• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.269-286
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• 2018

쉴드 TBM 공사에서 뒤채움압은 지표 침하는 물론 주변 지하 구조물의 안정성에 영향을 미친다. 따라서 설계단계에서 뒤채움압을 미리 산정하는 것은 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 전 세계적으로 제시되어 있는 7가지 뒤채움압 산정 이론을 고찰하고 비교하였다. 6가지의 가상 지반조건을 가정하여, 그에 따른 뒤채움압을 산정하고 분석하였다. 그 결과, 토피고가 증가함에 따라 산정되는 뒤채움압이 증가하나 그 증가율은 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 산정된 뒤채움압이 지표 및 천단침하에 어떻게 영향을 미치는 지를 파악하기 위하여 수치해석을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 불포화 지반조건 및 포화 지반조건 모두에서 동일하게 지표 및 천단 침하는 뒤채움압 보다는 막장압에 더욱 영향을 받는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 토피고가 증가할수록 뒤채움압의 영향이 감소하고, 적용 막장압이 감소함에 따라 뒤채움압의 영향이 증가함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.661-666
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• 2005

In this Paper, to calculate vertical earth pressure affected from several factors in case of rigid buried pipe with cohesionless backfill soil. The result from PENTAGON 3D is compared with several equation's result such as the Janssen, Marston, Spangler, Handy's equation. Result of study shows that vertical earth pressure of each equation is affected by backfill width, backfill depth and wall friction. And vertical earth pressure is linearly increased with backfill depth and backfill width. Marston's equation and Handy's equation are overestimated and FEM(Finite Element method) analysis and Janssen's Silo equation are affected by more backfill depth than backfill width.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.261-277
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• 1999

고랑형태로 좁게 굴착된 되메움 공간에 대한 수평 및 연직 토압은 굴착면과 되메움 흙과의 벽면마찰 및 고랑식 되메움공간의 형상에 따라 그 영향을 받는다. 본 연구에서는 대칭수직 굴착면에 대한 Handy의 제안식 및 대칭경사굴착면에 대한 Kellogg의 식을 수정하여 비대칭 굴착형상의 되메움 공간에 대한 수정식과 최소주응력아치 형태를 나타내어 보였다. 수정된 식은 모형토조 실험결과와 비교하였을 때 되메움 토압의 크기, 분포 등 그 경향이 매우 유사하였으며 비대칭으로 경사진 공간에서의 되메움 토압이 대칭적으로 수직하게 굴착된 공간에서의 토압보다 2배 이상의 큰 크기와 현저한 아칭현상의 저하를 보였다. 본 연구와 유사한 현장의 구조물에 미치는 토압을 산정할 때 되메움 공간의 형상 및 크기 등을 고려한 토압산정식이 적용되어져야 할 것으로 확인되었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.89-102
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• 2012

The buffer and backfill are important components of the engineered barrier system in a high-level waste repository, which should be constructed in a hard rock formation at a depth of several hundred meters below the ground surface. The primary function of the buffer and backfill is to seal the underground excavation as a preferred flow path for radionuclide migration from the deposited high-level waste. This study investigates the hydraulic conductivity and swelling pressure of Kyungju Ca-bentonite, which is the candidate material for the buffer and backfill in the Korean reference high-level waste disposal system. The factors that influence the hydraulic conductivity and swelling pressure of the buffer and backfill are analyzed. The factors considered are the dry density, the temperature, the sand content, the salinity and the organic carbon content. The possibility of deterioration in the sealing performance of the buffer and backfill is also assessed.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2010

In this paper, a total stress analysis method for gravity quay walls is suggested. The method can evaluate the displacement of the quay walls considering the effect of excess pore pressure developed in backfill soils. This method changes the stiffness of backfill soils according to the expected magnitude of the excess pore pressure. For practical application, evaluation methods are suggested for determining the excess pore pressure ratio developed in the backfill soils and the backfill stiffness that corresponds to the excess pore pressure ratio. This method is important in practical applications because the displacement of the quay walls can be evaluated by using only the basic input properties in the total stress analysis. The applicability of the suggested method was verified by comparing the results of the analysis with the results of 1-g shaking table tests. From the comparison, it was found that the calculated displacements from the suggested method showed good agreement with the measured displacements of the quay walls. It was also found that the excess pore pressure in backfill soils is a governing influence on the dynamic behavior of quay walls.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2006

지진시 중력식 안벽에 작용하는 하중성분은 벽체 관성력, 토압 그리고 수압으로 구성되어 있는데 이러한 하중성분은 배면지반의 밀도, 자갈 뒤채움 등 배면지반 조건에 큰 영향을 받게 된다. 그러므로, 본 연구에서는 배면지반의 다짐정도, 자갈 뒤채움재의 설치여부를 달리한 총 4가지 배면지반 조건에 대한 진동대 실험을 수행한 후, 중력식안벽에 작용하는 벽체 관성력, 수압 그리고 배면토압의 크기와 위상관계를 분석하였다. 그 결과 자갈 뒤채움과 지반 다짐이 과잉간극수압 발생을 억제하는데 효과적이며, 배면 동적작용력의 크기와 위상은 과잉간극수압의 크기에 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 입력가속도 진폭이 0.1g 일때 전체하중에서 관성력, 전면동적수압 그리고 배면 작용력이 차지하는 비율은 각각 $64\%,\;21\%$ 그리고 $16\%$로 나타났으며 과잉간극수압의 크기가 증가함에 따라 전체합력에서 배면작용력이 차지하는 비율이 증가하였다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2000

The purpose of this paper is to recycle coal ash as structural backfill materials from electric power plants. Two million tons of coal ash are produced annually. The laboratory test was executed for the basic compatibility as substitution for structural backfill materials and the optimal mixture ratio(fly ash : bottom ash) was decided. In addition the model test was performed using medium scale earth pressure model with small size earth pressure cells model box data logger and some other apparatuses. Mixed coal ash and excellent backfill materials(coheisonless soil SW) were compared in the view of lateral earth pressure variation depending on wall displacement. The reduction of earth pressure when coal ash was used as a bockfill material was monitored comparing to that of cohesionless soil. the cost and environmental pollutants by treating coal ash can be reduced through developing the recycling technology.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.823-831
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• 2018

The most important issue during shield TBM tunneling in soft ground formations is to appropriately control ground surface settlement. Among various operational conditions in shield TBM tunneling, the face pressure and backfill pressure should be the most important and immediate measure to restrain surface settlement during excavation. In this paper, a 3-D hydro-mechanical coupled FE model is developed to numerically simulate the entire process of shield TBM tunneling, which is verified by comparing with real field measurements of ground surface settlement. The effect of permeability and stiffness of ground formations on tunneling-induced surface settlement was discussed in the parametric study. An increase in the face pressure and backfill pressure does not always lead to a decrease in surface settlement, but there are the critical face pressure and backfill pressure. In addition, considering the relatively low permeability of ground formations, the surface settlement consists of two parts, i.e., immediate settlement and consolidation settlement, which shows a distinct settlement behavior to each other.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.435-440
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• 2000

It is important to pay careful attention to construction backfill for the structural integrity of concrete box culvert. The stability of the surrounding soil is important to the structural performance of most culverts. Good compaction by the dynamic compaction roller with big capacity is as effective as good backfill materials to increase the structural integrity of culvert. However structural distress of the culvert could be occur due to the excessive earth pressure by dynamic compaction load. In this study, 16 box culverts were constructed with various compaction materials and construction methods. Three types of on-site soils such as subbase, subgrade and roadbed materials were used as backfill materials in the test program. Compaction methods were adapted based on the site conditions. In most cases, dynamic compaction rollers with 10 to 16 ton weights were used and vibration speed were applied from 2400 to 2500 rpm for the great compaction energy. Some backfill compactions with good quality soils were carried out to examine the effect of EPS(Expanded Polystyrene) panels with changes of compaction thickness. This paper presents the main results of the research conducted to access the engineering performance of the backfill materials. The characteristics of earth pressures are discussed. It is observed that subgrade and roadbed materials are needed more careful compaction than subbase materials. It is shown that EPS panels are effective to mitigate dynamic lateral earth pressure on the culverts. It is also obtained that the dynamic pressure depends on the soil properties. In addition, the coefficient of dynamic earth pressure (K$\sub$dyn/=ΔP$\sub$H/ ΔP$\sub$V/) during compaction is discussed.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.87-94
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• 2000

This paper concerns the distribution of earth pressures on a cantilever wall with unattached reinforcements in the backfill. This type of walls is different from the existing reinforced earth walls in that unattached reinforcements are placed in the backfill of rigid retaining wall such as gravity wall and cantilever wall, instead of connecting reinforcements to the wall segments. Two large-scale prototype tests have been carried out with a 4m high cantilever wall; one with unreinforced backfill, the other with unattached strips in the backfill. The reinforcing effect of unattached strips are discussed based on the earth pressure distribution measured in two large-scale prototype tests. Also, the comparison between measured and predicted earth pressure on a wall with unattached strips are discussed herein to confirm the validity of analytical prediction.