• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.705-714
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• 2012

This study investigated the relationships among emotion knowledge, negative emotionality, and autobiographical memory in a sample of 131 three- to five-year-old children attending day care center in seoul. The collected data were analyzed using simple regression and hierarchical multiple regression. The main results of this study were as follows. First, children's emotion knowledge exerted negative effects on their negative emotionality. Second, children's negative emotionality had a positive influence on their autobiographical memory. Finally, the effect of children's emotion knowledge on their autobiographical memory was partially mediated by their negative emotionality. These findings provide a preliminary evidence that children's emotion knowledge and negative emotionality may predict their autobiographical memory.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.12-20
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• 2009

Memory and schema are very similar in terms of human accumulated mental and physical experiences. However, while memory has more personal aspect, schema discussed in this paper has more collective aspect. Schema has been developed through different generations and times, and has become a specific psychological or visual element(s) that can be applied to various fields, such as all, design and architecture. This study focuses on Aldo Rossi's architectural design characteristics based on his 'Autobiographical Concept' as well as personal schema. 'Autobiographical Concept' is the crucial structure supporting Aldo Rossi's distinctive formalization and spatialization. 4 case projects were comparatively analyzed by the 5 elements included in 'Autobiographical Concept'. It was not easy to relate each element to a specific design aspect because the 5 elements are somehow theoretically and conceptually inter-connected each other. Even though it is very difficult to directly relate a conceptual element with a real spatial element, it is found that the 5 elements have some differences in the spatialization process. Thus, in the conclusion, this study attempted to show the unique characteristics of the Aldo Rossi's architectural design process based on his 'Autobiographical Concept'.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.49-66
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• 2016

This study investigated the song-induced autobiographical memory of patients with early Alzheimer's Dementia (AD) by comparing the effects of patient-selected songs (M-AD) versus music therapist-selected songs (M-MT). A total of 19 patients with early AD participated in this study. In the M-AD and M-MT conditions, each participant listened to a song and was instructed to recall memory. The time to recall memory, the specificity of the memory, mood changes, and the type of recalled memory were measured. Perceived familiarity and preference of the used songs and association of the song with the recalled memory were also analyzed. The results of the study showed that the M-AD condition elicited more specific memory and positive mood change than the M-MT condition. In addition, AD patients reported a higher level of familiarity with and preference of songs in the M-AD condition, compared to the M-MT condition. These results indicate that patient-selected songs, which have a personal meaning to an individual, could be effectively used for intervening with memory of this population, which would support music therapists to make better decision with regard to song selection. Further studies would be needed to deepen the understanding of autobiographical memory in older population with cognitive impairment and to propose more effective music therapy strategies for intervening with memory.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2012

Objectives : Autobiographical memory (ABM) is a special type of episodic memory, containing events that have occurred in a personal life. Overgeneral tendency of ABM refers to the retrieval of memory with only general and categorical descriptions rather than specific events. ABM specificity in depression and posttraumatic stress disorder is a robust finding with relation to cognitive vulnerability, affect regulation, problem-solving ability. It is also implicated in bipolar disorder with frequent relapses. In this study, we investigated whether ABM specificity was related to manic or euthymic mood states in patients with bipolar disorder. Methods : Forty bipolar patients with manic and euthymic episodes and 25 healthy controls participated in this study. Prompted by 5 positively and 5 negatively valenced emotional cue words, each participant was instructed to recall positive or negative memories and describe them in detail. The One-way ANOVA was used to compare ABM scores and post-hoc analyses were done. Results : Comapred to the healthy persons, the bipolar patients reported significantly more general than specific negative memories in both manic and euthymic episodes (p = 0.003). However, there was no significant difference between manic and euthymic patients (p = 0.074). Conclusions : These results suggest that overgeneral tendency of negative ABM may be a trait abnormality in bipolar disorder. Moreover, this phenomenon might be related to underlying cognitive deficits or affect regulation irrespective of the mood state.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.95-106
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to systematically review sex differences in episodic memory. Methods : We searched previous studies published in all electronic databases between 2010 and 2019. The key terms used in the search were 'sex differences' or 'gender differences' and 'episodic memory' or 'autobiographical memory'. 8 studies were finally extracted for analysis. Results : The 8 studies had evidence levels of II (67.5%) and III (37.5%), which are quite high. Healthy younger adults or healthy adults were recruited to examine sex differences in episodic memory. Assessment methods for episodic memory were mainly divided into cognitive tasks or standardized tests using visual or auditory stimuli. Subjects were instructed to memorize the stimuli and asked to recall them after some time. Overall females outperformed male. In particular, there were significant sex differences in verbal episodic memory. In contrast, there was no significant sex difference in visual episodic memory. Conclusion : To identify sex differences in episodic memory, a variety of test methods were used in various ways. Overall, females showed higher episodic memory than males. These findings suggest a need for cognitive intervention considering sex differences in the clinic. In the future, episodic memory tests with high ecological validity should be conducted to investigate sex differences in episodic memory.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.1361-1378
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• 2010

This paper argues that it is possible to construct an analogy of the literary fragment to an organic individual on the basis of an autonomous system of organic unity by reading William Wordsworth's ways of self-writing in The Prelude. The organicity of a fragment is borrowed from Friedrich Schlegel's theoretic and literary approach to the Romantic fragment. Focusing primarily on the two "spots of time" in Book Twelfth, I attempt to formulate a reciprocal relationship between a work of art and a literary autobiographer in terms of the self-generativity of the fragment. To be precise, both the fragment and the autobiographical project presuppose and at the same time depend on the engendering force of an organic unity and its resistance to discontinuity, which ironically affirms the persistent threat of disruption and death. Rewriting traumatic childhood experiences as rites of passage into adulthood, the two specified "spots of time" show the dominant mode of memory operative in the poem. Asserting the prominence of the individual as the very vehicle of realizing universal humanity, Wordsworth tries to re-form his individuality grounded in his childhood memories in a literary fashion. Under the premise that the poet is remembered by his posterity, The Prelude is constituted and reconstituted in conjunction with different versions of each memory. The poem also marks the poet's unachieved project of writing a philosophical poem, namely, The Recluse; for this very reason, The Prelude, which is complete in itself, points to an eternal work in progress, turning the truth of every fragment complete in its incompletion. As a trope of fragmentation, an autobiographical individuality is reformed in the poet's process of writing and re-visioning while simultaneously being dispersed once again between words, sentences, and pages.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.117-120
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• 2006

Localized amnesia is characterized by a failure to recall events that occurred during a circumscribed period of time. Localized amnesia is the most common type of dissociative amnesia. It is assumed that this is a disorder of memory retrieval. Recent neuroimaing studies reported that posterior cingulate cortex may play a important role in memory(autobiographical) retrieval. The authors reported a case of localized amnesia with mass on left posterior cingulate cortex.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.47-58
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• 2021

Purpose - Current research aimed at exploring the effect differences between the two types of processing product information such as the imagining and the considering on psychological product ownership which could influence the intent to purchase or use the product, and focused on identifying the interaction effects of activated memory information type and advertising information type on each of the information processing types. Research design, data, and methodology - This study divided the information processing types into imagining and considering, and the consumer's memories were divided into autobiographical or episodic and semantic memory. The advertising information was approached in each of event information being together with the product and product feature information. At empirical study, 2(two types of memory activation: episodic and semantic memory activation) ∗ 2(two types of advertising information: event-focused and product feature-focused advertising information) between-subjects design was used to make four types of questionnaire according to the type of experimental groups. Through the survey platform, 'questionnaire stars' of 'WeChat' in China, 219 questionnaire data were collected for empirical study. The structural equation model in AMOS 26 and Anova were used to verify hypotheses. Results - First, the ownership affected the usage intent positively. Second, the imagining did not affect the psychological ownership but did directly affect the usage intention, and the considering affected the ownership positively. Third, the episodic memory activation positively influenced the imagining and negatively affected the considering, whereas the semantic memory activation positively influenced the considering and negatively affected the imagining. Fourth, event-advertising information increased the effects of the activated episodic memory on the imagining, and feature-advertising information increased the effects of the activated semantic memory on the considering. Conclusions - marketers should develop and advertise their product-related event message to trigger the imaging that directly increase the intent to purchase or use their product, when consumers are under the activation of their episodic memory. And marketers should advertise their product feature-related message to trigger the considering that could induce consumers' ownership for their product to increase the intent to purchase or use their product, when they are under the activation of their semantic memory.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.73-90
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• 2021

Previous studies have demonstrated that childhood memories can impact self-concepts. However, scant research has been conducted to determine whether and how the activation of childhood memories relates to the motivation of prosocial behaviors. Thus, this study investigated whether childhood memories facilitated prosocial behaviors through implicitly activating moral purity and how differently an abstract (vs. a concrete) construal level of autobiographical memories evoke prosocial intentions. According to the results of Study 1, the participants in the experimental condition of childhood memories were more motivated to perform prosocial behaviors than those in the controlled condition of recalling recent mundane activities. In the experimental condition, moral purity was activated more strongly than in the control condition. Study 2 demonstrated that participants in the "concrete" condition of childhood memories tended to the lower levels of prosocial motivation than those in the "abstract" condition wherein they were counting and describing good deeds from their childhood in detail. These results indicate that different construal levels (abstract vs. concrete) can mediate the relationship between childhood memories and prosocial behaviors. This study contributes to extending previous research regarding the determinants of motivating prosocial behaviors in cognitive processes.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.313-321
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• 2019

This study investigated the themes of self-esteem memories in female adults. Self-esteem memories mean memories that are focused on evaluations of the self and the themes of them are classified as achievement or social relationship. Eighteen young adults(M=21.56), fifteen middle aged adults(M=54.13), and twenty older adults(M=74.35), totally fifty three female adults participated. They recalled 4 positive and 4 negative self-esteem memories respectively. The results showed that memories of positive and negative self-worth frequently focused on relationship themes, and this tendency was significant in positive memory of young adults and negative memory of middle aged adults. This suggests that social relationship is a dominant cultural value in Korea. Links between interpersonal relationship and positive/negative self-esteem memories are explained by culture, gender and developmental tasks. Further researches about the differences by sex and life scripts in the content of self-esteem memories are needed.