• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.1050-1055
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• 2008

The demand on a turnout layed on a bridge is rising owing to the increasing number of stations on the viaduct. And also the demand on a turnout with CWR is rising to upgrade running speed of the passing train. A CWR with turnout is subjected to additional axial force induced by the thermal expansion of bridge as well as lead rail of turnout. The additional axial force is closely related with the distance between bridge expansion joint and turnout when it is located near the movable bearing of bridge, and it is required to keep some distance to prevent excessive axial stress in CWR. But, there is no guideline in specification for the proper distance from E.J. to turnout, and it caused problem in planning turnout or bridge. So, it this study, the parametric study to investigate the effect on axial stress in CWR with turnout according to span length and distance between bridge expansion joint and turnout was performed. From the results of numerical analysis, it was found out that $5{\sim}30m$ distance is required to prevent excessive axial in CWR for span length less 90m.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.635-648
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• 2009

This paper describes fire performance of eight axially restrained reinforced concrete (RC) columns under a combination of two different load ratios and two different axial restraint ratios. The eight RC columns were all concentrically loaded and subjected to ISO834 standard fire on all sides. Axial restraints were imposed at the top of the columns to simulate the restraining effect of the rest of the whole frame. The axial restraint was effective when the column was expanding as well as contracting. As the results of the experiments have shown, the stiffness of the axial restraint and load level play an important role in the fire behaviors of both HSC and NSC columns. It is found that (a) the maximum deformations during expanding phase were influenced mostly by load ratio and hardly by axial restraint ratio, (b) For a given load ratio, axial restraint ratio had a great impact on the development of axial deformation during contraction phase beyond the initial equilibrium state, (c) increasing the axial restraint increased the value of restraint force generated in both the NSC and HSC columns, and (d) the development of column axial force during the contracting and cooling phase followed nearly parallel trend for columns under the same load ratio.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.29 no.12 s.243
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• pp.1567-1573
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• 2005

This paper introduces a new active magnetic bearing(AMB) that can provide both radial and axial control functions in one bearing unit without axial disk. It has a structure of double four-pole AMB or a four-pole AMB where each core is split into two axially. The cores have two kinds of coil winding; they independently generate fluxes on the planes perpendicular or parallel to the shaft. For the radial control action, it works just like a conventional four-pole AMB. Meanwhile, for the axial control, it uses the Lorentz force generated by the interaction of the bias flux for radial control and the axial control flux. In this paper, the proposed structure, principle, and design process based on magnetic flux analysis are introduced, and its feasibility is experimentally verified by using a simple PD control algorithm with a feedforward loop to compensate the coupled flux effect.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.173-179
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• 2001

The torsional or axial critical vibration of the order coinciding with the number of propeller blades is simultaneously excited by the harmonic tangential or radial forces acting on the crank shaft and by the harmonic of the same order from the propeller. The exciting torque of propeller is relatively small comparing with that of crank side, but the exciting force of propeller rather larger than that of crank shaft. With this situation, the exciting force of propeller cannot neglect if the axial vibration of propulsion shafting is calculated. With the propeller in its optimal angular position, i.e. its excitation effect opposed to that of the engine, the stresses at the critical revolution will largely cancel themselves out. In this paper, a method of optimizing the angular propeller position with regard to torsional and axial vibration is studied. The optimal relative angle is determined theoretically by calculation results of coupled torsional-axial vibration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.237-240
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• 2004

Indexable end mills, which consist of inserts and cutter body, have been widely used in roughing of parts in the mold industry. The geometry and distribution of inserts on cutter body are determined by application. This paper proposes analytical cutting force model for indexable flat end-milling process. Developed cutting force model uses the cutting-condition-independent cutting force coefficients and considers runout, cutter deflection and size effect for the accurate cutting force prediction. Unlike solid type endmill, the tool geometry of indexable endmill is variable according to the axial position due to the geometry and distribution of inserts on the cutter body. Thus, adaptive algorithm that calculates tool geometry data at arbitrary axial position was developed. Then number of flute, angular position of flute, and uncutchip thickness are calculated. Finally, presented model was validated through some experiments with aluminum workpiece.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.321-331
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• 2018

When a cantilever beam with a lumped mass at its free end undergoes free transverse vibration, internal axial forces are produced in the beam. Such internal axial forces have an effect on free transverse vibration of the beam. This effect is studied in this paper. The equations of motion for the beam in terms of the generalized coordinates including the effect are derived. The method for determining free transverse vibration of the beam including the effect is presented. In numerical simulations, the results of free transverse vibration of the free end of the beam including and not including the effect are obtained. Based on comparison between the results obtained, the conclusions concerning the effect are given.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1700-1711
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• 2004

Piston friction is one of the important but complicated sources of energy loss of a hydraulic axial piston machine. In this paper, two formulas are derived for estimating instantaneous piston friction force and average piston friction moment loss. The derived formula can be applicable for piston guides with or without bushing as well as for axial piston machines of motoring and pumping operations. Through the formula derivation, a typical curve shape of friction force found from several experimental measurements during one revolution of a machine is clearly explained in this paper that it is mainly due to the equivalent friction coefficient dependent on its angular position. Stribeck curve effect can easily be incorporated into the formula by replacing outer and inner friction coefficients at both edges of a piston with the coefficient given by Manring (1999) considering mixed/boundary lubrication effects. Novel feature of the derived formula is that it is represented only by physical dimensions of a machine, hence it allows to estimate the piston friction force and loss moment of a machine without hardworking experimental test.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.2105-2114
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• 2006

In this paper, a simplified model is studied to predict analytically the vibration from the helical gear system due to an axial excitation of helical gears. The simplified model describes gear, shaft, bearing, and housing. In order to obtain the axial force of helical gears, the mesh stiffness is calculated in the load deflection relation. The axial force is obtained from the solution of the equation of motion, using the mesh stiffness. It is used as a longitudinal excitation of the shaft, which in turn drives the gear housing through the bearing. In this study, the shaft is modeled as a rod, while the bearing is modeled as a parallel spring and damper only supporting longitudinal forces. The gear housing is modeled as a clamped circular plate with viscous damping. For the modeling of this system, transfer matrices for the rod and bearing are used, using a spectral method with four pole parameters. The model is validated by finite element analysis. Using the model, parameter studies are carried out. As a result, the linearized dynamic shaft force due to the gear excitation in the frequency domain was proposed. Out-of-plan displacement from the forced vibrating circular plate and the renewed mode normalization constant of the circular plate were also proposed. In order to control the axial vibration of the helical gear system, the plate was more important than the shaft and the bearing. Finally, the effect of the dominant design parameters for the gear system can be investigated by this model.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.491-501
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• 2021

This paper aims to evaluate the mechanical integrity for Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) cladding under lateral loads during transportation. The evaluation process requires a conservative consideration of the degradation conditions of SNF cladding, especially the hydride effect, which reduces the ductility of the cladding. The dynamic forces occurring during the drop event are pinch force, axial force and bending moment. Among those forces, axial force and bending moment can induce transverse tearing of cladding. Our assessment of 14 × 14 PWR SNF was performed using finite element analysis considering SNF characteristics. We also considered the probabilistic procedures with a Monte Carlo method and a reliability evaluation. The evaluation results revealed that there was no probability of damage under normal conditions, and that under accident conditions the probability was small for transverse failure mode.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.621-625
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• 1997

Recently, wash plate type hydraulic axial piston motors are being in extensively used in the world, because of simple design, lightweight, effective cost. But the structural problem of swash plate type hydraulic axial piston motor is the limited angle of swash plate and lateral force having a undesirable effect in piston. To solve these problems. a connecting rod mechanism. which is commonly used in hent axis type motors, is considered to be applied the swash plate cype motor. In this paper, kinematic analysis is done on the connecting rod mechanism. A series of formula are derived and numerical calculations are done for a set of motor parameters.