• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.239-246
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• 2003

This paper proposes engineering estimation equations of elastic-plastic J and COD fur axial through-wall cracked pipes under internal pressure. Based on detailed 3-D FE results based on deformation plasticity, the plastic influence functions for fully plastic J and COD solutions are tabulated as a function of the mean radius-to-thickness ratio, the normalized crack length. and the strain hardening. Based on these results, the GE/EPRI-type J and COD estimation equations are proposed and validated against the 3-D FE results based on deformation plasticity. For more general application to general stress-strain laws or to complex loading, the developed GE/EPRI-type solutions are re-formulated based on the reference stress concept. Such a reformulation provides simpler equations for J and COD, which are then further extended to combined internal pressure and bending. The proposed reference stress based J and COD estimation equations are compared with elastic-plastic 3-D FE results using actual stress-strain data for Type 316 stainless steels. The FE results for both internal pressure cases and combined internal pressure and bending cases compare very well with the proposed J and COD estimations.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.633-645
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• 2015

In order to analyze the mechanical properties of two-way different configurations of prestressed concrete members subjected to axial loading, a finite element model based on the nuclear power plant containments is demonstrated. This model takes into account the influences of different principal stress directions, the uniaxial or biaxial loading, and biaxial loading ratio. The displacement-controlled load is applied to obtain the stress estrain response. The simulated results indicate that the differences of principal stress axes have great effects on the stress-strain response under uniaxial loading. When the specimens are subjected to biaxial loading, the change trend of stress with the increase of loading ratio is obviously different along different layout directions. In addition, correlation experiments and finite element analyses were conducted to verify the validity and reliability of the analysis in this study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.195-203
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• 2008

This paper aims to evaluate the yield stress of SM570TMC concrete-filed H-shape steel columns subjected to axial force. These columns were evaluated and compared using quasi-static tests. The displacements and the axial loads column specimens were measured during the tests, and test results showed that the yield stress of concrete-filed H-shape steel columns subjected to axial load could be predicted using the previously proposed yield stress of steel columns.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 1991

Rice plants are subjected to various forces such as natural force of wind and mechanical force of cultivating machines. Rheological behavior of the rice stem can be expressed in terms of three variables : stress, relaxation and time. The objectives of this study are to examine stress relaxation, creep and recovery characteristics on the rice stem in case of axial and radial loading. Stress relaxation with time was studied on three levels of loading rate and on four levels of applied stress. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The hysterisis losses of the rice stem distinctly observed at the radial compression in comparison with axial compression. The hysterisis loss implied that the stem to absorbed energy without being deformed beyond the yield point. 2. Ageneralized Maxwell model consisting of three elements gave a good description of the relaxation behavior of the rice stem. Rate of loading was more significant on the observed relaxation behavior within the short relaxation time, but there were little influences of rate of loading on the relaxation time. 3. The stress relaxation intensity and the residual stress increased in magnitude as the applied stress increased, but the relaxation time was little affected by the applied stress. 4. The coefficients of the stress relaxation model showed much differences in the radial compression and the axial compression, especially the higher relaxation stress of the third element was observed in the radial compression. 5. The behaviors of rice stem in creep and recovery test also might be represented by a four element Burger's model. But the coefficients of the creep model were different from those of the recovery model. 6. The steady-state phenomena of creep appeared at the stress larger than 20 MPa in Samkang and 1.8 MPa in Whajin. 7. The elastic modulus of the stem showed the range from 40 to 60 MPa. It could be considered, as a result, the rice stems had viscoelastic properties.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of apical-coronal implant position on the stress distribution after occlusal and oblique loading. Materials and Methods: The cortical and cancellous bone was assumed to be isotropic, homogeneous, and linearly elastic. The implant was apposed to cortical bone in the crestal region and to cancellous bone for the remainder of the implant-bone interface. The cancellous core was surrounded by 2-mm-thick cortical bone. An axial load of 200 N was assumed and a 200-N oblique load was applied at a buccal inclination of 30 degrees to the center of the pontic and buccal cusps. The 3-D geometry modeled in Iron CAD was interfaced with ANSYS. Results: When only the stress in the bone was compared, the minimal principal stress at load Points A and B, with a axial load applied at 90 degrees or an oblique load applied at 30 degrees, for model 5. The von Mises stress in the screw of model 5 was minimal at Points A and B, for 90- and 30-degree loads. When the von Mises stress of the abutment screw was compared at Points A and B, and a 30-degree oblique load, the maximum principal stress was seen with model 2, while the minimum principal stress was with model 5. In the case of implant, the model that received maximum von Mises stress was model 1 with the load Point A and Point B, axial load applied in 90-degree, and oblique load applied in 30-degree. Discussion and Conclusions: These results suggests that implantation should be done at the supracrestal level only when necessary, since it results in higher stress than when implantation is done at or below the alveolar bone level. Within the limited this study, we recommend the use of supracrestal apical-coronal positioning in the case of clinical indications.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.1050-1055
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• 2008

The demand on a turnout layed on a bridge is rising owing to the increasing number of stations on the viaduct. And also the demand on a turnout with CWR is rising to upgrade running speed of the passing train. A CWR with turnout is subjected to additional axial force induced by the thermal expansion of bridge as well as lead rail of turnout. The additional axial force is closely related with the distance between bridge expansion joint and turnout when it is located near the movable bearing of bridge, and it is required to keep some distance to prevent excessive axial stress in CWR. But, there is no guideline in specification for the proper distance from E.J. to turnout, and it caused problem in planning turnout or bridge. So, it this study, the parametric study to investigate the effect on axial stress in CWR with turnout according to span length and distance between bridge expansion joint and turnout was performed. From the results of numerical analysis, it was found out that $5{\sim}30m$ distance is required to prevent excessive axial in CWR for span length less 90m.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.393-403
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• 2019

The cycling impact test of red sandstone soil under different axial pressure and different impact loads are conducted to reveal the mechanical properties and energy consumption mechanism of red sandstone soil with static-dynamic coupling loading. The results show that: Under the action of different axial pressure and different impact loads, the peak stress of the specimen increases, and then tends to be stable with the times of impact. With the increase of impact times, the specific energy absorption value of the red sandstone soil specimen is increased first and then gentle development trend. When the impact loads are certain, the larger the axial pressure is, the smaller the peak value of energy absorption, which indicates that the energy utilization rate is not high under the condition of large axial pressure. Through the analysis of energy utilization, it is found that the smaller the impact load, the higher the energy utilization rate. The greater the axial pressure, the lower the energy utilization rate. when the axial pressure is large, the impact loads corresponding to the maximum values of reflectivity, transmissivity and absorptivity are the same. The relationship between reflectivity and transmissivity is negatively correlated.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.323-334
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• 2022

In order to study the axial compression performance of basalt-fiber reinforced recycled concrete (BFRRC) filled circular steel tubular short columns, the axial compression performance tests of seven short column specimens were conducted to observe the mechanical whole-process and failure mode of the specimens, the load-displacement curves and the load-strain curves of the specimens were obtained, the influence of design parameters on the axial compression performance of BFRRC filled circular steel tubular short columns was analyzed, and a practical mathematical model of stiffness degradation and a feasible stress-strain curve equation for the whole process were suggested. The results show that under the axial compression, the steel tube buckled and the core BFRRC was crushed. The load-axial deformation curves of all specimens show a longer deformation flow amplitude. Compared with the recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement ratio and the basalt fiber dosage, the BFRRC strength has a great influence on the peak bearing capacity of the specimen. The RCA replacement ratio and the BFRRC strength are detrimental to ductility, whereas the basalt fiber dosage is beneficial to ductility.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.493-516
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• 2004

This paper addresses the behavior and strength of structural walls with a concrete compressive strength exceeding 69 MPa. This information also enhances the current database for improvement of design recommendations. The objectives of this investigation are to study the effect of axial-load ratio on seismic behavior of high-strength concrete flexural walls. An analysis has been carried out in order to assess the contribution of deformation components, i.e., flexural, diagonal shear, and sliding shear on total displacement. The results from the analysis are then utilized to evaluate the prevailing inelastic deformation mode in each of wall. Moment-curvature characteristics, ductility and damage index are quantified and discussed in relation with axial stress levels. Experimental results show that axial-load ratio have a significant effect on the flexural strength, failure mode, deformation characteristics and ductility of high-strength concrete structural walls.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.83-88
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• 2010

Domestic nuclear steam generators with Alloy 600 HTMA tubes have experienced axial cracking at eggcrate tube support plates(TSPs). The axial stress corrosion cracks were observed at the crevice between outside of tubes and eggcrate TSPs. The root cause of axial cracking was investigated by thermal hydraulic analysis and sludge distribution diagnosis. It is suggested that deposition of sludge at eggcrate TSPs could increase the outside surface temperature of tube and promote the enrichment of impurities at crevice, and thus accelerate cracking. Additionally strategy for reducing the sludge ingress to steam generators is discussed.