• 한국의류학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.628-636
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• 1994

One vertical (medianus) and six horizontal (chest, bust, below bust, waist, abdomen and hip) sections of nine healthy pregnant women were examined every month by siliding gauge method during the period from 3rd to loth monthes of pregnancy. In the body changes along the passing months of pregnancy, which were observed by a follow·up measurement, there was little change on the posterior line when viewed using a vertical cross section. On the contrary, there was a great deal of increase on the anterior median line. Particularly, the degree of protrusion was great in the waist and ubilicus area due to pregnancy. At early pregnancy the distance from front to back is much shorter than side to side, however, as pregnancy progressed the front to back distance, on a horizontal cross section, is almost equal to the side to side distance.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.189-201
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• 2000

Mechanical factors in the human body are considered to play a dominant role in low back problems. Various spinal structures. including muscles, act in unison to resist the external load. An estimation of the muscle forces in this structure requires a knowledge of the orientation, location and area of cross-section of the muscles to complete the formulation of a truly three-dimensional mathematical model of the spine. The geometric parameters which are calculated were the line of action, the centroid and physiologic area of cross-section of each muscle as a function of the spinal level. This geometric data were obtained from CT scans of 11 subjects participating in this study.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.199-202
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• 2009

In roll forming process, a sheet metal is continuously progressively formed into a product with required cross-section and longitudinal shape, such as a circular tube with required diameter, wall-thickness and straightness, by passing through a series of forming rolls in arranged in tandem. Tn this process, each pair of forming rolls installed in a forming machine play a particular role in making up the required cross-section and longitudinal shape of the product. In recent years, that process is often applied to the bumper rail in the automotive industries. In this study, a optimal Front Bumper Beam manufacturing technology, model deign and proper roll-pass sequences can be suggested by forming number of roll-pass and bending angle. And also effects of the process parameters on the final shape formed by roll forming defects were evaluated.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.373-381
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• 1996

Draping design system organized by European about 13C has been developed greatly for a long while, but for the purpose of the practical use the Dress form similar to human body has been needed. In order to make three-dimensional effect as fitting Muslin ot the Dress form. the Basic lien has to be established in Muslin and Dress form each. At this time, Shoulder-blade level is indicated from various angles : measure down 10cm from the back neck point, a quarter of the back neck point to the waist lie, the half-way point between neckline and bust line, measure down 41 inches from the back neck line, measure down 3 inches from the top edge of the muslin at center back and cross mark for neck line, and so forth. This study established the Basic line through the two ways of them (B.N.P∼B.L/2, B.N.P∼W.L/4), did tight fitting to the 5 kinds of Dress forms which ar normal type in the drop value(the difference between hip circumference and bust circumference), and acquired Basic Pattern. After the experiment, fitness are throughly investigate by statistical analysis of measurements. As a result, this study finds out that fit is proper when shoulder blade level is situated on a fourth of the back neck point to the waist line and a quarter point between back neck point and waist line, and waist dart is situated on the back center line and princess line.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.76-84
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations between pain intensity, physical impairments, disability, and psychological factors according to the difference in duration of low back pain. This study was a cross-sectional survey of 102 participants with low back pain, divided into two groups equal in number: The first group consisted of patients with acute and subacute low back pain, while the second group consisted of patients suffering from chronic low back pain. The results showed that gender, age, pain intensity, physical impairment, disability and Fear-Avoidance Beliefs (FABs) for work activities were not significantly different between two groups. FABs for physical activities of the first group were significantly more prevalent than in the second group. More than moderate correlations were found between pain intensity, physical impairment, and disability in the first group. Less than moderate correlations were found between pain intensity, physical impairment, disability, FABs, and depression in the second group. These findings suggest that we must consider psychological factors in the treatment of patients with chronic low back pain. Regression analyses revealed that pain intensity and FABs for work activities significantly contributed to the prediction of disability in the first group. Also, pain intensity and FABs for physical activities significantly contributed to the prediction of disability in the second group. Pain intensity was most important predictor of disability in two groups.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2013

The aim of the present study was to compare measurement precisions of the Oswestry Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (ODQ) and a computer adaptive testing (CAT) method. The ODQ has been regarded as one of the most reliable condition-specific measure for back pain for decades. Cross-sectional study was carried out with two independent convenient samples from two out-patient rehabilitation clinics for back pain ($n_1=42$) and non-back pain group ($n_2=42$). Participants were asked to fill out the ODQ and CAT of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Activity Measure (ICF-AM). A series of Rasch analyses were performed to calculate person ability measures. The CAT measures had greater relative precision in discriminating the groups than did the ODQ measure in comparisons of the relative precision. The CAT measure appears to be more effective than did the ODQ measure in terms of measurement precision. By administering test items calibrated in a way, CAT measures using item response theory may promise a means with measurement precision as well as efficiency.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 1995

This paper proposes a modified error function to improve the error back-propagation (EBP) algorithm for multi-Layer perceptrons (MLPs) which suffers from slow learning speed. It can also suppress over-specialization for training patterns that occurs in an algorithm based on a cross-entropy cost function which markedly reduces learning time. In the similar way as the cross-entropy function, our new function accelerates the learning speed of the EBP algorithm by allowing the output node of the MLP to generate a strong error signal when the output node is far from the desired value. Moreover, it prevents the overspecialization of learning for training patterns by letting the output node, whose value is close to the desired value, generate a weak error signal. In a simulation study to classify handwritten digits in the CEDAR [1] database, the proposed method attained 100% correct classification for the training patterns after only 50 sweeps of learning, while the original EBP attained only 98.8% after 500 sweeps. Also, our method shows mean-squared error of 0.627 for the test patterns, which is superior to the error 0.667 in the cross-entropy method. These results demonstrate that our new method excels others in learning speed as well as in generalization.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37권8B호
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• pp.712-721
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 무선 센서 네트워크에서 프로토콜 성능 극대화를 위해서 비동기식 MAC과 라우팅 교차 계층 방식의 향상된 위치 기반 데이터 전송 (Enhanced Geographic Forwarding; EGF) 기법을 제안한다. EGF 기법은 기존의 일반적인 위치 기반 전송 알고리즘과 달리 주기적인 이웃 노드들의 위치 정보 등을 이용하지 않고, 오직 소스와 목적지 노드의 위치 정보와 에너지 비용 정보만을 이용한 최적의 back-off 매핑 메커니즘을 사용하여 데이터를 전송한다. 또한 효율적인 MAC과 라우팅의 교차 계층 방식으로 오버헤드를 최소화하고 데이터 전달 성능을 최적화 하였다. 성능 분석 결과 패킷 전송 성공률, 저전력성 및 데이터 전송 지연에 대해서 향상된 성능을 확인하였다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.102-108
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• 1998

본 연구는 Si 미립자를 함유한 반도체 세정폐수의 평판막을 이용한 한외여과특성을 검토하였다. 평판막의 투과유속은 시간이 경과함에 따라 점차 감소하는 경향을 나타냈으며, 이현상은 막표면에 형성된 케익층의 증가 및 기공막힘에 기인한다. 흐름형태에 따른 투과유속은 cross flow가 dead-end flow의 약 1.4배 높았다. Si 미립자에 의한 막오염을 제거하는데는 역세법이 sweeping법 보다 우수하였다. 막오염으로 인한 투과유속의 감소는 질소가스로 역세척하여 초기투과유속의 약 85% 정도 회복되었다. 평판막을 이용한 cross flow 공정의 용질배제율은 약 90%였으며, 투과수증의 Si 미립자의 크기는 평균 70 nm였다.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2000년도 전력전자학술대회 논문집
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• pp.258-261
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• 2000

A non-contact battery charger which transfers energy using magnetic field has a difficulty with a feed-back control due to the interaction between the power and signal processing This paper proposes an effective method which uses auxiliary windings of transformer as signal path and copes with cross-talk using the MOSFET ringing phenomenon and ceramic filter. The power stage is half-bridge series resonant converter. Design procedure and experimental verification are presented.