• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2023

This study was conducted to develop a precision automatic irrigation system in a nursery by considering the problems and improvements of manual and the conventional automatic irrigation system. The amount of irrigated water between the conventional automatic irrigation system and manual irrigation was 28.7 ± 4.4 g and 14.2 ± 4.3 g, respectively, and the coefficient of variation was less than 30%. However, the coefficient of variation of the conventional automatic irrigation system of 15%, was higher than that of manual irrigation of 30%. The irrigation test using the developed uniform irrigation system attached with the nozzle of a spray angle 80° and most highest uniformity was at height 600 mm. And coefficient of variation of the irrigation uniformity at the center part was within 20%, but irrigation amount of the edge part was lower 50% and over compared to the center part. As a result of a tomato grafting seedling cultivation test using the developed uniform irrigation system, the average plant height of seedling at the edge part was 28 mm but plant height at the center part was higher as 72 mm. Therefore, it was necessary to apply additional irrigation device at the edge part. The irrigation uniformity of the edge concentrated irrigation system was investigated that the irrigation amount of the edge part was irrigated by more than 50% compared with the center part, and coefficient of variation of the irrigation amount at the center part was less than 30%. As a result of a cucumber grafting seedling cultivation test using the edge concentrated irrigation system, the plant height of seedlings in the edge and central part of cultivation bed were 24% and 26%, respectively, so irrigation uniformity was higher then the uniform irrigation system. In order to improve the uniformity of seedlings, it is necessary to adjust the height of boom according to the growth of the seedling by installing a distance sensor in the overhead watering and boom irrigation system.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1995

Three types of floating-type automatic inlet were developed for the purpose of reduc- ing farmer's working hours required for water management and saving irrigation water. The point of automation is to use a float within the inlet which is floated and sinked by the ponding depth of paddy field, Thus opens and closes the control gate of irrigation. Suitability of each inlet may depend on production cost, applicability to paddy field condi- tions, and feasibility to farmers, etc. The first model was composed of three parts : chamber for irrigation control gate, chamber for float controlled by ponding depth, and connection bar between the two parts. It was designed to open and close the control gate gradually as the ponding depth drops and rises to a certain level. The second model was designed to improve the weak point of the first model which is the imperfect-closing of gate when it approaches to the end of ir- rigation. A switch-spring was equipped above the connection bar for perfect opening and closing of gate when the ponding depth reaches to a certain level. The third model was designed by combining the two chambers, that is, cut in halves the inlet volume of the above two models. Magnets were equipped above the float for perfect opening and closing gate. The functional experiment for three developed inlets was successfully carried out and the rating curves were derived.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.33-38
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• 1994

Floating-type automatic turnout was developed for the purpose of reducing labor cost and labor-working hours related to turnout management. The point of automation is to use a flexible-float within the turnout. The weight of float is changed by emptying and filling with water at the beginning and ending of irrigation. The turnout is controlled to open and close small bole on the float bottom using electromagnets. With the weight control of float. the gate of turnout is opened by the empty float to begin irrigatiom and is closed by the filled float to stop irrigation. The turnout was designed to be operated by the main computer and to minimize electric power consumption by sending an electric current at the beginning and ending of irrigation. The functional experiment was succesfully carried out and the rating curves for both free overflow condition and submerged flow condition were derived.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.232-241
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• 1999

The automatic irrigation system using the stem diameter monitoring and the transpiration model for the determination, respectively, of irrigation timing and amount was designed and evaluated for its applicability in pot and field culture of greenhouse tomato. In the pot culture condition, the yield and quality of greenhouse tomato were improved when irrigation was practiced based on the stem diameter monitoring and the transpiration model as compared to the irrigation practice based on soil moisture monitoring. However, the effects were not significant in the field culture condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.227-234
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• 2018

The smart irrigation system using ICT technology is crucial for stable production of upland crops. The objective of this study was to develop a smart irrigation system that can control soil water, depending on irrigation methods, in order to improve crop production. In surface irrigation, three irrigation methods (sprinkler irrigation (SI), surface drip irrigation (SDI), and fountain irrigation (FI)) were installed on a crop field. The soil water contents were measured at 10, 20, 30, and 40 cm depth, and an automatic irrigation system controls a valve to maintain the soil water content at 10 cm to be 30%. In subsurface drip irrigation (SSDI), the drip lines were installed at a depth of 20 cm. Controlled drainage system (CDS) was managed with two ground water level (30 cm and 60 cm). The seasonal irrigation amounts were 96.4 ton/10a (SDI), 119.5 ton/10a (FI), and 113 ton/10a (SI), respectively. Since SDI system supplied water near the root zone of plants, the water was saved by 23.9% and 17.3%, compared with FI and SI, respectively. In SSDI, the mean soil water content was 38.8%, which was 10.8% higher than the value at the control treatment. In CDS, the water contents were greatly affected by the ground water level; the water contents at the surface zone with 30 cm ground water level was 9.4% higher than the values with 60 cm ground water level. In conclusion, this smart irrigation system can reduce production costs of upland crops.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.213-214
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• 2005

Uiryung Watershed area, located at the confluence of Nam River and Nagdong River has 9000 ha of agricultural land area and 3024 ha of paddy rice field have been reclaimed and managed by Korean Agricultural and Rural Infrastructure Corporation(KARICO) in the riparian area since 1954. In spite of irrigation and drainage improvement projects in last 3 decades since 1970, there are severe drought and innundation problems in the area. To improve the difficulties and efficient usage of irrigation water not only for agriculture but also for environmental conservation and cultural ceremony, Automatic Water management system has been installed supported by Ministry of Agriculture and Fishery in Korean Government. The control office in Uiryung Branch Office of KARICO, receive all the water management records from Remote Terminal Units in 7 reservoirs and 26 Pump stations to operate the decision supporting system of irrigation and drainage facility during cropping period. Since the completion of the water management system at the end of 2003, the electric cost decrease in 80 % than average years. In spite of decrease of two technical assistants since 2004, complains from farmers for the water management are very rare. The technological experience from the automatic water management system would contribute not only for the efficient water management of Uiryang area but also for the modernization of water management of other watershed areas in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2000.11c
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• pp.757-763
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• 2000

It is fundamental to control individual condition of every seedling. Automatic individual control is used by data control and analysis at on-line. As a result the best condition system was build without all waste. This system uses one of new technology irrigation system. This irrigation system supply accurate quantity of nutrient solution in the shortest time. The system named the upward injection irrigation system. First of all it is necessary to be considered whether the soil is proper or improper for upward injection irrigation system. It is important that root absorb nutrient solution as fast as possible. The ability of spreading, storing water, contamination of environment and cost were considered when choose the medium. The soil of organic culture is developed recently. The soil consists of paper pulp and vermiculite. The new soil is more suitable than ordinary medium for growing plant because this medium is made of paper pulp. The ability of store and spread of water is it's feature. We can make paper tray of this paper pulp's raw material. It is possible that pulp tray replaced plastic tray. The original plug tray of growing seedling system can make which consist of pulp medium and pulp tray. In this study, it was examined whether the plug seedling of paper pulp medium grow with upward injection irrigation system in this seedling plant system. At the same time, examine ability of store and spread of water and how to grow plant on the paper pulp medium.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.3-11
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to develop water saving irrigation method using water balance model in order to save rural water. Daily water balance components such as irrigation water, drainage water, effective rainfall, ET, and infiltration were measured in paddy fields. Model simulations were performed for different outlet heights and ponding depths. The outlet heights and the ponding depths are 2 cm, 4 cm, 6 cm, 8 cm, and 10 cm, respectively. Based on the simulation very shallow ponding depth of 2 cm with 10 cm outlet height showed the largest effective rainfall ratio and the smallest irrigation amount. Until the introduction of laser leveling dozer and automatic inlet control devices, it would be desirable to adopt 4cm ponding depth because of difficulty of land leveling and frequency of farmer's field visit. The results of this study will be applied in the paddy farming and can improve water use efficiency.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.188-194
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• 2006

Since the late 1920's possibility of commercial hydroponics was testified practically. Hydroponics is used as environmentally friendly agriculture production system recently with high effectiveness. Now that existing irrigation control systems such as time control or solar radiation control cannot satisfy stable water content in root substrates, the needs for new irrigation system keep increasing. In this paper, we proposed environmentally friendly automatic irrigation management system by employing automation system based on electronic control system, which could solve problems based on manual irrigation management system. In addition, it suggested to be applied to any crops and will be able to overcome existing limit in irrigation by measuring the water content of root substrate in realtime.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.225-231
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• 2009

'Nokkwang' green pepper plants were grown in soil system (silty loam with pH 6.5) under the greenhouse, to determine the effects of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) and subsurface drip irrigation plus aeration (SDIA) into root zone comparing with conventional surface drip irrigation (DI) in terms of water use efficiency, soil properties, and growth and fruit yield. Two drip lines per crop row were layed on the soil surface in DI system, buried at a depth of 20cm below the soil surface in SDI system, and also buried at a depth of20cm below the soil surface and aerated for 3minutes a hour during the daytime ($08:00{\sim}19:00$) by a air compressor in SDIA system. A automatic irrigation with starting point of -20kPa and ending point of -10kPa based on soil moisture contents was applied by controllers and electronic vacum soil moisture sensors. Reduction in soil moisture contents was delayed in SDI and SDIA, compared to DI. Irrigation amount applied in pepper cultivation was around 30% less in SDI than in DI. Electric conductivity and nitrate nitrogen content in the surface soil grown green pepper were significantly lowered in SSDI and SDIA, compared to DI. Better development of root system was observed in SDIA and SDI than in DI. Results showed that pepper fruit yield increased by 30% in SDIA and 22% in SDI in comparision with DI.