• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.551-556
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• 2004

Coagulation process is one of the most important processes in water treatment procedures for stable and economical operation, and coagulant dosing of this process for most plants is generally determined by the jar test. However, this method does not only take a long time to analyze and get the result but also has difficulties in applying to automatic control. This paper shows the feasibility of applying neural network to control the coagulant dosing automatically in water treatment plant. To be specific, the predicted results of the neural network model is shown to be similar to that of jar test. The input variables for learning the neural network are turbidity, water temperature, pH, and alkalinity. Combining the neural network and SCD(Streaming Current Detector) for feedforward and feedback control of injecting coagulant, a rapid change of the raw water quality can be accommodated.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.223-232
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• 2014

An inductive sensor system is proposed to detect the gear location and angular position of a geared shaft for automatic feeding of the shaft into the proper cutting position of the other end. The system consists of two set of coils, bridge circuit, signal condition circuit, and microprocessor. The coil sensors of the system measure changes of inductance along with the surface position of a geared shaft. The inductance changes are transformed to voltages by the bridge circuit, which are then conditioned and processed for the recognition of the gear. In order to incorporate with the experimental results with the sensor system, a finite element method (FEM) simulation for the magnetic field between the sensor and the shaft was carried out. The predicted results and the experiments revealed that the sensor system was appropriate for sensing the position of gear and the angular position of gear tooth of a geared shaft.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1987년도 전기.전자공학 학술대회 논문집(I)
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• pp.284-287
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• 1987

In this paper, the design and implementation of a multiprocessor based Die Bonder Machine for the semiconductor will be described. This the partial research result, that is, the 1st year portion of the project to be performed for a period of two years from June, 1986 to May, 1988. The mechanical system consists of the following three subsystems : (i) transfer head unit, (ii) die feeding XY-table unit, and (iii) plunge up unit. The overall control system is designed to be essentially a master-slave type in which each slave is functionally fixed in view of software and also the time shared common bus structure with hardwired bus arbitration scheme is utilized, the control system consists of the following three subsystems each of which employs a 16 bits microprocessor MC 68000 : (i) die bonder processor controller, (ii) visual recognition/inspection and display system, (iii) the servo control system. It is reported that the proposed control system were applied to Working Sample and tested in real system, and the results are successful as a working sample phase.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2002

이 연구는 채소의 생산에서 가장 많은 노동력이 소요되고 단순ㆍ반복적인 결속작업의 기계화기술을 개발하기 위하여 수행되었다. 본 논문은 이 연구의 제1보로서 채소의 결속작업실태를 조사분석하여 결속기의 개발방향을 설정하고, 채소의 이송 및 결속끈의 공급장치를 개발한 결과를 수록한 것이다. 채소의 결속작업은 철심이 내장된 끈을 사용하여 타원형으로 결속하고 있었으며, 작업자가 경험적으로 계량하여 결속된 단의 크기는 작물별 차이는 있으나 동일 작물에서 작업자간 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 결속기는 작업자가 채소를 공급하면 일정 길이의 결속끈을 사용하여 타원형으로 결속하여 배출하는 방식으로 개발한 필요성이 있다고 생각된다. 이를 위해서 결속기는 작업자가 채소를 용이하게 공급할 수 있으며 결속장치까지 흐트러짐이 없이 이송하는 채소의 이송장치, 결속끈의 길이를 조절하여 공급하는 결속끈의 공급장치, 이송된 채소를 결속끈을 꼬아서 타원형으로 결속하는 결속장치 등으로 구성되어야 할 것이다. 채소의 이송장치는 작업자가 채소의 일정량을 용이하게 공급할 수 있도록 폭의 조절이 가능한 트레이를 체인콘베이어에 부착한 구조, 결속끈의 공급장치는 압축력이 걸려 있는 우레탄 재질의 구동 및 종동롤러로 원하는 길이의 결속끈을 피딩하면 칼날로 절단하는 구조로 개발하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.39-48
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• 1983

This study was performed to obtain the basic data which could be used for the modification of the manual center-burner-type rice-husk furnace into a small scale automatic type for the multi-purpose use in the farm. For this purpose, first, the utilization feasibility of the rice-husk furnace in the farm was analyzed briefly in aspects of available amount of rice-husk for the fuel, annual operation time and replaceble amount of residential heating energy with rice-husk in the farm. For the experiment a prototype furnace geared with an automatic feeding device was fabricated, and feed rate, mold size and chimney height were changed to investigate the combustion efficiency of rice-husk and thermal efficiency of the furnace. Also, optimum and limiting operational factors were observed in each treatments. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. If the rice-husk is intensively used for residential heating in the farm for winter season, on an average 51 percent of the total heating energy can be replaced with the rice-husk. Therefore, development of a small scale automatic rice-husk furnace was recognized to be feasible. 2. The operational condition depending on husk-feed rates was very important factor for successive steady burning operation of the given furnace. When the feed-rate was 1.5 kg/hr, the top of the burning zone should be kept at the position about 55 cm from the bottom of the combustion chamber with the periodic removal of ash (termed as steady state position), which was 18 cm above the mold waist. When the feed rates were 2.4 kg/hr and 3.0 kg/hr, the steady state position was at about 4 cm above the mold waist. 3. The mold size affected inflow rate of air into the furnace and consequently CO content in the exhaust gas. The relatively bigger mold gave positive effect on the air-inflow rate. 4. When the husk-feed rates were 1.5 kg/hr, 2.4 kg/hr, 3.0 kg/hr, the combustion efficiencies of the rice-husk were 98.5%, 97.4% and 95.0%, the thermal efficiencies of the furnace were 93.4%, 93.2% and 87.6%, and CO content in the exhaust gas were 1.21%, 1.03%, and 2.43%, respectively. The air-inflow rates were decreased with the increase of feed rates. When the amount of excess air was 30-40%, the CO content in the exhaust gas was at the minimum level. 5. When the chimney height was lowered from 260 cm to 96 cm, the air-inflow rate was slightly decreased, but the average temperature in the combustion chamber, CO content in the exhaust gas and combustion and thermal efficiencies were not changed significantly. 6. The incidental problems associated with the protytype furnace were accumulation of the ash inside the mold, accumulation of the cinder between the outer-drum of the furnace and the combustion chamber wall, and accumulation of the cinder in the chimney.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.263-278
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• 2022

최근 IoT 기술의 발달로 외출 중에도 반려동물에 급여하도록 자동 사료급식기가 유통되고 있다. 그러나 자동급식에서 중요한 중량을 측정하는 저울 방식은 쉽게 고장이 나고, 3D카메라 방식은 비용이 든다는 단점이 있으며, 2D카메라 방식은 중량 측정의 정확도가 떨어진다. 특히 사료가 복합된 경우 중량 측정 문제는 더욱 어려워질 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 2D카메라를 사용하면서도 중량을 정확하게 추정할 수 있는 딥러닝 접근법을 제안하는 것이다. 이를 위해 다양한 합성곱 신경망을 이용하였으며, 그중 ResNet101 기반 모델이 3.06 gram의 평균 절대 오차와 3.40%의 평균 절대비 오차를 기록하며 가장 우수한 성능을 보였다. 본 연구의 결과로 사료와 같이 규격화된 물체의 중량을 확보가 용이한 2D 이미지를 통해서만 예측할 필요가 있을 경우 유용한 정보로 활용될 수 있다.

• ALGAE
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.149-161
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• 2022

Noctiluca scintillans is a heterotrophic dinoflagellate that causes red-colored oceans during the day (red tides) and glowing oceans at night (bioluminescence). This species feeds on diverse prey, including phytoplankton, heterotrophic protists, and eggs of metazoans. Thus, many scientists have conducted studies on the ecophysiology of this species. It is easy to cultivate N. scintillans at a scale of <1 L, but it is difficult to cultivate them at a scale of >100 L because N. scintillans cells usually stay near the surface, while prey cells stay below the surface in large water tanks. To obtain mass-cultured N. scintillans cells, we developed an automatic system for cultivating N. scintillans on a scale of 100 L. The system consisted of four tanks containing fresh nutrients, the chlorophyte Dunaliella salina as prey, N. scintillans for growth, and N. scintillans for storage, respectively. The light intensities supporting the high growth rates of D. salina and N. scintillans were 300 and 20 µmol photons m^-2 s^-1, respectively. Twenty liters of D. salina culture from the prey culture tank were transferred to the predator culture tank, and subsequently 20 L of nutrients from the nutrient tank were transferred to the prey culture tank every 2 d. When the volume of N. scintillans in the predator culture tank reached 90 L 6 d later, 70 L of the culture were transferred to the predator storage tank. To prevent N. scintillans cells from being separated from D. salina cells in the predator culture tank, the culture was mixed using an air pump, a sparger, and a stirrer. The highest abundance of N. scintillans in the predator culture tank was 45 cells mL^-1, which was more than twice the highest abundance when this dinoflagellate was cultivated manually. This automatic system supplies 100 L of N. scintillans pure culture with a high density every 10 d for diverse experiments on N. scintillans.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.672-678
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to investigate whether milk performance is impacted by the housing of heifers from the second to the seventh day of life, the method of feeding milk from the second week of life to weaning, the sire lineage and by the season of birth and season of calving. From 32 Holstein heifer-calves, which spent their first day of life in a loose housing maternity pen with their mother, 19 heifers were randomly placed in hutches (IH), and 13 stayed in a loose housing maternity pen (MP). At the seventh day IH heifers were assigned to one of two treatments, 10 heifers were randomly taken from IH and relocated to a loose housing pen with an automatic feeding station (AD), 9 calves stayed in hutches with bucket drinking (BD). MP heifers were moved to a group pen with nursing cows (UD). All animals were weaned at the age of 8 weeks (56 days) and kept in group pens. After calving, they were in free-stall housing. Trial cows were divided according to the sire, season of birth and calving. The five-factorial ANOVA revealed that among all the factors taken into account in this study, only sire lineage and season of birth had significant effects. The production of milk, FCM and protein were higher in the MP group than in the IH group. The UD group tended to have the highest production of milk, FCM, protein, lactose, SNF and total solids (TS) and the AD group the lowest. The content of fat and TS were highest in the AD group. Effects of the sire were significant for average daily gains (ADG) from birth to weaning ($0.55{\pm}0.03kg$, p<0.05), contents of fat ($3.81{\pm}0.08%$, p<0.05), protein ($3.13{\pm}0.02%$, p<0.05), and TS ($12.67{\pm}0.12%$, p<0.05). In the season of birth evaluation, statistical difference was found only in the content of protein ($3.13{\pm}0.13%$, p<0.05). Cows born in March-May had the highest % protein and cows born in June-August the lowest ($3.21{\pm}0.04$ vs. $3.06{\pm}0.05%$). Dairy cows born and subsequently calving in December-February had the highest production of milk, protein and TS, and dairy cows born in June-August the lowest. FCM and fat yields were highest in the group born in September-November and lowest in the group born in June-August.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2006

국민의 소득 증대로 인해 육류 및 계란의 소비량이 점차적으로 증가하는 추세에 있다. 이로 인해 산란계사의 규모가 대형화됨에 따라 기계화되었고, 이 연구에서는 고단 직립식 케이지를 사용하는 무창계사에서 기계시설이 작동 시 발생되는 소음 및 진동이 산란계의 생산성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 산란계사내의 소음/진동 수준을 측정 분석하였다. 전국의 13개 산란계 농장을 대상으로 하여 평상시 및 기계시설(사료급이기, 사료분배기, 집란시스템, 환기장치, 계분벨트)의 작동시에 발생되는 소음/진동을 측정하였다. (1) 평상시 소음 최대 82dB, 진동 최대 0.2072 cm/s, (2) 사료급이기 작동 시 소음 최대 90dB, 최대 진동 2.8560cm/s, (3) 사료분배기 작동시 소음 최대 90dB, 최대 진동 2.022cm/s, (4) 집란시스템 작동 시 최대 소음 87dB, 최대 진동 0.1865cm/s, (5) 환기장치 작동 시 케이지에 미치는 최대 88dB, 계사 후면 벽면에 미치는 최대 진동 2.5364cm/s, (6) 계분벨트 작동 시 최대 소음 88dB, 최대 진동 0.2387cm/s 이었다. 따라서 산란계에게 직접적이고 가장 크게 영향을 미치는 장치는 급이 시스템이였다. 이 때의 소음은 최대 90dB로 가장 높게 발생하였으며, 진동은 최대 2.8560 cm/s 발생하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.552-560
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• 2021

현재 국내 수산 양식업은 스마트화를 추진하고 있지만, 여전히 양식 단계의 많은 과정에서 사람의 주관적인 판단으로 진행되고 있다. 수산 양식업 스마트화를 위해서 선행되어야 할 부분은 양식장 내 물고기들의 상태를 효과적으로 파악하는 것이다. 어류 개체 수, 크기, 이동경로, 이동속도 등을 파악하여 실시간 모니터링 할 수 있게 된다면 사료 자동 급이, 질병유무판단 등 다양한 양식자동화를 진행할 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 수중 촬영한 어류비디오 데이터를 이용하여 실시간으로 어류의 상태를 파악 할 수 있는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 어류 객체검출을 위해 딥러닝 기반 최신 객체검출 모델들을 적용하여 검출 성능을 비교 평가 하였고, 검출 결과를 이용하여 비디오내의 연속적인 이미지 프레임에서 어류 객체 ID부여, 이동경로 추적 및 이동속도를 측정할 수 있는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안한 알고리즘은 객체 검출 성능 92%(F1-score 기준)를 보였으며, 실제 테스트비디오 상에서 실시간으로 다수의 어류 객체를 효과적으로 추적하는 것을 확인하였다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 알고리즘을 이용하여 향후 사료 자동 급이, 어류 질병 예측 등 다양한 스마트양식 기술에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.