• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.566-574
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• 2021

This research was carried out to investigate the correlation between soil chemical properties and bioactive compounds of Acer tegmentosum Maxim. The methods of determining bioactive compounds were determined by high performance liquid chromatography, that contained (-)-gallocatechin (0.04±0.01 ~ 0.43±0.28%), salidroside (0.90±0.06 ~ 3.86±0.59%), tyrosol (0.03±0.00 ~ 0.43±0.00%), (-)-catechin (0.05±0.01 ~ 0.37±0.14%), 6'-O-galloylsalidroside (0.02± 0.01 ~ 0.31±0.06%), (-)-epicatechin-gallate (0.01±0.00 ~ 0.04±0.01%). The soil chemical properties analysis such as soil pH, electric conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphate (Avail. P₂O₅), exchangeable cation and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were performed following the standard manual. The correlation analysis between soil chemical properties and bioactive compounds of A. tegmentosum, soil pH, available phosphate and exchangeable cation (Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺) were negatively correlated with content of salidroside. On the other hand, soil exchangeable cation (Na⁺) showed positive correlation with content of salidroside. The results of this study was able to investigate the correlation between soil chemical properties and bioactive compounds of A. tegmentosum.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2005

본 연구는 인과 칼슘의 수준이 낮은 산란계 사료내 미생물 phytase의 첨가가 생산성 및 영양소 소화율에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 실시되었다. 사양시험은 50주령 ISA brown 갈색계 192수를 공시하였으며, 사양시험은 7일간의 적응기간 후, 12주간 실시하였다 시험설계는 옥수수-대두박 위주의 사료에 NRC 요구량에 맞춰 Available P과 Ca을 처리한 구(CON; 기초사료), 기초사료에 Available P과 Ca을 각각 대조구 사료의 $50\%$와 $90\%$를 함유한 사료에 3종류의 미생물phytase PHYTEX, Agranco. Co. $0.01\%$(P1), Natuphos, BASF $0.06\%$(P2), PHOSMAX GENOFOCUS $0.06\%$(P3)를 첨가한 처리구로 4개 처리를 하였다. 총 12주간의 사양 시험기간동안 산란율은 처리구간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다 (P>0.05). 시험 종료시 난중은 처리구에서 유의적으로 높게 평가되었다(P<0.05). 난각 두께는 시험 9주째 phytase를 급여한 처리구가 대조구와 비교하여 두꺼워졌다(P<0.05). 시험개시시와 종료시 혈청 내 Ca 함량의 차이는 P1처리구에서 가장 적은 변화를 보였으나, 처리구간 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았으며, P함량에 있어서도 처리구간 유의성은 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 경골 내 Ca과 P의 함량은 phytase를 급여한 처리구가 대조구에 비하여 유의적인 차이 없이 높은 경향을 보였다(P>0.05). DM, N과 Ash의 소화율에 있어서는 대조구와 P1 처리구가 P2, P3 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). Ca과 P에 있어서는 P2 처리구의 소화율이 가장 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05)), 대조구와 P1 처리구는 서로 통계적인 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 모든 처리구들이 대조구보다 유의하게(P<0.01) 낮았고 Ercherichia coli의 수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. Lactobacilli의 수는AM30구가 대조구보다 유의하게(P<0.05) 높았다. 결론적으로 활성 미네랄수 $30\%$흡착 zeolite의 사료 내 첨가는 대조구에 비하여 육계의 증체율을 개선시키는 경향이 있었으며 깔짚에서 암모니아 가스 발생도 유의하게 감소시켰고 장내 Lactobacilli의 수를 유의하게 증가시켰다.결과를 얻을 수 있으리라 생각한다.내산에서는 S.typhimurium $(33\%)$이 분리 되었으나, 미국산 닭날개에서는 Salmonella 속균이 전혀 분리되지 않아 대조적이었다. 하지만, 중국산의 닭부분육(혼합육)에서는 S. enteritidis와 L. monocytogenes도 함께 분리되었다. 그러나 부분육의 경우 국내산 및 수입산 모두에서 Campylobacter 속균과 E. coli O157:H7 균주는 전혀 분리되지 않았다. 서울${\cdot}$경기지역의 재래시장과 백화점에서 시판되고 있는 계란 총 446개에 대해서도 동일한 절차와 방법으로 조사하였던바, 재래시장에서 구입했던 계란의 난각부분(Egg-shell)에서만 가금티푸스(fowl Typhoid)의 병원체인 S. gallinarum이 1주$(0.2\%)$만이 분리되었고, 기타 세균으로서는 대장균군이 역시 난각에서 가장 높은 빈도로 분리되었고, 난황(Yolk)에서는 극히 낮은 수준의 세균오염도를 보였다. 다양한 동물종유래 S. aureus 균주들의 유전학적 분석목적에 가장 신뢰도 높고 감별능력이 뛰어난 분석기법으로 선발되었다.cid로부터 cyclooxygenase를 통해 일단 생성된 endoperoxide에서 각각의 prostaglandin을 생성하는 효소, 특히 $G-Rb_{2}$는 $TxA_{2}$

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1391-1399
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• 2009

Two hundred and sixteen 68-week-old Hy-Line brown laying hens were used in a 6-week feeding trial to compare the efficacy of phytases Optiphos (OPT) and Natuphos (NAT), which were isolated from Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger, respectively. Hens were randomly allotted into six treatments with six replications (six layers in three adjacent cages) per treatment according to their initial BW. The hens were then subjected to one of the following dietary treatments: i) Positive Control (PC; available phosphorus (AP) 0.4%); ii) Negative control (NC; AP 0.2%); iii) NAT1 (NC+250 FTU/kg NAT); iv) NAT2 (NC+500 FTU/kg NAT); v) OPT1 (NC+250 FTU/kg OPT); vi) OPT2 (NC+500 FTU/kg OPT). Feed intake, egg production, egg quality, apparent nutrient digestibility and serum P and Ca concentration were evaluated to compare the effect of the two phytases. Feed intake and eggshell thickness were not affected by the treatments. Superior effects (p<0.05) of OPT were only observed in egg production and egg weight compared with NAT. Characteristics such as eggshell breaking strength, apparent digestibility of N, Ca and P and serum P concentration were equally increased with the supplementation of both phytases (p<0.05), where no significant difference was observed in those characteristics between PC and phytase supplementation at 500 FTU/kg. Equally effective improvements (p<0.05) were also observed in egg production and DM digestibility, where no improvements were observed (p<0.05) between the PC group and the groups with phytase supplementation at 500 FTU/kg. Equal increases in the serum Ca level were observed when the groups with phytase supplementation were compared to the PC group. Overall, the results of this study suggest that NAT and OPT are equally effective at liberating phytate-bound complexes when included in 0.2% available phosphorus diets for 68-week laying hens; either source of phytase can be fed to commercial 68-week laying hens at 500 FTU/kg to correct the negative effects associated with a 0.2% available phosphorus diet. In conclusion, either source of phytase can be fed to commercial first cycle laying hens at 500 FTU/kg to effectively replace inorganic phosphorus when economically justified.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.4977-4982
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• 2014

Background: Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) might be involved in the development of bladder cancer. However, previous studies of any association between CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI polymorphism and bladder cancer risk have yielded conflicting results. In this study, we performed a more precise estimation of the relationship by a meta-analysis based on the currently available evidence from the literature. Method: To assess the effect of CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI polymorphism on bladder cancer susceptibility, a meta-analysis of 6 available studies with 1,510 cases and 1,560 controls were performed through Feb 2014. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the strength of association for CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI polymorphism under different genetic models. Results: When available studies were pooled into the meta-analysis, we found that the C1C2 and C2C2 genotypes of CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI polymorphism significantly decreased bladder cancer risk under different genetic models (heterozygote: OR=0.766, 95%CI=0.613-0.957, $P_{OR}$=0.019; homozygote: OR=0.51, 95%CI=0.303-0.858, $P_{OR}$=0.011; dominant: OR=0.733, 95%CI=0.593-0.905, $P_{OR}$=0.004; recessive: OR=0.565, 95%CI=0.337-0.947, $P_{OR}$=0.030). Subgroup analysis indicated that C2C2 genotype was significantly associated with decreased bladder cancer risk under the homozygote genetic model in Caucasians. There was no evidence of heterogeneity or publication bias. Conclusions: The current meta-analysis suggested that the CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI polymorphism might be associated with bladder cancer susceptibility, especially in Caucasians. Further studies are needed to validate the above conclusion.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2015

A growth trial was conducted to determine the optimal incorporation level of dietary magnesium hydrogen phosphate (MHP, $MgHPO_4$), which was manufactured from swine manure and phosphorus (P), required by juvenile far eastern catfish (Silurus asotus). Graded MHP of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%, and 2.0% monocalcium phosphate (MCP) each was added to the basal diet (control) in lieu of cellulose to become the range of available P (AP) from 0.4% to 0.8% of which diets were designated as control, MHP0.5, MHP1.0, MHP1.5, MHP2.0, and MCP, respectively. Control diet contained fish meal (20%), soybean meal (40%), wheat flour (27%), corn gluten meal (5%), fish oil (2%) and soy oil (2%) as main ingredients. Following a 24 h fasting, 540 fish with a mean body weight of 11.8 g were randomly allotted to 6 groups in triplicate, whereby 18 tanks ($0.4{\times}0.6{\times}0.36cm$, water volume of 66 L) were prepared. The feeding experiment lasted for 8 weeks. Fish group fed the control diet showed the lowest weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency (FE) among treatments. The WG was, however, not significantly different (p>0.05) from that of fish group fed MHP0.5. Fish group fed MHP2.0 showed the highest WG and FE of which values were not significantly different from those of fish groups fed diets MHP1.0 and MHP1.5 as well as MCP (p>0.05) except fish groups fed control and MHP0.5. Aspartate aminotransferase was significantly decreased with an increase in available P, while alanine aminotransferase did not show a significant difference among treatment. The highest inorganic P in plasma was observed in fish fed MHP2.0. From the present results, a second-order regression analysis revealed that the optimal dietary MHP level and the AP requirement were found to be 1.62% and 0.7%, respectively.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.262-268
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• 2014

The management of soil chemical properties is very important to sustainable agriculture of many horticultural crops, including cucumber. This study was conducted to find the optimal soil properties of environmentally friendly agriculture in controlled horticulture. Soil chemical properties of 267 samples were collected from soil in Chungnam Province. The average of pH, EC, OM, available $P_2O_5$, exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg was 6.1, $5.38dS\;m^{-1}$, $34g\;kg^{-1}$, $1,321mg\;kg^{-1}$, $1.50cmol_c\;kg{-1}$, $10.3cmol_c\;kg{-1}$, and $3.4cmol_c\;kg{-1}$, respectively. The organic matter content in silty clay loam was significantly higher than in the other soil textures, whereas the pH, EC, exchangeable K, and Mg in loamy fine sand showed significantly lower among soil textures. The EC value and exchangeable Mg concentration were highest in mountain foot-slope soils. The frequency distribution within optimum range of soil chemical properties was 26.2%, 30.3%, 2.3%, 3.8%, 3.4%, and 6.7% for pH, OM, available $P_2O_5$, exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg, respectively. Especially, excessive portion of available $P_2O_5$ and exchangeable Ca were 94.0% and 94.4%, respectively. The EC value and organic matter content of soil samples were positive correlation with all chemical properties except soil pH. In principle component analysis of chemical properties in soil samples, the percentage of variance explained by PC 1 was 52.2%, while PC 2 explained 21.3% of the variance, for a cumulative total of 73.5%. In conclusion, these results are considered to improve soil nutrient management for sustainable controlled horticulture.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.211-217
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• 1978

수종토양(數種土壤)에 2종(種)의 인산질비료(燐酸質肥料)를 시용(施用)한 후(後) 토양중(土壤中) 무기태인산(無機態燐酸)의 형태별(形態別) 함량변화(含量變化)와 수종침출액(數種浸出液)에 의한 유효인산침출량(有效燐酸浸出量)을 실내실험(室內實驗)으로 조사(調査)하여 비교(比較) 검토(檢討)한바 얻어진 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. Al-P 함량(含量)은 미경지(未耕地)에 비(比)해 기경전(旣耕田) 토양(土壤)에서 많고 Fe-P 함량(含量)은 사질(砂質)에 비(比)해 식질토양(埴質土壤)에서 많았다. 2. 시용(施用)된 중과석(重過石)의 인산(燐酸)은 토양중(土壤中)에서 주로 Al-P로, 용성인비(熔成燐肥)의 인산(燐酸)은 Al-P와 Ca-P로 변화(變化) 되었으며 Fe-P의 증가(增加)는 모두 아주 낮았다. 3. 유효 인산(燐酸)의 용출량(溶出量)은 침출액간(浸出液間)에 차이가 컸으며 대체(大體)로 중과석(重過石)을 시용(施用)한 토양(土壤)에서는 Bray No. 2>Lancaster${\fallingdotseq}$Bray No. 1>Truog>Olsen 침출액(浸出液)의 순(順)이었고 용린(熔燐)을 시용(施用)한 토양(土壤)에서는 Lancaster> Bray No. 2>Truog>Bray No. 1>Olsen 침출액(浸出液)의 순(順)이었다. 4. 모든 유효린산침출액(有效燐酸浸出液)의 무기린산형태별(無機燐酸形態別)에 대(對)한 침출액(浸出液)은 Al-P>Ca-P>Fe-P의 순(順)이었으나 이중 Bray No. 1과 Bray No. 2는 Fe-P에 대(對)한 침출능(浸出能)이 가장 낮았다. 5. Bray No. 2와 Bray No. 1 및 Olsen법(法)은 Ca-P의 침출능(浸出能)에 비(比)해 상대적(相對的)으로 Al-P에 대(對)한 용출능(溶出能)이 강(强)하니 Lancaster와 Truog법(法)은 Al-P에 비(比)해 Ca-P에 대(對)한 용출능(溶出能)이 더욱 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.521-534
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• 2009

In this paper we present new large-update primal-dual interior point algorithms for $P_*$ linear complementarity problems(LAPS) based on a class of kernel functions, ${\psi}(t)={\frac{t^{p+1}-1}{p+1}}+{\frac{1}{\sigma}}(e^{{\sigma}(1-t)}-1)$, p $\in$ [0, 1], ${\sigma}{\geq}1$. It is the first to use this class of kernel functions in the complexity analysis of interior point method(IPM) for $P_*$ LAPS. We showed that if a strictly feasible starting point is available, then new large-update primal-dual interior point algorithms for $P_*$ LAPS have $O((1+2+\kappa)n^{{\frac{1}{p+1}}}lognlog{\frac{n}{\varepsilon}})$ complexity bound. When p = 1, we have $O((1+2\kappa)\sqrt{n}lognlog\frac{n}{\varepsilon})$ complexity which is so far the best known complexity for large-update methods.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.26-34
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• 2008

This cross-sectional study assessed household food insecurity among low-income rural communities and examined its association with demographic and socioeconomic factors as well as coping strategies to minimize food insecurity. Demographic, socioeconomic, expenditure and coping strategy data were collected from 200 women of poor households in a rural community in Malaysia. Households were categorized as either food secure (n=84) or food insecure (n=116) using the Radimer/Cornell Hunger and Food Insecurity instrument. T-test, Chi-square and logistic regression were utilized for comparison of factors between food secure and food insecure households and determination of factors associated with household food insecurity, respectively. More of the food insecure households were living below the poverty line, had a larger household size, more children and school-going children and mothers as housewives. As food insecure households had more school-going children, reducing expenditures on the children's education is an important strategy to reduce household expenditures. Borrowing money to buy foods, receiving foods from family members, relatives and neighbors and reducing the number of meals seemed to cushion the food insecure households from experiencing food insufficiency. Most of the food insecure households adopted the strategy on cooking whatever is available at home for their meals. The logistic regression model indicates that food insecure households were likely to have more children (OR=1.71; p<0.05) and non-working mothers (OR=6.15; p<0.05), did not own any land (OR=3.18; p<0.05) and adopted the strategy of food preparation based on whatever is available at their homes (OR=4.33; p<0.05). However, mothers who reported to borrow money to purchase food (OR=O.84; p<0.05) and households with higher incomes of fathers (OR=O.99; p<0.05) were more likely to be food secure. Understanding the factors that contribute to household food insecurity is imperative so that effective strategies could be developed and implemented.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.530-537
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• 1998

The proportion of dry matter (DM) and mineral elements (Ca, Mg, P, Na, K, Zn) released from eight feeds (2 rice straws, RSI and RS2; 2 grasses, NB21 and guinea; 2 leguminous fodders, glyricidia and erythrina; jak leaves and rice bran) were studied using the nylon bag procedure. Bag incubations up to 10 days were performed in the rumen of cows fed on a ration consisting of 50% wheat straw and 50% hay. Both the type of feed and the incubation time in the rumen significantly influenced (p < 0.01) the proportion of minerals released. In legumes, jak leaves and rice bran about 80% of the potentially degradable DM fraction was solubilized within 24 h in the rumen, and with the grasses, rice straws and jak leaves a considerable proportion of DM was released between 48 and 240 h in the rumen. During the early hours of incubation (up to 24 h) there were distinct differences between and within the feed classes in their ability to release all mineral elements studied. In all test feeds, high proportions of Mg and K were released within 24 h. Some feeds showed a tendency to ad/absorb Ca (grasses, rice straws and rice bran), P (jak leaves, rice straws), Na (glyricidia and rice bran) and Zn (jak leaves) from water and rumen fluid, and this was partly related to the low initial concentration. In terms of absolute quantity of mineral released, legumes (erythrina is superior to glyricidia) are a good source of Ca, Mg, P and Zn, and jak leaves a good source of Ca and Na. Within grasses, guinea contains appreciable quantity of available Mg and P. Rice bran is rich in available Mg, P and Zn.