• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.123-130
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• 1992

Geogakakos와 Bras의 일차원 지점 강수량 모형이 전주지점 호우모형으로 적합한지를 검토하였다. 구름 물리학을 토대로 한 이 모형의 기본변수는 운정의 압력, 평균 상승 기류 속도, 운저의 평균 운적직경의 역수값 등인데, 입력변수에 의하여 매개상수화 된다. 매개상수는 Hooke와 Jeeves의 직접 탐색 알고리즘에 의하여 평가되었다. 그 결과 계산 강우량과 실측 강우량과의 평균 자승 오차를 최소화 하는데 평균 상승 기류 속도와 운저 운적직경에 관계된 매개상수가 크게 기여하였다. 이러한 수치실험에서, 계산 총강우량과 실측 총강우량의 편차는 크지 않았으나 시간분포는 상당한 차이를 보였다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.198-210
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• 2013

The purpose of this study investigates high school students' recognition and realities on the integrated science essay and is to suggest desirable direction of integrated science essay of how eduction. To this end, this paper was a questionnaire developed for use, it consists of the status, the writing skills and recognition of integrated science essay. Firstly, all grade students recognize the interest in integrated science essay class, but the need for third grade boys urgently was feeling. Second, STEAM class as a whole than average preference was. Third, integrated science essay was the most relevant, then was mathematics, languages, philosophy ethics, and social. Fourth, integrated science essay class with boys than girls in grade 1, science essay writing, reading science-related essay books, grammar, knowledge of the science and philosophy of science lessons, classes STEAM, read commentary essay reference all on the item, the higher affinity. Currently being implemented in integrated science essay test compared to the first, team teaching approach in schools project under one class teaches students how many teachers should be made. Second, it would require modifications of course content tailored to the preferences of female preference for science higher grade female students to disappear.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2009

Potential yield of micro wind turbine on the roof of urban high rise buildings is estimated. Urban wind profile is modeled as logarithmic profile above the mean building height with roughness length 0.8, displacement 7.5 m. Mean wind velocity from the meteorological agency data at the hight of 50m is used. Wind velocity changes are simulated on the rectangular roof of 26, 45, 53 degree pitch and the circular roof by computational fluid dynamics and RNG k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence models. Wind velocity increased approximately by a factor of the order of 270 % on the 26 degree pitched roof. In the 100 m and 200 m high buildings, wind enhancement is greater at the front side than at the center of the building. In the building arrangement model wind velocity changes abruptly and it becomes wind gusts. When commercial wind turbines are installed on the building roof, average power and annual power generation enhanced by 3~4 times than normal wind velocity at 50m and 6 kw wind turbine can generate 1053 kwh per month on the 26 degree pitched roof at 50m height and sufficiently supply electrical power with 15 household for common electrical use and food waste disposer. However, power output will vary significantly by the wind conditions in the order of $\pm$ 20 %.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.596-605
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate factors affecting gone density of university students in Seoul area. Data for food habits, exercise and health-related behaviors were obtained by self administered questionnaires. BQI(bone quality index) of the subjects was measured by an Quantitative Ultrasound(QUS). The results are summarized as follows: The average hight, weight BMI and osteopenia percentage of the male and female student were 173.3cm, 68.6kg, 22.7 and 24.2%; 161.4cm, 54.4kg, 20.9 and 55.5%, respectively. The BQI and Z-score of the subjects were 99.6, -0.3 in male student group, and 82.7, -1.1 in female student group, respectively. Height, weight, fat weight, fat mass and BMI were positively related with BQI in female group. BQI was positively affected by breakfast and frequence exercise in male student group. In female student group, frequency exercise was positively related with BQI. The result of this study revealed that the desirable food habits, dietary behaviors and health-related lifestyles may have a beneficial effect on bone density. They should have practically and systematically organized nutritional education on optimum body weight, good eating habits, weight bearing exercise for higher bone density level.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.982-997
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• 1993

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional status and nutrition knowledge of upper elementary school children attending a rural type school lunch programs. The subjects of this study consisted of 186 elementary school students in the 5th and 6th grades. Anthropometric measurements were taken for body weight, hight, sitting height, triceps skinfold thickness, and circumferences of midarm and chest. Dietary intakes of nutrients were assessed by modified 24-hour recall method. Test consisted of multiple-cholic items was used to assess nutrition knowledge of subjects. The results are summerized as follows: 1) The children's average body weight were 34.8kg in and 37.6kg in girls. Their average heights were 140.2cm in boys and 143.9cm in girls. Body weight, height, sitting height, triceps skinfold and body surface area of girls were significantly higher than those of boys(p<0.05). Anthropometric data of children approximated to the Korean standards, but were lower than those of children in Seoul and other rural area. 2) Total daily energy and nutrient intakes were below the RDA's, except for intakes of niacin and ascorbic acid. School lunch provided 30.5% of total energy intake ; 3.13% of carbohydrate intake, 30.3% of protein intake and 32.4% of fat intake. Therefore, school lunch largely contributed to the nutritional balance of these children. 3) The mean scores on the nutrition knowledge test of fifth grade and sixth grade students were 16.8(out of possible 40 points) and 23.5 (out of a possible 50 points), respectively. 4) Score of food habit had positive correlations with intakes of protein, iron and niacin. But score of nutrition knoweldge test showed to be only related to intake of ascorbic acid.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2012

본 연구는 벽면 근처에 놓인 정방형주의 모서리에 수직 분할판을 부착하여 유체력 제어 효과를 양항력 측정실험 및 PIV에 의한 가시화 실험으로 조사한 것이다. 분할판의 폭은 정방형주 폭의 10% 로 했다. 실험변수로서는 수직 분할판의 부착 위치 및 벽면과 사각주 사이의 간격으로 하였다. 정방형주 중심에서 후류방향으로 3.0B(B: 정방형주 한 변 길이) 떨어진 곳에서 와도의 변화가 가장 명확했다. 수직 분할판의 위치 및 유무와 관계없이 간격비 0.4~0.6에서 평균양력계수 및 Strouhal 수의 변곡점이 나타났다. 정방형주 윗면의 뒷 모서리에 수직 분할판을 설치한 경우 항력이 감소하였으며 각 간격비 평균 5.0%의 항력 저감 효과를 얻었다. 정방형주 윗면 박리영역의 크기는 앞쪽 모서리에 수직 분할판을 설치한 경우가 가장 컸고, 원형의 정방형주, 뒷쪽 모서리에 수직 분할판을 설치한 순서로 작았으며, 평균항력계수는 이 박리영역의 크기에 비례했다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.197-203
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• 1999

A total of 216 women of natural menopause over 40 years were interviewed to find the relationships among general environmental fctors, anthropometric measurements, daily nutrient intake, and BMD. The average age of the subjects was 54.0 years. Average ages of menarche and menopause were 16.7 years and 47.7 years, respectively. In general, energy and nutrients intake of the subjects were relatively low compared to the Korean recommended dietary allowances(RDA). Specifically, intakes of energy, protein, clcium, iron, and vitamin A were lower than Korean RDA, BMD levels of lumbar spin (LS), femoral neck(FN), ward's triangle(WT), and trochanter(TC) were significantly decreased wit age in descending order of LS, FN, TC, and WT BMD, accordingly. BMD levels of FN and TC of the subjects were higher compared to those of the same age but BMD levels of LS and WT were lower than those of the same age from the general population. For factors related to BMD levels, hight, weight, BMI, and hip circumference had positive correlations with BMD. On the other hand, menarche, and WHR had negative correlations with BMD. Protein, lipid, iron, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin intake among factors related nutrient intakes were positively correlated with BMD levels. Based on the stepwise regression analysis, the factors and vitamin B1 intakes. Overall, BMD was decreased with age as can be expected. For those being tall, moderately weighed, and smaller waist circumference, BMD levels were high when the relationships of body characteristics and BMD levels were considered. The higher BMD levels were found for those with high intake of protein and vitamin B1. From the findings, it is suggested that the women after menopause keep the optimum body weight and good eating habits. Specially intakes of good quality protein, vitamin B1 seemed to be important.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.247-251
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• 2012

본 연구는 파프리카 수출 확대 및 안정화에 기초자료를 제공하고자 적색계열 파프리카 8품종 간 생육 및 착과 특성을 비교하였다. 정식 23주 후 초장은 '데브라', '쿠푸라', '티알프', '베이퍼', '스파이더' 품종에서 길었고, '시로코', '페라리', '스페셜' 품종에서 다소 짧은 경향을 나타내었다. '데브라' 품종에서는 마디수가 적어 절간장이 상당히 길었다. 정식 후 23주 동안 주간 평균 생장량 및 마디 형성수는 '데브라' 및 '쿠푸라' 품종에서 많았고, '스페셜' 및 '페라리' 품종에서 적었다. 과중 200g 이상을 주로 생산할 수 있는 품종으로는 '베이퍼', '스파이더', 및 '데브라', 180~200g 미만을 주로 생산할 수 있는 품종으로는 '스페셜'과 '티알프', 그리고 160~180g 미만을 주로 생산할 수 있는 품종으로는 '시로코'와 '쿠푸라'로 분류되었다. 대부분 평균 과중이 무거운 품종에서 고르지 못했으나, '데브라' 품종에서는 크기가 고른 과실 비율이 높았다. 과실의 착과수는 '쿠푸라'와 '페라리' 품종에서 많았고, 성숙과 수확량은 '페라리', '시로코' 및 '베이퍼'에서 가장 많았다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2003

Total phosphorous removal rate was examined of a subsurface-flow treatment wetland system which was constructed on floodplain in the down reach of the Kwangju Stream in Korea from May to June 2001. Its dimensions were 29 meter in length, 9 meter in width and 0.65 meter in depth. A bottom layer of 45 cm in depth was filled with crushed granite with about 15~30 mm in diameter and a middle layer of 10 cm in depth had pea pebbles with about 10 mm in diameter. An upper layer of 5 cm in depth contained course sand. Reeds(Phragmites australis) were transplanted on the surface of the system. They were dug out of natural wetlands and stems were cut at about 40 cm height from their bottom ends. Water of the Kwangju Stream flowed from a submerged dam into it via a pipe by gravity flow and treated effluent was funneled back into the Stream. The number of reed stems increased from 80 stems/$m^2$ in July 2001 to 136 stems/$m^2$ in September 2001. The hight of stems was 44.2 cm in July 2001 and 75.3 cm in September 2001. The establishment of reeds at early operating stage of the system was good. Volume and water quality of inflow and outflow were investigated from July 2001 through December 2001. The average inflow was 40 $m^3$/day and hydraulic detention time was about 1.5 days. The concentration of total phosphorous n influent and effluent was 0.83 and 0.33 mg/L, respectively. The removal rate of total phosphorous averaged about 60%. The removal efficiency was slightly higher, compared with that of subsurface-flow wetlands operating in North America, whose retention rate of total phosphorous was reported to be about 56%. The good abatement rate could be attributed to sedimentation of particle phosphorous in pores of the media and adsorption of phosphorous to the biofilm developed on the surface of them. Increase of standing density of reeds within a few years will develop root zones which may lead to increment in the phosphorous retention rate.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.55-71
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• 1989

This study was carried out to determine the ozone concentration to behaviour and the factors to be influenced the variation of its concentration in the ambient air in Seoul. Measurements of ozone concentrations were made at 10 monitoring station to take care of SIHE (Seoul Institute of Health & Environment) during December 1987 to November 1988, also measured the hourly average concentration of sulfur dioxide, total suspended particulate, nitrogen oxide $(NO & NO_2)$, carbon monoxide, hydro carbon $(n-CH_4 & THC)$ and meteorological factors, that is, temperature, humidity, wind velocity wind direction and ultraviolet intensity etc, for the same period at same place. The basis of the data obtained were analyzed statistically along with the various data. The results were as follows; 1. The annually arithmetic mean concentration of ozone for the 10 sites during one years was 10.0 ppb and ranged from 3.1 $\pm$ 4.5ppb at the Kuro industrial complex to 17.2 $\pm$ 18.7 ppb at the Ssangmun site. 2. The frequency of hours on which oxidant concentrations exceeded the present short term standard of ozone (100 ppb) were 78 times. 3. The diurnal patterns of hourly ozone concentrations in Seoul area was a typical bi-modal variation which have 4 to 5 a.m. peak and 3. to 4 p.m peak. 4. The time ozone of highest ozone concentration in a whole day and hight was 1 to 5 p.m and 90.9 percent of appearence rate. 5. The diurnal patterns of hourly ozone concentrations in Seoul were on the whole the order of daytime from 5.8ppb to 28.7 ppb evening from 1.7 to 18.7 ppb night time from 1.9 to 9.3 ppb daybreak from 1.4ppb according to measuring sites, and the highest that observed at the Ssangmun area while the lowest was the Kuro industrial complex monitor sites. 6. The weekly variation of ozone concentration was the higher level ozone concentration in the day of the week occured sunday-monday and weekend but the decrease were observed from wednesday to thursday.