit training and treadmill training on walking function and quality of life in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: Fourteen patients with chronic stroke volunteered for this study. The subjects were randomly divided into a task-oriented circuit training group and a treadmill training group with 7 patients in each. Each training regimen was performed for 30 min a day and 3 days a week for 4 weeks. Assessment tools included the Timed Up-and-Go Test (TUGT), 10-m Walk Test, 6-min Walk Test (6MWT), and the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS). Results: The change in results of the TUGT, 6MWT, and SIS measured prior to and following the training regimens appeared to be significantly different between the two groups (p<.05). In addition, after the intervention, significant differences were found for all parameters in the task-oriented circuit training group and for the TUGT, 6MWT, and SIS in the treadmill training group (p<.05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that task-related circuit training and treadmill training may be helpful to improve walking function and quality of life of patients with post-stroke hemiparesis. Additionally, a task-related circuit training program may achieve more favorable outcomes than a treadmill program.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.15.1-15.10
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• 2014

Background: Morphologically classifying embryos is important for numerous laboratory techniques, which range from basic methods to methods for assisted reproduction. However, the standard method currently used for classification is subjective and depends on an embryologist's prior training. Thus, our work was aimed at developing software to classify morphological quality for blastocysts based on digital images. Methods: The developed methodology is suitable for the assistance of the embryologist on the task of analyzing blastocysts. The software uses artificial neural network techniques as a machine learning technique. These networks analyze both visual variables extracted from an image and biological features for an embryo. Results: After the training process the final accuracy of the system using this method was 95%. To aid the end-users in operating this system, we developed a graphical user interface that can be used to produce a quality assessment based on a previously trained artificial neural network. Conclusions: This process has a high potential for applicability because it can be adapted to additional species with greater economic appeal (human beings and cattle). Based on an objective assessment (without personal bias from the embryologist) and with high reproducibility between samples or different clinics and laboratories, this method will facilitate such classification in the future as an alternative practice for assessing embryo morphologies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.2621-2626
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• 2013

Background: To review the peer reviewed literature on the psychological aspects of the prostate cancer experience of men in Asia. Materials and Methods: Medline and PsycINFO, CINAHL, ProQuest, and Web of Science (1999 - November Week 4, 2012) were searched. Inclusion criteria were: included men with prostate cancer and/or their partners or caregivers who identify as Asian recruited in an Asian country; and assessed health-related quality of life, psychological and social adjustment relating to prostate cancer and published in English after $1^{st}$ January 1999 and prior to $30^{th}$ November, 2012. Study aims; design; quality; level of evidence, and key results were assessed. Results: 43 articles met all inclusion criteria and were retained for initial review. Of these most focussed on health-related QOL with only five evidence Level IV studies from Japan and Taiwan including a specific psychological focus. Of these, one was a cross-sectional case control study; three were cross-sectional descriptive quantitative designs; one was a cross-sectional descriptive qualitative study. From the data available, a substantive sub group of men with prostate cancer (approximately one third) in these countries experience clinically high psychological distress and decision regret. Conclusions: Research on the psychological needs of men with the increasingly prevalent condition of prostate cancer in Asian countries is scant with only a small number of low level evidence descriptive studies identified. Future research to underpin the development and evaluation of effective and culturally relevant psychological and supportive care interventions for such men is urgently needed.