• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.981-989
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• 2015

This study aims to investigate how ovulation induction of sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus varies when treated with different hormonal substances such as ovaprim, pimozide, LHRHa, and HCG. As for LHRHa, we injected it in different concentrations: $50{\mu}g/kg$, $100{\mu}g/kg$, $150{\mu}g/kg$, and $200{\mu}g/kg$. All hormonal substances including LHRHa were injected into back muscles. As a result, ovulation occurred in all sample groups. The sample group injected with HCG released the largest amount of eggs, and the dimeter of eggs and oil globules were also significantly bigger than those of others. Fertilization rate, embryonic survival rate, and hatching rate were the highest in a LHRHa ($100{\mu}g/kg$) +pimozide ($1,000{\mu}g/kg$) group and buoyant rate in a LHRHa group. Ovulation rate was 100% when LHRHa was injected in different concentrations. The largest amount of eggs was released in $200{\mu}g/kg$. The diameter of eggs and oil globules were the biggest in $200{\mu}g/kg$ and the smallest in $50{\mu}g/kg$. Fertilization rate showed no significant difference through all different levels of concentration: 94.6-95.3%. Buoyant rate was the highest in $100{\mu}g/kg$ and embryonic survival rate and hatching rate in $150{\mu}g/kg$. Based on these experimental results, we concluded that LHRHa in $100{\mu}g/kg$ is the most efficient for the ovulation induction of sevenband grouper.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to evaluate old and newly designed ammunition boxes from an ergonomic point of view. Background: The ammunition boxes made of wood, which are currently used by the military, have some difficulties such as corrosion and damage of ammunition, environmental pollution, and stock management. Also, damages to the wooden ammunition boxes take place frequently, because soldiers carry them manually. Method: Sixteen participants volunteered to randomly perform lifting, carrying, and side-by-side moving tasks with 4 different old and new boxes, respectively for the ammunitions of 5.56mm, 60mm, 81mm, and 105mm in diameter. The old boxes are made of wood and are currently used in the military, while the new boxes are made of plastics. The joint moments of the elbow, shoulder, back, and knee were measured by using a motion analysis system and force platforms. In addition, an electromyographic system was used to measure the forces of hand and wrist muscles. Results: In most tasks, new boxes caused less joint moments at the elbow and shoulder than old boxes, because the new boxes were lighter and smaller than the old boxes. New boxes also derived less hand and wrist muscle forces due to the provision of fixed hard handles rather than string handles. Conclusion: The ergonomically designed new boxes could reduce the physical stresses of soldiers manually handling ammunitions and be helpful for storage and reuse. Application: This study shows an ergonomic application example for product development and evaluation.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

Manual material handling(MMH)is major factor which causing physical injuries of worker at working area and frequency of low back pain(LBP) is increasing industrial accidents. Especially, working in bad circumstance such as farm, orchard, harbor loading and unloading, logging place and mining place which located in inclined slope can cause much possibility of hazard and absence of working balance can cause injuries of musculoskeletal system such as joint, bone, ligament. So, this study used EMG system to measure and evaluate muscle force information and fatigue of worker when lifting on slope. The result of measuring averaged integrated EMG(AEMG) shows multifidus muscle be used more than anything else in force. neck extensors are used at 15°, 20°frequently. generally the AEMG result shows multifidus muscle be used in force. Commonly, muscle fatigue of multifidus is higher than other muscle by analysis mean power frequency(MPF). The result of load sharing rate shows multifidus and erectorspinae which are deep spinal muscles is relatively high and neck extensor is low.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1897-1902
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• 2019

Background: Tension-type headaches, which make up the highest proportion of headaches, are prone to develop into chronic tension-type headaches (CTTH). The characteristic of CTTH in patients is that the active myofascial trigger point (ATrP) which causes pain in the muscles of the back of the head is increased, compared to the normal headache and moves the head position forward. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of myofascial release (MFR) and posture correction in effectively improving neck function and sleep quality in the symptoms of CTTH patients. Design: Observer-blind study Methods: To reduce ATrP, MFR was applied and exercise was also applied to correct posture. The subjects of this study were 48 individuals randomly divided into three groups; The MFR group using the MFR technique; The MFR with exercise group subject to both the MFR technique and forward head position correction exercises (MFREx), and the control group. MFR and MFREx groups were given the relevant interventions twice a week for four consecutive weeks, and went through the number ATrPs, range of motion (ROM) of neck, Neck Disability Index (NDI) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) before and after the intervention. A physical therapist, who was fully familiar with the measuring methods of the equipment, was the measurer and not aware of the target's condition was blinded to take measurements only before and after intervention. Results: There was a significant improvement in the ATrP, Neck ROM, NDI and PSQI in the group of patients to whom the MFR technique and MFREx were applied. MFREx was more effective in increasing neck mobility. Conclusions: According to this study, the application of MFR is effective in improving neck movement and sleep quality in chronic tension headache patients.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.528-533
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• 2021

Bladder acontractility affects several thousand patients in the United States, but the available therapies are limited. Latissimus dorsi detrusor myoplasty (LDDM) is a therapeutic option that allows patients with bladder acontractility to void voluntarily. Our goal was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to determine whether LDDM is a better option than clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) (standard treatment) in patients with bladder acontractility. On January 17, 2020, we conducted a systematic review of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Clinical Answers, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases, without time frame limitations, to identify articles on the use of LDDM for bladder acontractility. Of 75 potential articles, 4 fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The use of LDDM to treat patients with bladder acontractility was reported in four case series by the same group in Europe. Fifty-eight patients were included, and no comparison groups were included. The most common cause of bladder acontractility was spinal cord injury (n=36). The mean (±standard deviation) operative time was 536 (±22) minutes, postoperative length of hospital stay ranged from 10 to 13 days, and follow-up ranged from 9 to 68 months. Most patients had complete response, were able to void voluntarily, and had post-void residual volume less than 100 mL. Although promising outcomes have been obtained, evidence is still weak regarding whether LDDM is better than CIC to avoid impairment of the urinary tract among patients with bladder acontractility. Further prospective studies with control groups are necessary.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 2019

This study aims to investigate how ovulation induction of red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara varies when treated with different hormonal substances such as ovaprim, pimozide, LHRHa, and HCG. As for LHRHa, we injected it at four different concentrations: 50 ㎍kg^-1, 100 ㎍kg^-1, 150 ㎍kg^-1, and 200 ㎍kg^-1. All hormonal substances including LHRHa were injected into the back muscles. Buoyant, embryonic survival, fertilization, and hatching rate were the highest in LHRHa and LHRHa + pimozide group. When LHRHa was injected at different concentrations, buoyancy and fertilization rate were the highest in 100 ㎍kg^-1 group. Embryonic survival and hatching rate were the highest in 150 ㎍kg^-1. Based on these experimental results, we concluded that LHRHa at the concentration of 100 ㎍kg^-1 is the most efficient for the ovulation induction in this fish species.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2019

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of wearing an ankle weight belt while performing gait in water by focusing on the effect of using ankle weights have on the gait kinematics and the muscle activities for developing optimum training strategies. Method: A total of 10 healthy male university students were recruited for the study. Each participant was instructed to perform 3 gait conditions; normal walking over ground, walking in water chest height, and walking in water chest height while using ankle weights. All walking conditions were set at control speed of $4km/h{\pm}0.05km/h$. The depth of the swimming pool was at 1.3 m, approximately chest height. The motion capture data was recorded using 6 digital cameras and the EMG was recorded using waterproof Mini Wave. From the motion capture data, the following variables were calculated for analysis; double and single support phase (s), swing phase (s), step length (%height), step rate (m/s), ankle, knee, and hip joint angles ($^{\circ}$). From the electromyography the %RVC of the lower limb muscles medial gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, erector spinae, semitendinosus, tibialis anterior, vastus lateralis oblique was calculated. Results: The results show significant differences between the gait time, and step length between the right and left leg. Additionally, the joint angular velocities and gait velocity were significantly affected by the water resistance. As expected, the use of the ankle weights increased all of the lower leg maximum muscle activities except for the lower back muscle. Conclusion: In conclusion, the ankle weights can be shown to stimulate more muscle activity during walking in chest height water and therefore, may be useful for rehabilitation purposes.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 2019

Background In immediate breast reconstruction using an extended latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous (eLDMC) flap, the volume of the flap decreases, which causes a secondary deformity of the breast shape. Since little research has investigated this decrease in muscle volume, the authors conducted an objective study to characterize the decrease in muscle volume after breast reconstruction using an eLDMC flap. Methods Research was conducted from October 2011 to November 2016. The subjects included 23 patients who underwent mastectomy due to breast cancer, received immediate reconstruction using an eLDMC flap without any adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and received a computed tomography (CT) scan from days 7 to 10 after surgery and 6 to 8 months postoperatively. In 10 patients, an additional CT scan was conducted 18 months postoperatively. Axial CT scans were utilized to measure the volumetric change of the latissimus dorsi muscle during the follow-up period. Results In the 23 patients, an average decrease of 54.5% was observed in the latissimus dorsi muscle volume between the images obtained immediately postoperatively and the scans obtained 6 to 8 months after surgery. Ten patients showed an average additional decrease of 11.9% from 6-8 months to 18 months after surgery. Conclusions We studied changes in the volume of the latissimus dorsi muscle after surgery using an eLDMC flap performed after a mastectomy without adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In this study, we found that immediate breast reconstruction using a latissimus dorsi muscle flap led to a decrease in muscle volume of up to 50%.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2021

Background: The hamstring is a muscle that crosses two joints, that is the hip and knee, and its flexibility is an important indicator of physical health in its role in many activities of daily living such as sitting, walking, and running. Limited range of motion (ROM) due to hamstring tightness is strongly related to back pain and malfunction of the hip joint. High-frequency diathermy (HFD) therapy is known to be effective in relaxing the muscle and increasing ROM. Objects: To investigate the effects of HFD on active knee extension ROM and hamstring tone and stiffness in participants with hamstring tightness. Methods: Twenty-four participants with hamstring tightness were recruited, and the operational definition of hamstring tightness in this study was active knee extension ROM of below 160° at 90° hip flexion in the supine position. HFD was applied to the hamstring for 15 minutes using the WINBACK device. All participants were examined before and after the intervention, and the results were analyzed using a paired t-test. The outcome measures included knee extension ROM, the viscoelastic property of the hamstring, and peak torque for passive knee extension. Results: The active knee extension ROM significantly increased from 138.8° ± 9.9° (mean ± standard deviation) to 143.9° ± 10.4° after the intervention (p < 0.05), while viscoelastic property of the hamstring significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Also, the peak torque for knee extension significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Application of HFD for 15 minutes to tight hamstrings immediately improves the active ROM and reduces the tone, stiffness, and elasticity of the muscle. However, further experiments are required to examine the long-term effects of HFD on hamstring tightness including pain reduction, postural improvement around the pelvis and lower extremities, and enhanced functional movement.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.348-353
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• 2020

A 68-year-old man presented with a bed sore with pus discharge on lower back. Radiographs showed extensive destruction of the L4 vertebral body. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed fluid collection with an enhanced wall at the defect of the L4 vertebral body extending into both psoas muscles. The primary diagnosis was neuropathic spondylopathy, but infective spondylitis was not ruled out. Initially, he was treated with antibiotics for two weeks. A follow-up MRI showed no improvement of the abscess, so surgical exploration was done. Charcot spinal arthropathy resulted in extensive vertebral body destruction that may be similar to infectious spondylitis, particularly in the case with fluid accumulation due to rupture of dura.