• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.969-980
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• 2020

This study examines the acceptance factors, barriers, benefits, and strategies for resolving Information and Communication Technology (ICT) adoption and usage problems based on the different demographic characteristics of SMEs. The demographic characteristics investigated are gender, educational qualifications, age, managerial status, and years of business experience. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to examine a more comprehensive demographic characteristics in the context of ICT adoption. A survey using self-administered questionnaires was conducted to retrieve information from SME owners/managers in Pekalongan, the local city of Indonesia. The items in the questionnaire were discussed with various experts in the field and a pilot study was conducted prior to the distribution of the research instrument. The study made some interesting findings. No significant differences were found in the SMEs' adoption factors between the demographics of gender groups and educational qualifications. However, significant disparities were found to exist among the age compositions, managerial status, and years in business. Additionally, younger managers/owners of SMEs find it easier to understand the background factors of ICT adoption. Lastly, older managers/owners are more likely to stick to the organizational status quo, be less able to learn new technology, and more likely to avoid risky decisions.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.797-810
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• 2019

Image saliency detection is the basis of perceptual image processing, which is significant to subsequent image processing methods. Most saliency detection methods can detect only a single object with a high-contrast background, but they have no effect on the extraction of a salient object from images with complex low-contrast backgrounds. With the prior knowledge, this paper proposes a method for detecting salient objects by combining the boundary contrast map and the geodesics-like maps. This method can highlight the foreground uniformly and extract the salient objects efficiently in images with low-contrast backgrounds. The classical receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve, which compares the salient map with the ground truth map, does not reflect the human perception. An ROC curve with distance (distance receiver operating characteristic, DROC) is proposed in this paper, which takes the ROC curve closer to the human subjective perception. Experiments on three benchmark datasets and three low-contrast image datasets, with four evaluation methods including DROC, show that on comparing the eight state-of-the-art approaches, the proposed approach performs well.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.429-432
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• 2000

The new MPEG-4 video coding standard enables content-based functionalities. In order to support the philosophy of the MPEG-4 visual standard, each frame of video sequences should be represented in terms of video object planes (VOP’s). In other words, video objects to be encoded in still pictures or video sequences should be prepared before the encoding process starts. Therefore, it requires a prior decomposition of sequences into VOP’s so that each VOP represents a moving object. A parallel processing system is required an automatic segmentation to be processed in real-time, because an automatic segmentation is time consuming. This paper addresses the parallel processing: system for an automatic segmentation for separating moving object from the background in image sequences. The proposed parallel processing system comprises of processing elements (PE’s) and a multi-access memory system (MAMS). Multi-access memory system is a memory controller to perform parallel memory access with the variety of types: horizontal, vertical, and block access way. In order to realize these ways, a multi-access memory system consists of a memory module selection module, data routing modules, and an address calculation and routing module. The proposed system is simulated and evaluated by the CADENCE Verilog-XL hardware simulation package.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.533-540
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• 2012

Objective: This paper targets a framework of a hand gesture based interface design. Background: While a modeling of contact-based interfaces has focused on users' ergonomic interface designs and real-time technologies, an implementation of a contactless interface needs error-free classifications as an essential prior condition. These trends made many research studies concentrate on the designs of feature vectors, learning models and their tests. Even though there have been remarkable advances in this field, the ignorance of ergonomics and users' cognitions result in several problems including a user's uneasy behaviors. Method: In order to incorporate compatibilities considering users' comfortable behaviors and device's classification abilities simultaneously, classification-oriented gestures are extracted using the suggested human-hand model and closed-loop classification procedures. Out of the extracted gestures, the compatibility-oriented gestures are acquired though human's ergonomic and cognitive experiments. Then, the obtained hand gestures are converted into a series of hand behaviors - Handycon - which is mapped into several functions in a mobile device. Results: This Handycon model guarantees users' easy behavior and helps fast understandings as well as the high classification rate. Conclusion and Application: The suggested framework contributes to develop a hand gesture-based contactless interface model considering compatibilities between human and device. The suggested procedures can be applied effectively into other contactless interface designs.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.443-448
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• 2013

Objective: Purposes of this study are selecting main factors in evaluating the usability of mobile navigation and comprehending mutual importance among the factors. Background: Mobile navigation services have been more diffused than ever as the number of smartphone users sharply increased. However users are having trouble with the usage of mobile navigation services due to the lack of research in the area. Method: In order to attain results, general research on mobile navigation, 1st general survey, and 2nd comparative survey on navigation UI experts were performed. Empirical studies about the results were performed using AHP method. Results: As the result of AHP analysis, accuracy was drawn out to be the most important factor followed by accessibility and visibility. Regarding the characteristics of navigation system, the provision of accurate POI(Point of Interest) was considered to be the most important factor for the experts. And effectiveness was considered to be the most important, followed by satisfaction and efficiency. Conclusion: When evaluating the usability of mobile navigation, prior factors such as accuracy, visibility, and aesthetics should be considered in advance and general evaluation concentrated on effectiveness must be performed. Application: The results of this study are expected to be a fundamental data to mobile navigation design.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.45-63
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• 1999

Today, information society is affected by new technologies including Electronic Commerce(EC), Electronic Data Interchange(EDI), Commerce At Light Speed(CALS ), multimedia and teleconferencing. Electronic Commerce is believed to be a field that will bring about a huge revolution of human life in the 21st century and thus its industry will give greatly influential effect on other industries In this paper, we have surveyed and studied through the internet and related materials for the development of framework of Electronic Commerce. It is required that we need the leading role of our government for the earlier activation of Electronic Commerce usage and have to establish the solid background of EC technology creation of our nation's originality and to activate the venture industry oriented for idea and technology rather than the industries in the form of larger enterprises. In conclusion, we have to expand our own ability of research and development to keep the continuous growth of our Electronic Commerce market and industries through the development of new product and prior acquisition of market as well as to expand the path of various technology aquisition by the strategic M&A and capital investment with the leading foreign enterprises.

• Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 2016

Background Craniosynostosis management using distraction osteogensis represent a challenge for surgeons due to the great variability of the skull deformity even within the same etiology. The ability to apply the simulation surgery for improving the preoperative planning for distraction osteogensis could improve the results.Planning and Simulation 14 patients presented with craniosynostosis had been subjected to simulation surgery prior to real surgery. 3D CT scans was obtained upon patient admission. Adjustment of all skull position to Frankfort horizontal plane was done. 3 different distraction osteogensis plans were done for each patient according to the skull morphology. For each plane, movement for each bone segment was done according to the pre-planned distraction vectors. Also the distances of distractions were pre-determined according to the cephalic index as well as brain volume. Intraoperatively, we choose the most appropriate plan for the patient by the surgeon. At the end of distraction, 3D CT scan was obtained, and was compared to the simulation plan. Also the distance and the direction of distraction was compared to that of the plan. Accordingly, the distance was almost matching that of the simulation surgery, however the vector of distraction was not matched.Conclusion Preoperative stimulation planning for craniosynostosis patient is very valuable tool in the surgical management of craniosynostosis patients.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2008

In this paper, an extraction method of objects of interest in the color images is proposed. It is possible to extract objects of interest from a complex background without any prior-knowledge based on the proposed method. For object extraction, Gator images that contain information of object location, are created by using Gator filter. Based on the images the initial location of attention windows is determined, from which image features are selected to extract objects. To extract object, I modify the previous method partially and apply the modified method. To evaluate the performance of propsed method, precision, recall and F-measure are calculated between the extraction results from propsed method and manually extracted results. I verify the performance of the proposed methods based on these accuracies. Also through comparison of the results with the existing method, I verily the superiority of the proposed method over the existing method.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.887-900
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• 2010

This study aimed to identify some tendencies when college students got to making a decision on socioscientific issues. The guiding research questions were as follows. First, what are college students' tendencies in terms of their moral reactions and attitudes toward SSI when they get to making a decision? And second, how do their own circumstances, personalities, and values play a role in shaping their stance on SSI? Data was collected by individual interviews with thirty college students. The results indicated that most participants immediately brought in their own values, worldviews, and feelings in implicit or explicit ways when talking about SSI. Their reactions were influenced by their backgrounds such as religion, and family background, personality, past experiences, personal interests, and prior knowledge. In addition, the responses of the participants presented some tendencies in their decision-making process. The tendencies can be categorized into 1) bringing in personal values without further engagement, 2) being confused with incompatible values, 3) being overwhelmed by too many aspects to consider, and 4) trying to be detached from the issues.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.37-58
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• 2006

The paper describes a study about effects of upstream hills on design wind loads using two mathematical approaches: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Artificial Neural Network (NN for short). For this purpose CFD and NN tools have been developed using an object-oriented approach and C++ programming language. The CFD tool consists of solving the Reynolds time-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model using body-fitted nearly-orthogonal coordinate system. Subsequently, design wind load parameters such as speed-up ratio values have been generated for a wide spectrum of two-dimensional hill geometries that includes isolated and multiple steep and shallow hills. Ground roughness effect has also been considered. Such CFD solutions, however, normally require among other things ample computational time, background knowledge and high-capacity hardware. To assist the enduser, an easier, faster and more inexpensive NN model trained with the CFD-generated data is proposed in this paper. Prior to using the CFD data for training purposes, extensive validation work has been carried out by comparing with boundary layer wind tunnel (BLWT) data. The CFD trained NN (CFD-NN) has produced speed-up ratio values for cases such as multiple hills that are not covered by wind design standards such as the Commentaries of the National Building Code of Canada (1995). The CFD-NN results compare well with BLWT data available in literature and the proposed approach requires fewer resources compared to running BLWT experiments.