• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.340-348
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• 1993

Penicillium funiculosum과 Trichoderma viride cellulase의 정제효소들을 사용하여 cross-synergism을 조사하였다. Exo-exo형 상승작용이 Avicel을 분해하는데 가장 효과적이었으며 exo-endo형은 다소 효과가 떨어졌다. 정제효소성분과 이종의 조효소를 혼합하여 70시간 이상 Avicel을 가수분해하며 생성된 total sugar를 측정한 결과, P. funiculosum cellulase에서 분리정제한 $\beta$-glucosidase 성분효소는 T. viride cellulase와 상승작용을 크게 나타내며 Avicel을 가수분해하였다. 또한, T. viride cellulase에서 분리정제한 exoglucanase 성분효소도 P. funiculosum cellulase의 가수분해능을 크게 향상시켰다. 이와같은 결과로 미루어 볼 때, 이종의 cellulase로 부터 부족한 성분효소를 보충시켜 효소성분비율을 변화시킴으로써 Avicel의 가수분해도를 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 이 때 최대한 높은 가수분해를 얻기 위하여 여러 형식의 상승작용이 같이 이루어져야할 것이다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.383-389
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• 1990

Penicillium verruculosum 섬유소 분해효소의 유도물질인 KC-flock 및 cellobiose octaacetate(COA)를 유일한 탄소원으로 포함하는 배지에서 21일간 배양하면서 배양여액 중의 섬유소 분해효소 각 성분의 활성도와 전기영동상의 단백질 양상을 검토하였다. 배양여액의 중의 총단백질 생성 및 섬유소 분해활성의 유도 효과는 COA 배지가 다른 두 배지의 3배 이상이었다. 배양기간의 증가에 따라 배양여액 중의 총단백질량이 증가되었는데 CMC 분해활성이나 $\beta$-glucosidase 활성의 증가보다는 avicel 분해활성도의 증가가 총단백질량의 증가와 유사하다.

• 약학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.124-129
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• 1985

A dissolution characteristics of phenylbutazone deposited on Avicel and dibasic calcium phosphate by solvent deposition method were studied. The solvent deposition was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Avicel was superior to dibasic calcium phosphate as excipient in dissolution rate. Total amount of phenylbutazone dissolved from Avicel deposition system at 30minutes were enhanced 1.2-1.6 times compared with physical mixtures of them. The dissolution rate of 10% solvent deposition system was highest and that of 75% solvent deposition system was lowest in Avicel system and dibasic calcium phosphate system. Dissolution profile of commercial products was dependent on manufacturing conditions and dissolution rate of 10% Avicel system was greater than that of commercial products.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.199-207
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• 1993

In order to obtain a good microorganism capable of degrading microcrystaline cellulose (avicel), the screening test was carried out from soil and brown-rot wood. 8 strains which had good avicel-hydrolyzing activity were isolated. Among them, HK 47 which exhibited the highest avicel hydrolyzing activity was identified as Trichoderma sp. HK 47. Maximum avicel-hydrolyzing enzyme production from Trichoderma sp. HK 47 was obtained with the optimum medium contained carboxymethylcellulose 1.5% as carbon source, NaN030.75% as nitrogen source, KH2P040.5%, MgSO4.7H2O 0.1%, Tween 800.005% (V/V) during stationary cultivation at pH 6.0, 3$0^{\circ}C$ In this case, the production of avicel-hydrolyzing enzyme was 0.028 U/ml.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1971

1. 5% 밀기울 기본배지에다 inducer로서 CMC 혹은 Avicel을 첨가하여 Myriococcum albomyces를 접종하여 진탕배양할 때의 cellulase 유도 생성을 검토하였다. 2. DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column chromatography 법으로 배양액에서 cellulase 활성이 다른 3개의 부분, fraction I, fraction II 와 fraction III를 분리하였다. 3. Inducer로서 CMC첨가의 경우는 CMCase가 강해지고 반대로 Avicel을 가한 경우는 Avicelase가 강하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.487-492
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• 2005

This study demonstrated that the brown rot basidiomycete Fomitopsis palustris was able to degrade crystalline cellulose (Avicel). This fungus could also produce the three major cellulases (exoglucanases, endoglucanases, and $\beta-glucosidase$) when the cells were grown on $2.0\%$ Avicel. Avicel degraded by F. palustris showed a decrease in relative crystallinity from $83\%\;to\;78.5\%$ after 14 days of incubation. The characterization study indicated that optimum pH was 4.5 and optimum temperature was $70^{\circ}C$ for exoglucanase (cellobiohydrolase) activity. Hydrolysis of Avicel by the crude enzyme from F. palustris yielded 1.6 mg/ml of glucose after 43 h, which corresponded to a cellulose conversion degree of $3.2\%$. Therefore, this study revealed for the first time that the brown rot basidiomycete F. palustris produces cellulases capable of yielding soluble sugars from crystalline cellulose.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.105-121
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• 1984

The bioavailability of rifampicin (brand A, B and C) was studied and the dissolution by foamed plastic rotating method and basket rotating method was also investigated. The results were as follows; 1. In the case of foamed plastic rotating method, it was revealed that dissolution rate of brand C was most rapid, but in the case of basket rotating method the results revealed that brand B was most rapid. Also it was observed that the dissolution rate in artificial gastric juice was more rapid than one in artificial intestinal juice, and that Avicel added in capsule increased additively the dissolution rate, particulary brand B. 2. Relative systemic availability by urine data showed that the results from all capsules filled with brand A, B and C were identical but in the case of the ripamficin capsules filled with Avicel, the results showed that Avicel increased the availability of brand A and B. 3. Area under serum concentration curve $(0{\sim}8hrs)$ was in order of $brand\;A{\fallingdotseq}brand\;C$ > brand B, but Avicel increased significantly the AUC of brand B and showed no effect in others. 4. Relative systemic availability calculated with excreted amount of rifampicin in urine was similar in each rifampicin capsules. In rifampicin (A) and rifampicin (B), Avicel which added in capsules appeared increasing tendency in urine excretion of rifampicin, but in rifampicin (C) it did not appeared. 5. Area under serum concentration curve $(0{\sim}8hrs)$ in rifampicin capsules was in order of $rifampicin(A){\fallingdotseq}rifampicin(C)$>rifampicin(B). In rifampicin (B) with Avicel capsules, area under serum concentration curve (0-8hrs.) increased significantly and in others insignificantly.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.800-805
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• 2007

Two endoglucanases with processive cellulase activities, produced from Fomitopsis palustris grown on 2% microcrystalline cellulose(Avicel), were purified to homogeneity by anion-exchange and gel filtration column chromatography systems. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that the molecular masses of the purified enzymes were 47 kDa and 35 kDa, respectively. The amino acid sequence analysis of the 47-kDa protein(EG47) showed a sequence similarity with fungal glycoside hydrolase family 5 endoglucanase from the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. N-terminal and internal amino acid sequences of the 35-kDa protein(EG35), however, had no homology with any other glycosylhydrolases, although the enzyme had high specific activity against carboxymethyl cellulose, which is a typical substrate for endoglucanases. The initial rate of Avicel hydrolysis by EG35 was relatively fast for 48 h, and the amount of soluble reducing sugar released after 96 h was $100{\mu}g/ml$. Although EG47 also hydrolyzed Avicel, the hydrolysis rate was lower than that of EG35. Thin layer chromatography analysis of the hydrolysis products released from Avicel indicated that the main product was cellobiose, suggesting that the brown-rot fungus possesses processive EGs capable of degrading crystalline cellulose.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.905-912
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• 2019

Bioethanol has attracted much attention in recent decades as a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative energy source. In this study, we compared the production of bioethanol by Candida molischiana and Saccharomyces cerevisiae at different initial concentrations of cellobiose and glucose. The results showed that C. molischiana can utilize both glucose and cellobiose, whereas S. cerevisiae can only utilize glucose. The ethanol yields were 43-51% from different initial concentrations of carbon source. In addition, different concentrations of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) were directly converted to ethanol by a combination of Trichoderma reesei and two yeasts. Cellulose was first hydrolyzed by a fully enzymatic saccharification process using T. reesei cellulases, and the reducing sugars and glucose produced during the process were further used as carbon source for bioethanol production by C. molischiana or S. cerevisiae. Sequential culture of T. reesei and two yeasts revealed that C. molischiana was more efficient for bioconversion of sugars to ethanol than S. cerevisiae. When 20 g/l Avicel was used as a carbon source, the maximum reducing sugar, glucose, and ethanol yields were 42%, 26%, and 20%, respectively. The maximum concentrations of reducing sugar, glucose, and ethanol were 10.9, 8.57, and 5.95 g/l, respectively, at 120 h by the combination of T. reesei and C. molischiana from 50 g/l Avicel.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.305-310
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• 1996

A microorganism producing carboxymethyl-cellulase (CMCase) was isolated from 300 soil and compost samples. The isolate was identified as Bacillus sp. by $Biolog^{TM}$ test and fatty acid analysis, and named as Bacillus sp. KD1014. The isolate could degrade, in addition to CMC, various kinds of polysaccharides such as levan, xylan, starch, and filter paper but hardly degrade microcrystalline Avicel. The optimum growth and CMCase production of the isolate was observed between 16-and 25 hr-culture at 45$^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.0. The maximum CMCase activity was observed at pH 4.5 and 6$0^{\circ}C$. The CMCase was found to bind to Avicel. The CMCase was internally cleaved as growth continued. When crude supernatant was used for activity staining, three major bands were detected on a native gel, however, only one major band was detected on a denaturating gel after removal of the detergent.