• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.207-214
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• 1996

Main cause of low back pain is a poor posture. Most low back pains are due to a poor posture. The poor posture induces muscle tension and finaliy low back pain. The poor posture arehabitually trained from the childhood by the environmetal factors. In general, maintaining good posture during working and sleeping hours are the first line of defence against back pam. (1) Supine posture is the easiest posture that relaxes and fixes muscles. Supine posture is thus a starting position for on exercise. Lying down releases the weight pressures of head and shoulder and thus body can be relaxed and extended which are helpful for treating back pain. However, supine posture can increase the pressure in ribcage posture aspect and disphragram due to visceral oragans. (2) Sitting in one position for a long time results in fatigue and relaxation of spinal muscies. Finally, body strength is weakened and sitting posture will become poor. If this poor posture continues for a longer time, pain will be accompanied due to overelongation of muscle ligaments. The habitual poor posture could induce intervertebral disc distortion. If the intervertebral disc is damaged, sitting in one position or movement causes pain. (3) Abnormal lumbar curve induces the tention of abdominal muscle and paravertebral muscle groups as well as tention of lower limb muscle group connected to pelvis. For a person with weak body strength, muscle relaxation increases curvature in lumbar, chest and cervical regions. This will induce a pelvic anterior tilting of the imaginary line between A. S. I. S. and P. S. I. S. Hip joint extensor muscle acts on releasing the pelvic anterior tilting. Contrections of hamstring muscle and femoral muscle recover the imaginary line between A.S.LS. and P.S.I.S. from pelvic anterior tilting. thus, contraction of rectus abdominis muscle are required to maintain the normal lumbar curve.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.9-17
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of transverse abdominal exercise on the change of chronic low back pain and lumbar muscle strength. Method : 18 chronic lumbago patients were transverse abdominal exercise for 3weeks. Result : 1. The strength of the lumbar extensor and flexor of the male subjects was increased significantly after abdominal exercise(p<0.05). 2. The strength of the lumbar extensor and flexor of the female subjects was increased significantly after abdominal exercise(p<0.05). 3. The study can confirm significant relationship between the lumbar muscle strength and lumbar pain before and after the exercise Conclusion : The study of could find the increase of the ability of the lumbar extensor and flexor of both male and female subjects suffering from chronic low back and pain using three-week transverse abdominal exercise. The study confirmed the general decrease of pain after the experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of the resistance levels on the muscle activities around the hip and spine during bridge exercise with hip abduction resistance in patients with chronic back pain. METHODS: A cross-over study design was used. Twenty subjects with low back pain were enrolled in this study. The subjects performed bridge exercises with hip abduction resistances (20 mmHg, 40 mmHg, and 60 mmHg). A Narrow Sling was used to provide resistance. Surface electromyography was used to measure the activity of the erector spinae, biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, and gluteus medius. RESULTS: The muscle activity of the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius increased significantly with increasing resistance levels. There was a significant difference in the muscle activity of the biceps femoris with a resistance level between 20 mmHg and 40 mmHg, but there was no significant difference in the other resistance levels. There was no significant difference according to resistance level in the erector spinae. The muscle activity ratios of the gluteus medius/erector spinae and gluteus maximus/erector spinae increased significantly with increasing resistance strength. CONCLUSION: The different levels of abduction resistance for hip abduction during bridge exercise will help activate the gluteus maximus selectively in patients with chronic back pain.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.683-696
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• 2000

To examine the blood lipids, muscle strength and flexibility at low back, and muscle strength in the knee joint, 44 women, who were diagnosed as chronic low back pain patients and aged between 40 to 50 years old, were recruited as the subjects. The women were divided into two groups: 1) body fat content less than 25% and 2) body fat content more than 30%. The results were: 1) No differences were found between two groups in blood lipids status. 2) The total cholesterol were less 3.78% in the normal group than the obese group. 3) The HDL-cholesterol were higher 4.85% in the normal group than the obese group. 4) The TG were less 13.1% in the normal group than the obese group. 5) No differences were found between two groups in muscle strength and flexibility 6) No differences were found between two groups in the peak torque of knee joint 7) The total work of the knee joints were higher in the normal group than the obese(P<.05). 8) The abdominal strength were higher 34.04% in the normal group than the obese group. 9) The flexibility of low back were higher 44.54% in the normal group than the obese group.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.779-783
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• 1995

The number of the subjects of this study were all sixteen including 8 male and 8 female. They were chronic low back pain patients and treated at hospital out patient. The patients took lumbar extension strength training. The results of examination and analysis isometric lumbar extension muscular strength before and after the training are as follows; 1. TFT increased after lumbar extension muscular strength exercise than before the exercise. Inspire of difference of each angle. The reciprocal action didn't happen between training and angle. 2. NMT increased after lumbar extension muscular strength exercise than the before the exercise and the difference of each angle didn't happen. The reciprocal action also didn't happen between the training and angle. 3. Comparing presented standard point with individual point, 13persons' muscle strength of first step increased, on the other and 3 person's muscle strength a little increased in a same category. 4. The grade of low back pain decreased for all subjects. Concluding this study, lumbar extension muscular strength exercise through isokinetic device decreases the grade of low back pain and increase lumbar extension muscular strength. It is that equal exercise effect happen in full range of motion, for the exercise effect doesn't show the difference of each angle.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.463-471
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of muscle imbalance on motion of back squat. The isokinetic muscle strength of the 8 subjects was recorded for the knee flexion/extension by the cybex 770 dynamometer. Each subject performed 3 back squats with the long barbell with an intensity of 25% body weight(BW), 50%BW, 100%BW, 125%BW. During the back squat through the recorded kinematic data the subjects' maximum flexion and extension knee angle, center of mass displacement and V-COP were calculated for evaluation of the stability of the movement. For the statistical analysis independent t-test was used. Knee flexion angle and COM displacement are dominated by the reciprocal muscle ratio. V-COP factor was dominated by bilateral extension deficit. Based on the results we can know that as the intensity of the squat increased to a level control was difficult because the muscles' imbalance influenced the movement.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.67-75
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to assess the agreement of manual muscle testing (MMT) and test-retest reliability of a hand held dynamometer for the posterior gluteus medius muscle, with and without lumbar stabilization, using a pressure biofeedback unit for patients with low back pain. The pressure biofeedback unit was used to minimize the substitute motion of the lumbopelvic region during hip abduction in patients lying on their side. Fifteen patients with low back pain participated in this study. A tester determined the MMT grades of the posterior gluteus medius with and without the pressure biofeedback unit. Active hip abduction range of motion with an inclinometer and the strength of their posterior gluteus medius using a hand held dynamometer were measured with and without the pressure biofeedback unit in the MMT position. The agreement of the grade of muscle strength in the MMT, and intra-rater reliability of both the active hip abduction range of motion and the strength of posterior gluteus medius were analyzed using the weighted kappa and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. The agreement of MMT with the pressure biofeedback unit (weighted kappa=.92) was higher than the MMT (weighted kappa=.34)(p<.05). The inclinometer with pressure biofeedback unit measurement of the active hip abduction range of motion had an excellent intra-rater reliability (ICC=.90). Also, the hand held dynamometer with pressure biofeedback unit measure of strength of the posterior gluteus medius had a good intra-rater reliability (ICC=.85). Therefore, the test for muscle strength with pressure biofeedback unit will be a reliable method for the determination of the MMT grades or amount of posterior gluteus medius muscle strength and the measurement of the range of motion for hip abduction in patients with low back pain.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.34-39
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to find out the evidence concerning the effectiveness of manual therapy intervention in the treatment of low back pain related to spondylolisthesis Methods : 12men with lumbar pain from L5~S1 spondylolisthesis of 2 or 3 grade were treated during 12-week period. The manual therapy applied twice per week. The results of back and radiating pain were measured by VAS, and abdominal muscle strength was measured by Power track II. The measurement of degree of slip in spondylolisthesis was confirmed by the lateral view of X-ray and took a measurements of the anterior displacement of a vertebral body in relation to the vertebral below. Results : 1. There was significant decrease in the back and radiating pain.(p<0.05) 2. There was significant increase in the abdominal muscle strength.(p<0.05). 3. There was significant decrease in the degree of the anterior displacement. Conclusion: The intervention of manual therapy for lumbar spondylolisthesis is effective in back pain, radiating pain, abdominal muscle strength and degree of the anterior displacement. So, nonsurgical treatment should be attempted before surgical treatment.

• Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.804-813
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• 2018

Objective To elucidate the effect of a 12-week horizontal vibration exercise (HVE) in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients as compared to vertical vibration exercise (VVE). Methods Twenty-eight CLBP patients were randomly assigned to either the HVE or VVE group. All participants performed the exercise for 30 minutes each day, three times a week, for a total of 12 weeks. Altered pain and functional ability were evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), respectively. Changes in lumbar muscle strength, transverse abdominis (TrA) and multifidus muscle thicknesses, and standing balance were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer, ultrasonography, and balance parameters, respectively. These assessments were evaluated prior to treatment, 6 weeks and 12 weeks after the first treatment, and 4 weeks after the end of treatment (that is, 16 weeks after the first treatment). Results According to the repeated-measures analysis of variance, there were significant improvements with time on VAS, ODI, standing balance score, lumbar flexor, and extensor muscle strength (all p<0.001 in both groups) without any significant changes in TrA (p=0.153 in HVE, p=0.561 in VVE group) or multifidus (p=0.737 in HVE, p=0.380 in VVE group) muscle thickness. Further, there were no significant differences between groups according to time in any of the assessments. No adverse events were noticed during treatment in either group. Conclusion HVE is as effective as VVE in reducing pain, strengthening the lumbar muscle, and improving the balance and functional abilities of CLBP patients. Vibrational exercise increases muscle strength without inducing muscle hypertrophy.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.597-604
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• 2014

This research aimed at comparative analysis of body composition and basic physical strength of model majored female college students and general female college students. The research object was composed of 15 model majored female college students of D University, who learned the purpose of this research enough and wrote the consent form of voluntary participation and 15 general female college students, who have no medical history and currently no special disease, and no experience in regular exercise. They underwent body composition inspection, left right grasping power which is the basic physical strength, back muscle strength, flexibility, rapidity, muscle endurance, and the researcher performed descriptive statistics to calculate the average standard deviation, and analyzed to verify difference between groups by using independent t-test. With statistical significance level p<.05, the results are as follows. model majored female college students and general female college students showed meaningful difference between groups in weight, skeletal muscles, body fat volume, BMI and left right grasping power, back muscle strength, rapidity(p<.05). between groups in flexibility and muscle endurance(p>.05).