• IE interfaces
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.229-239
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• 2003

The On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) tools access data from the data warehouse for complex data analysis, such as multidimensional data analysis, and decision support activities. Current research has lead to new developments in all aspects of data warehousing, however, there are still a number of problems that need to be solved for making data warehousing effective. View maintenance, one of them, is to maintain view in response to updates in source data. Keeping the view consistent with updates to the base relations, however, can be expensive, since it may involve querying external sources where the base relations reside. In order to reduce maintenance costs, it is possible to maintain the views using information that is strictly local to the data warehouse. This process is usually referred to as "self-maintenance of views". A number of algorithm have been proposed for self maintenance of views where they keep some additional information in data warehouse in the form of auxiliary views. But those algorithms did not consider a consistency of materialized views using view self-maintenance. The purpose of this paper is to research consistency problem when self-maintenance of views is implemented. The proposed "conveyor algorithm" will resolved a complete consistency of materialized view using self-maintenance with considering network delay. The rationale for conveyor algorithm and performance characteristics are described in detail.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.386-391
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose a system that automatically assigns user's experience-based emotion tags from wearable sensor data collected in real life. Four types of emotional tags are defined considering the user's own emotions and the information which the user sees and listens to. Based on the collected wearable sensor data from multiple sensors, we have trained a machine learning-based tagging system that combines the known auxiliary tools from the existing affective computing research and assigns emotional tags. In order to show the usefulness of this multi-modality-based emotion tagging system, quantitative and qualitative comparison with the existing single-modality-based emotion recognition approach are performed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2018

The CINDER code has about 60 years of development history, and is thus one of the world's best transmutation computing codes to date. Unfortunately, it is complex and cumbersome to use. Preparing auxiliary input files for activation computation from MCNPX output and executing them using Perl script (activation script) is the first difficulty, and separation of gamma source computing script (gamma script), which analyzes the spectra files produced by CINDER code and creates source definition format for MCNPX code, is the second difficulty. In addition, for highly nonlinear problems, multiple human interventions may increase the possibility of errors. Postprocessing such as making plots with large text outputs is also time consuming. One way to improve these limitations is to make a graphical user interface wrapper that includes all codes, such as MCNPX and CINDER, and all scripts with a visual C#.NET tool. The graphical user interface merges all the codes and provides easy postprocessing of graphics data and Microsoft office tools, such as Excel sheets, which make the CINDER code easy to use. This study describes the VCINDER code (with visual C#.NET) and gives a typical application example.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.64 no.12
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• pp.1695-1702
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• 2015

This paper presents the characteristic analysis and experiment of force characteristics in permanent magnet linear synchronous motor for accuracy prediction of linear motion machine tools. In particular, the pitching moment resulting from attraction force ripple has been analysed and tested. Firstly, we analysed the characteristics of detent force, attraction force, and pitching moment in permanent magnet linear synchronous motor according to the design techniques such as auxiliary teeth, chamfering, and permanent magnet skewing. In addition, we suggested the experimental set for measurement of pitching moment. Finally, the results from measurement shows the good agreement with those obtained from finite element analysis results.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.101-111
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• 2022

The purpose of laboratory tests in the field of oral medicine can be divided into two categories: (1) medical evaluation of patients with systemic diseases that are planning to receive dental care and (2) diagnosis of patients with certain oral diseases. First, laboratory tests are commonly used to evaluate patients with systemic diseases who need dental management. A combination of multiple tests is usually prescribed as a test panel to diagnose and assess a specific disease. Test panels closely related to oral medicine include those for rheumatoid arthritis, connective tissue disease/lupus, liver function, thyroid screening, anemia, and bleeding disorders. Second, laboratory tests are used as auxiliary diagnostic methods for certain oral diseases. They often provide crucial diagnostic information for infectious diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses that are associated with pathology in the oral and maxillofacial regions. Laboratory tests for infectious diseases are composed of growth-dependent methods, immunologic assays, and molecular biology. As the field develops, further application of laboratory tests, including synovial fluid analysis in temporomandibular joint disorders, salivary diagnostics, and hematologic biomarkers associated with temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain conditions, is currently under scrutiny for their reliability as diagnostic tools.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2007

In Korea, hepatoma is the thirdly frequent cause of death from cancer occupying 17.2% among the whole deaths from cancer and the rate of death from hepatoma comes to about 21's persons per one-hundred thousand ones. This paper proposes an automatic method for the extraction of areas being suspicious as hepatoma from a CT scan and evaluates the availability as an auxiliary tool for the diagnosis of hepatoma. For detecting tumors in the internal of the liver from CT scans, first, an area of the liver is extracted from about $45{\sim}50's$ CT scans obtained by scanning in 2.5-mm intervals starting from the lower part of the chest. In the extraction of an area of the liver, after unconcerned areas outside of the ribs being removed, areas of the internal organs are separated and enlarged by using intensity information of the CT scan. The area of the liver is extracted among separated areas by using information on position and morphology of the liver. Since hepatoma is a hypervascular turner, the area corresponding to hepatoma appears more brightly than the surroundings in contrast-enhancement CT scans, and when hepatoma shows expansile growth, the area has a spherical shape. So, for the extraction of areas of hepatoma, areas being brighter than the surroundings and globe-shaped are selected as candidate ones in an area of the liver, and then, areas appearing at the same position in successive CT scans among the candidates are discriminated as hepatoma. For the performance evaluation of the proposed method, experiment results obtained by applying the proposed method to CT scans were compared with the diagnoses by radiologists. The evaluation results showed that all areas of the liver and liver tumors were extracted exactly and the proposed method has a high availability as an auxiliary diagnosis tools for the discrimination of liver tumors.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.493-503
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• 2021

The study was designed to analyze raw and auxiliary materials of Korean traditional cookies such as Yugwa and Gangjeong, equipment and tools, personal hygiene of workers and microbial contamination of materials by each manufacturing process. In addition, it looked at washing method for reducing microorganisms at the site and reduction effect of microorganisms by frequency in the manufacturing processes of Yugwa. In the process of producing Korean traditional cookies, the level of total aerobic bacteria (TAB) in popped rice was 1.2 Log CFU/g and the level of TAB in finished products increased to 3.7 Log CFU/g. In the process of producing Yugwa, the level of TAB increased to a maximum of 6.5 Log CFU/g in the soaking process but decreased to 1.3 Log CFU/g in the frying process. However, the level of TAB increased again to 1.3 Log CFU/g in finished products that proves its recontamination. It is estimated that he manufacturing process causes cross-contamination that comes from the work tools, equipment or workers. In particular, the spatula, one of the work tools, was found to have 4.4 Log CFU/g of aerobic bacteria and 4.2 Log CFU/g of colon bacillus that show they are highly contaminated. In the soaking process of Yugwa that lasts seven days, the level of TAB was a maximum of 10 Log CFU/g and the level of total colon bacillus was 6.8 Log CFU/g. When compared with washing methods, using hands and tools or running water, it is confirmed that the level of both TAB and total colon bacillus decreased to 5.0 Log CFU/g and 2.8 Log CFU/g respectively when hands were washed with running water 10 times. The above result shows that it's required for workers to wash their hands as well as wash and disinfect work tools and equipment in the process of producing Korean traditional cookies at small-scale companies. In addition, to reduce the level of microbial contamination in finished products, workers are required to apply their reduction method at the site.

• Atmosphere
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2005

Today, the outreach of National Meteorological Service such as PC cluster based Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) technique is vigorous in the world wide. In this regard, WMO (World Meteorological Organization) asked KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration) to formulate a regional project, which cover most of RA II members, using similar technical system with KMA's. In that sense, Meteorological Research Institute (METRI) in KMA developed Mongolian NWP System (MNWPS) based on PC cluster and transferred the technology to Weather Service Center in Mongolia. The hybrid parallel algorithm and channel bonding technique were adopted to cut cost and showed 41% faster performance than single MPI (Message Passing Interface) approach. The cluster technique of Beowulf type was also adopted for convenient management and saving resources. The Linux based free operating system provide very cost effective solution for operating multi-nodes. Additionally, the GNU software provide many tools, utilities and applications for construction and management of a cluster. A flash flood event happened in Mongolia (2 September 2003) was selected for test run, and MNWPS successfully simulated the event with initial and boundary condition from Global Data Assimilation and Prediction System (GDAPS) of KMA. Now, the cluster based NWP System in Mongolia has been operated for local prediction around the region and provided various auxiliary charts.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.43-43
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• 2010

Presently, there is the dilemma of uncertainty with respect to the evaluation of sound and vibration based on the fact that there is obviously no agreement upon appropriate methods to measure the "truth" concerning the acceptance of sound and vibration. To evaluate properly physical and perception data in sound and vibration it is necessary to implement new methods and innovative approaches to understand the input of human response in sound design. Fortunately, an elaborate dialogue of the usefulness and applicability of those approaches is in progress. Moreover, the need of using and combining perception and physical data in order to comprehend the process of human perception and evaluation sufficiently is widely accepted. However, still the question remains how the goal of an adequate combination can be achieved. Clearly, themultidimensional human perception cannot be easily reduced to singular numbers. Moreover, factors, among others the meaning of the sound, the composition of the diverse sound sources, the listener's attitude, expectations and experiences, are significant parameters which have to be considered to comprehend the different perceptions and evaluations with regard to specific stimuli. Taking under consideration the physical, psychological, and cognitive dimensions as well as the integration of aspects of design require partially various new approaches. While binaural measurement and analysis technologies and psycho-acoustics are well established as they are proved to be valuable auxiliary tools; it has not been achieved to develop generally acceptable measurement units concerning sound quality. Consequently, there is a need for new approaches and methods which make it possible to comprehend sufficiently the process of perception and evaluation. Going with people's mind will be one solution for the future; thisconcept will be introduced based on the development in sound design.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.121-129
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• 2003

The enhancement of inquiry skills has been emphasized as a important objective of science education for a long time. Of these, the observation is not only a simple and basic skill, but also a very important skill, in aspect of gathering informations about the nature of all things around us, through interaction between the sense organs of body and objectives. The purpose of this study is to investigate the results of observations about the grasshopper(Oxya chinesis), made by the elementary student from the 3rd to the 6th grade, and to make use of them as the basic materials for the observative teaming and the evaluation of the observation ability. Through this study, the collected items of observation are as follows For grasshopper, a total of observation items is 95, 70 using the sight sense, 13 using the tactile sense,7 using the olfactory sense. 3 using the palate sense and 2 using the auditory sense. In this study, the findings of elementary student's observation are as follows. 1. On the whole, most of students have observed mainly by the sight and the tactile sense, when observing the grasshopper. 2. It is showed a tendency that the observation ability of student is increased with the higher grade in elementary school. 3. As the grade ascends. the observations with operating are increased, also the quantitative expression and interpretation about them are increased. 4. In the case of same grade, there is no significant difference between students' gender, though girls' ability of the observation showed somewhat higher than boys' 5. Occasionally, the interpretations on the observative facts made by student, are inaccurate. Basis on the above results, we suggested some directions for the improvement of the observative learning program in science classroom of elementary school. First, the teacher have to serve as a guide and encouragement in the observative learning class, to be accomplished the various observation, which all the sensory organ can be used by student than the sight sense. Second, to get elevated the ability of observation, it is necessary that some experimental tools(magnifying lens, stereoscope, auxiliary implements etc.) are utilized. Third, the teacher have to make often endeavors showing an example of operation, to be activated the atmosphere of operative observation.